ecology of phasmids - KLUEDO - Universität Kaiserslautern
ecology of phasmids - KLUEDO - Universität Kaiserslautern
ecology of phasmids - KLUEDO - Universität Kaiserslautern
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Adult female feeding preference & nymph performance 59<br />
Interspecific differences in total phenol contents ranged from lowest values for P. dariense with 0.64 %<br />
TAE to 8.34 % TAE for Philodendron sp. (Figure 4-5 & Table 4-2). Despite this contrast eight <strong>of</strong> the<br />
tested species shared similar phenol levels (1.68 ± 0.58 % TAE to 2.37 ± 5.81 % TAE). P. marginatum<br />
phenol contents ranged in the upper scale only being exceeded by P. cordulatum and Philodendron sp..<br />
Tannins were not common in M. diocles host plant species. Four Piper species contained with 1.49 to<br />
1.79 % TAE similar amounts <strong>of</strong> Tannin (Table 4-2). In P. hispidum tannins seemed to account for the<br />
major part <strong>of</strong> phenolic compounds (71 %). Only part <strong>of</strong> tested leaves <strong>of</strong> P. marginatum and P. hispidum<br />
showed tannic activity. For the remaining 10 species no BSA precipitation was detectable.<br />
Table 4-2: Total phenol and tannin contents <strong>of</strong> M. diocles host plant species resulting from Price & Butler (1977)<br />
method modified by Mole & Waterman (1994) for phenols and radial diffusion assays (RDM) (Hagermann 1987)<br />
for tannins. For tannic content 3 samples per leaf were tested.. Note that detection <strong>of</strong> tannins wasn’t consistent<br />
intraspecifically. The RDM assay mainly detects hydrolysable tannins (Hagermann 1987).<br />
Plant species Total phenol<br />
content [% TAE]*<br />
Tannin<br />
No. <strong>of</strong> leaves<br />
content [% TAE]* tested containing tannin<br />
Piper aequale 1.21 ± 0.17 nd* 5 0<br />
Piper arboreum 4.32 ± 0.37 1.49 ± 0.42 5 5<br />
Piper cordulatum 5.79 ± 0.91 1.79 ± 0.25 5 5<br />
Piper culebranum 3.87 ± 0.40 nd 5 0<br />
Piper dariense 0.64 ± 0.09 nd 5 0<br />
Piper dilatatum 2.26 ± 0.42 nd 5 0<br />
Piper grande 1.72 ± 0.61 nd 5 0<br />
Piper hispidum 2.45 ± 0.60 1.75 ± 0.68 5 2<br />
Piper imperiale 2.33 ± 0.59 nd 5 0<br />
Piper marginatum 5.71 ± 1.73 1.58 ± 0.44 20 14<br />
Piper peltatum 1.87 ± 0.75 nd 5 0<br />
Piper perlascense 1.95 ± 0.30 nd 5 0<br />
Piper reticulatum 1.84 ± 0.56 nd 5 0<br />
Philodendron<br />
ineaquilaterum<br />
1.91 ± 0.27 nd 5 0<br />
Philodendron sp. 8.33 ± 0.99 nd 5 0<br />
* Mean ± StDev<br />
** nd = not detected
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