ecology of phasmids - KLUEDO - Universität Kaiserslautern
ecology of phasmids - KLUEDO - Universität Kaiserslautern
ecology of phasmids - KLUEDO - Universität Kaiserslautern
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Adult female feeding preference & nymph performance 63<br />
Relative survival <strong>of</strong> nymphs<br />
1<br />
0<br />
0 10 20 30 40<br />
Time passed [days]<br />
Philinae<br />
Pdila<br />
Pmarg<br />
Pcule<br />
Pcord<br />
Ppelt<br />
Preti<br />
Phisp<br />
Paequ<br />
Figure 4-8: Time series <strong>of</strong> the survival <strong>of</strong> M. diocles neonate nymphs on single food plant species. A pronounced<br />
pattern in differential mortality <strong>of</strong> nymphs builds after two weeks <strong>of</strong> feeding and persists over time. Survival<br />
probabilities <strong>of</strong> nymphs calculated by the product limit estimate differed significantly depending on the food<br />
source (Log Rank Analysis, X 2 = 178.32, df = 12, P < 0.01). Species names on the right are in the order <strong>of</strong> relative<br />
survival at the end <strong>of</strong> the experiment. For further details and explanation <strong>of</strong> species name shortcuts refer to the text<br />
and Table 4-3.<br />
Analysis <strong>of</strong> variance revealed that relative growth rates <strong>of</strong> nymphs differed significantly depending on<br />
food sources (Figure 4-9) and relative growth rates modestly corresponded with survival <strong>of</strong> nymphs<br />
(Product Moment Correlation, r = 0.59, df = 11, P < 0.05). Accordingly lowest relative growth rates<br />
matched high nymphal mortality on P. grande (RGR = 0.6 %) and D. longispatha (2.4 %), followed by<br />
P. dariense (4.3 %) and Philodendron sp. (5 %). Highest growth rates were yielded with 16.8 % weight<br />
gain in a two week period on P. peltatum insignificantly different from P. marginatum, P. hispidum and<br />
P. cordulatum. Nevertheless, the relative growth rate on Philodendron inaequilaterum - the species with<br />
highest survival - ranged on an intermediate level (9 %).<br />
Philsp<br />
Pdari<br />
Dlong<br />
Pgran