Ng¯ati Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) Claims Settlement Bill

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Preamble Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) Claims Settlement Struck out (unanimous) Tumanuka, Peketa, Te Waha o te Parata, Opeke, Tahunaroa, Tahutu, Whakarewa, Oniao, Umuhika, Hāhūru, Okotuku, Owhirirangi, Whatangi, Koroaha, Tutarautawhai, Parangaehe, Mangapehi, Oterangihakamai, Poutakamoko, Pukehinau, Pokanui, Oteao, Te Ahinanga, Te Atua Reretahi, Te Kopua, Huratoki, Te Haehaenga, Otangihia, Pokohu, Otangiwaka, Taranaki, Matirawhaiti, Whakapaukorero, Whakapaukarakia, Mokaingarara, Ohinetewai, Tuhaepo, Te Kohika, Te Ahikokowai, Kakaramea, Whakahoro, Mangawhio, and Ruataniwha. Waterways include: Waitahanui, Hauone, Herepuru, Pikowai, Mimiha/Whakarewa, Ohinekoao, Waihoko, Kohi-o-Awa, Wai-te-Ariki, Wai-tepuru, Awakaponga, Whariki-te-toki, Waikamihi, Wairere-atu (the name by which Ngati Tuwharetoa know the Braemar Springs), Pokerekere, and Te Kaokaoroa. (5) Ngati Tuwharetoa state that prior to 1866 they were actively engaged in the cultivation of large kumara gardens, potatoes, wheat, and flax for sale to and barter with local European traders, and the transport of goods to markets. They were also involved in customary trade with other iwi. The area at Okākāru (geothermal region) in the Kawerau area was used as a special place of healing and recuperation and for early cultivation of plants, in particular kumara. The area was also famous for the plentiful supply of eels and fish and the breeding of eels, especially in the warmest thermal waters. Transport was by waka and the surrounding wetlands were plentiful in kai. Background to Raupatu—Conflict in the Eastern Bay of Plenty (6) In July 1863 war broke out between the Crown and Maori in the Waikato; as part of this conflict hostilities occurred in the Bay of Plenty during the first half of 1864. (7) Following a period of unrest, a Crown official, James Fulloon, and three crew members of the vessel Kate were killed by some local Maori at Whakatane in July 1865. T H Smith, the Civil Commissioner at Maketu, issued a warrant for the arrests of those alleged to have taken part in the murders on board the Kate. 14
Ngāti Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) Claims Settlement Preamble Struck out (unanimous) (8) In August 1865 a Crown expedition of some 500 men, including Maori from neighbouring iwi and hapū, was mounted under Major William Mair, Resident Magistrate, to apprehend those named in the warrant. They pursued those named in the warrant, laying siege to a number of pa in the eastern Bay of Plenty. Ngati Tuwharetoa hapū resided at some of these pa. (9) Fighting broke out as the Crown expedition passed Pārawai Pa. Crown troops raided livestock and pillaged crops and food supplies but failed to take the pa. The troops moved onto Te Umuhika where they became involved in a skirmish with some people from Pārawai pa. In the ensuing conflict Hoete, of Te Tāwera hapū, was shot three times and died, defending the pa and his kin from the troops. Others of Ngati Tuwharetoa who were accused of harbouring ‘‘tangata hara’’ were killed as the Crown expedition moved towards Te Kupenga. According to Ngati Tuwharetoa a number of those killed were providing customary hospitality to those being pursued by the Crown. (10) On 2 September 1865 the Crown issued a proclamation of peace, declaring the war at an end. The proclamation stated that those who had taken up arms against the Crown since 1863 would not be prosecuted for past offences. Those responsible for the killings of Fulloon and others were among those excluded from this amnesty. The proclamation also stated that if those responsible for the killing of Fulloon were not given up then ‘‘the Governor will seize a part of the lands of the Tribes who conceal these murderers’’. (11) On 4 September 1865 the Governor issued a proclamation of martial law in the Whakatane and Opotiki areas to enable the capture of those accused of the murder of Fulloon and others. Crown troops remained stationed outside some pa, for the purpose of pursuing those thought to be involved in the murders. (12) Around October 1865 the occupants of Parawai Pa evacuated and went to Te Kupenga pa, joining other Bay of Plenty iwi, including some of the individuals listed in the arrest warrant. 15
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Ng¯ati Tuwharetoa (Bay of Plenty) Claims Settlement Bill

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