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High dynamic range rendering 61 way to render HDR in video games. Shader Model 4.0 is a feature of DirectX 10, which has been released with Windows Vista. Shader Model 4.0 will allow for 128-bit HDR rendering, as opposed to 64-bit HDR in Shader Model 3.0 (although this is theoretically possible under Shader Model 3.0). Shader Model 5.0 is a feature in DirectX 11, On Windows Vista and Windows 7, it allows 6:1 compression of HDR textures, without noticeable loss, which is prevalent on previous versions of DirectX HDR texture compression techniques. Development of HDRR through OpenGL It is possible to develop HDRR through GLSL shader starting from OpenGL 1.4 onwards. GPUs that support HDRR This is a list of graphics processing units that may or can support HDRR. It is implied that because the minimum requirement for HDR rendering is Shader Model 2.0 (or in this case DirectX 9), any graphics card that supports Shader Model 2.0 can do HDR rendering. However, HDRR may greatly impact the performance of the software using it if the device is not sufficiently powerful. GPUs designed for games Shader Model 2 Compliant (Includes versions 2.0, 2.0a and 2.0b) From ATI R300 series: 9500, 9500 Pro, 9550, 9550 SE, 9600, 9600 SE, 9600 TX, 9600 AIW, 9600 Pro, 9600 XT, 9650, 9700, 9700 AIW, 9700 Pro, 9800, 9800 SE, 9800 AIW, 9800 Pro, 9800XT, X300, X300 SE, X550, X600 AIW, X600 Pro, X600 XT R420 series: X700, X700 Pro, X700 XT, X800, X800SE, X800 GT, X800 GTO, X800 Pro, X800 AIW, X800 XL, X800 XT, X800 XTPE, X850 Pro, X850 XT, X850 XTPE Radeon RS690: X1200 mobility From NVIDIA From S3 Graphics GeForce FX (includes PCX versions): 5100, 5200, 5200 SE/XT, 5200 Ultra, 5300, 5500, 5600, 5600 SE/XT, 5600 Ultra, 5700, 5700 VE, 5700 LE, 5700 Ultra, 5750, 5800, 5800 Ultra, 5900 5900 ZT, 5900 SE/XT, 5900 Ultra, 5950, 5950 Ultra Delta Chrome: S4, S4 Pro, S8, S8 Nitro, F1, F1 Pole Gamma Chrome: S18 Pro, S18 Ultra, S25, S27 From SiS Xabre: Xabre II From XGI Volari: V3 XT, V5, V5, V8, V8 Ultra, Duo V5 Ultra, Duo V8 Ultra, 8300, 8600, 8600 XT Shader Model 3.0 Compliant From ATI R520 series: X1300 HyperMemory Edition, X1300, X1300 Pro, X1600 Pro, X1600 XT, X1650 Pro, X1650 XT, X1800 GTO, X1800 XL AIW, X1800 XL, X1800 XT, X1900 AIW, X1900 GT, X1900 XT, X1900 XTX, X1950 Pro, X1950 XT, X1950 XTX, Xenos (Xbox 360) From NVIDIA GeForce 6: 6100, 6150, 6200 LE, 6200, 6200 TC, 6250, 6500, 6600, 6600 LE, 6600 DDR2, 6600 GT, 6610 XL, 6700 XL, 6800, 6800 LE, 6800 XT, 6800 GS, 6800 GTO, 6800 GT, 6800 Ultra, 6800 Ultra Extreme GeForce 7: 7300 LE, 7300 GS, 7300 GT, 7600 GS, 7600 GT, 7800 GS, 7800 GT, 7800 GTX, 7800 GTX 512MB, 7900 GS, 7900 GT, 7950 GT, 7900 GTO, 7900 GTX, 7900 GX2, 7950 GX2, 7950 GT, RSX (PlayStation 3) Shader Model 4.0/4.1* Compliant From ATI R600 series: [14] HD 2900 XT, HD 2900 Pro, HD 2900 GT, HD 2600 XT, HD 2600 Pro, HD 2400 XT, HD 2400 Pro, HD 2350, HD 3870*, HD 3850*, HD 3650*, HD 3470*, HD 3450*, HD 3870 X2* R700 series: [15] HD 4870 X2, HD 4890, HD 4870*, HD4850*, HD 4670*, HD 4650* From NVIDIA GeForce 8: [16] 8800 Ultra, 8800 GTX, 8800 GT, 8800 GTS, 8800GTS 512MB, 8800GS, 8600 GTS, 8600 GT, 8600M GS, 8600M GT, 8500 GT, 8400 GS, 8300 GS, 8300 GT, 8300 GeForce 9 Series: [17] 9800 GX2, 9800 GTX (+), 9800 GT, 9600 GT, 9600 GSO, 9500 GT, 9400 GT, 9300 GT, 9300 GS, 9200 GT GeForce 200 Series: [18] GTX 295, GTX 285, GTX 280, GTX 275, GTX 260, GTS 250, GTS240, GT240*, GT220* Shader Model 5.0 Compliant
