ecology of phasmids - KLUEDO - Universität Kaiserslautern
ecology of phasmids - KLUEDO - Universität Kaiserslautern
ecology of phasmids - KLUEDO - Universität Kaiserslautern
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Adult female feeding preference & nymph performance 68<br />
mean mean acceptability acceptability index<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0.0<br />
Median<br />
25%-75%<br />
Min-Max<br />
a a<br />
control Phenol +0.5% Phenol +0.9%<br />
Figure 4-12: Feeding preference <strong>of</strong> M. diocles nymphs under varying levels <strong>of</strong> leaf total phenol content (expressed<br />
as increase <strong>of</strong> percent TAE compared to natural total phenol content <strong>of</strong> P. hispidum; total phenol content was<br />
increased by infiltration <strong>of</strong> leaf phenol extract solution). An increase <strong>of</strong> 0.9% TAE <strong>of</strong> total phenols resulted in a<br />
significant preference shift (Mann-Whitney U = 579, P < 0.05, control vs. Phenol+0.9%, Ncontrol=37, NPhenol+0.9%=43).<br />
mean acceptability index<br />
1.0<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0.0<br />
Median<br />
25%-75%<br />
Min-Max<br />
a<br />
a<br />
control Tannin +1.2% Tannin +11.7%<br />
Figure 4 -13: Feeding preference <strong>of</strong> M. diocles nymphs under varying levels <strong>of</strong> leaf tannin content (expressed as<br />
increase <strong>of</strong> % TAE compared to natural total phenol content <strong>of</strong> P. hispidum; tannin content was increased by<br />
infiltration <strong>of</strong> tannin solution). An increase <strong>of</strong> 1.2 % TAE tannin had no effect on feeding preference whereas<br />
nymphs refused to feed on leaf discs with 11.7 % TAE more tannin (Mann-Whitney U = 401, P < 0.01, control vs.<br />
Tannin+11.7%, Ncontrol=37, NTannin+11.7%=24).