Ng¯ati Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) Claims Settlement Bill

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Preamble Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) Claims Settlement New (unanimous) rohe. Significant tribal pūkorero are connected to these tribal landmarks: (5) As tangata whenua of the described rohe, places of historical and cultural significance to Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) include Ōtamarākau, Ōtari, Motuotara, Maungawhakamana, Ngārararua, Haehaenga, Kākahuoteritenga, Waikareao, Maraetahia, Te Monehu, Ōkorotere, Panepane, Pūtauaki, Tāhuna, Rākeihopukia, Wahieroa, Rurima Islands, Ōtaramuturangi, Pāniwhaniwha (Ngāpariwhakairo), Mangāti, Tūwatawata, Te Waikoukou, Moturoa, Puketapu, Ōtukoiro, Te Kiore Pohoroa, Korotiwha, Otitapu, Paokoroiti, Te Pātaua, Te Pakipaki, Tainapekapeka, Taumanawa, Tūmanuka, Peketā, Te Waha o te Parata, Ōpeke, Tāhunaroa, Tahutu, Whakarewa, Ōniao, Umuhika, Hāhūru, Ōkōtuku, Ōwhirirangi, Whātangi, Koroaha, Tutarautawhai, Parangaehe, Mangapehi, Ōterangikahamai, Poutakamoko, Pukehīnau, Pokanui, Ōteao, Te Ahi-inanga, Te Atua Reretahi, Te Kopua, Huratoki, Te Haehaenga, Ōtangihia, Pōkohu, Ōtangiwaka, Taranaki, Mātirawhāiti, Whakapaukōrero, Whakapaukarakia, Mōkaingārara, Ōhinetewai, Tūhaepō, Te Kōhika, Te Ahikōkōwai, Kākaramea, Whakahoro, Mangawhio, and Ruataniwha. Waterways include: Waitahanui, Hauone, Herepuru, Pikowai, Mimiha/Whakarewa, Ōhinekoao, Waihoko, Kohi-o-Awa, Wai-te-Ariki, Wai-tepuru, Awakaponga, Whāriki-te-toki, Waikamihi, Wairere-atu (the name by which Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) know the Braemar Springs), Pōkerekere, and Te Kaokaoroa: (6) Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) state that prior to 1866 they were actively engaged in the cultivation of large kumara gardens, potatoes, wheat, and flax for sale to and barter with local European traders, and the transport of goods to markets. They were also involved in customary trade with other iwi. The area at Ōkākāru (geothermal region) in the Kawerau area was used as a special place of healing and recuperation and for early cultivation of plants, in particular kumara. The area was also famous for the plentiful supply of eels and fish and the breeding of eels, especially in the warmest thermal waters. 32
Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) Claims Settlement Preamble New (unanimous) Transport was by waka and the surrounding wetlands were plentiful in kai: Background to Raupatu—Conflict in Eastern Bay of Plenty (7) In July 1863, war broke out between the Crown and Māori in the Waikato; as part of this conflict hostilities occurred in the Bay of Plenty during the first half of 1864: (8) Following a period of unrest, a Crown official, James Fulloon, and three crew members of the vessel Kate were killed by some local Māori at Whakatāne in July 1865. T H Smith, the Civil Commissioner at Maketū, issued a warrant for the arrests of those alleged to have taken part in the murders on board the Kate: (9) In August 1865, a Crown expedition of some 500 men, including Māori from neighbouring iwi and hapū, was mounted under Major William Mair, Resident Magistrate, to apprehend those named in the warrant. They pursued those named in the warrant, laying siege to a number of pa in the eastern Bay of Plenty. Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) hapū resided at some of these pā: (10) Fighting broke out as the Crown expedition passed Pārawai Pā. Crown troops raided livestock and pillaged crops and food supplies but failed to take the pā. The troops moved onto Te Umuhika where they became involved in a skirmish with some people from Pārawai Pā. In the ensuing conflict Hoete, of Te Tāwera hapū, was shot three times and died, defending the pa and his kin from the troops. Others of Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) who were accused of harbouring ‘‘tangata hara’’ were killed as the Crown expedition moved towards Te Kupenga. According to Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) a number of those killed were providing customary hospitality to those being pursued by the Crown: (11) On 2 September 1865, the Crown issued a proclamation of peace, declaring the war at an end. The proclamation stated that those who had taken up arms against the Crown since 1863 would not be prosecuted for past offences. Those responsible for the killings of Fulloon and others were among those excluded from this amnesty. The proclamation also 33
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Ng¯ati Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) Claims Settlement Bill

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