High dynamic range rendering 62 From ATI R800 Series: [19] HD 5750, HD 5770, HD 5850, HD 5870, HD 5870 X2, HD 5970* R900 Series: [20] HD 6990, HD 6970, From NVIDIA HD 6950, HD 6870, HD 6850, HD 6770, HD 6750, HD 6670, HD 6570, HD 6450 GeForce 400 Series: [21] GTX 480, GTX 475, GTX 470, GTX 465, GTX 460 GeForce 500 Series: [22] GTX 590, GTX 580, GTX 570, GTX 560 Ti, GTX 550 Ti GPUs designed for workstations Shader Model 2 Compliant (Includes versions 2.0, 2.0a and 2.0b) From ATI FireGL: Z1-128, T2-128, X1-128, X2-256, X2-256t, V3100, V3200, X3-256, V5000, V5100, V7100 From NVIDIA Quadro FX: 330, 500, 600, 700, 1000, 1100, 1300, 2000, 3000 Shader Model 3.0 Compliant From ATI FireGL: V7300, V7350 From NVIDIA Quadro FX: 350, 540, 550, 560, 1400, 1500, 3400, 3450, 3500, 4000, 4400, 4500, 4500SDI, 4500 X2, 5500, 5500SDI From 3Dlabs Wildcat Realizm: 100, 200, 500, 800 Video games and HDR rendering With the release of the seventh generation video game consoles, and the decrease of price of capable graphics cards such as the GeForce 6, 7, and Radeon X1000 series, HDR rendering started to become a standard feature in many games in late 2006. Options may exist to turn the feature on or off, as it is stressful for graphics cards to process. However, certain lighting styles may not benefit from HDR as much, for example, in games containing predominantly dark scenery (or, likewise, predominantly bright scenery), and thus such games may not include HDR in order to boost performance. Game Engines that Support HDR Rendering • Unreal Engine 3 [23] • Source [24] • CryEngine [25] , CryEngine 2 [26] , CryEngine 3 • Dunia Engine • Gamebryo • Unity (game engine) • id Tech 5 • Lithtech • Unigine [27] References [1] Simon Green and Cem Cebenoyan (2004). "High Dynamic Range Rendering (on the GeForce 6800)" (http:/ / download. nvidia. com/ developer/ presentations/ 2004/ 6800_Leagues/ 6800_Leagues_HDR. pdf) (PDF). GeForce 6 Series. nVidia. pp. 3. . [2] Reinhard, Erik; Greg Ward, Sumanta Pattanaik, Paul Debevec (August 2005). High Dynamic Range Imaging: Acquisition, Display, and Image-Based Lighting. Westport, Connecticut: Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 0125852630. [3] Greg Ward. "High Dynamic Range Imaging" (http:/ / www. anyhere. com/ gward/ papers/ cic01. pdf). . Retrieved 18 August 2009. [4] Eihachiro Nakamae; Kazufumi Kaneda, Takashi Okamoto, Tomoyuki Nishita (1990). "A lighting model aiming at drive simulators" (http:/ / doi. acm. org/ 10. 1145/ 97879. 97922). Siggraph: 395. doi:10.1145/97879.97922. . [5] Greg Spencer; Peter Shirley, Kurt Zimmerman, Donald P. Greenberg (1995). "Physically-based glare effects for digital images" (http:/ / doi. acm. org/ 10. 1145/ 218380. 218466). Siggraph: 325. doi:10.1145/218380.218466. . [6] Paul E. Debevec and Jitendra Malik (1997). "Recovering high dynamic range radiance maps from photographs" (http:/ / www. debevec. org/ Research/ HDR). Siggraph. .
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3D Rendering PDF generated using th
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Image-based lighting 64 Image plane
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References Article Sources and Cont
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3D rendering 2 Non real-time Animat
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3D rendering 4 The shaded three-dim
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Ambient occlusion 6 ambient occlusi
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Ambient occlusion 8 • ShadeVis (h
Page 15 and 16: Anisotropic filtering 10 will only
Page 17 and 18: Beam tracing 12 Beam tracing Beam t
Page 19 and 20: Bilinear filtering 14 Are all true.
Page 21 and 22: Binary space partitioning 16 togeth
Page 23 and 24: Binary space partitioning 18 Other
Page 25 and 26: Binary space partitioning 20 [1] Bi
Page 27 and 28: Bounding interval hierarchy 22 Prop
Page 29 and 30: Bounding volume 24 bounding boxes b
Page 31 and 32: Bump mapping 26 Bump mapping Bump m
Page 33 and 34: CatmullClark subdivision surface 28
Page 35 and 36: CatmullClark subdivision surface 30
Page 37 and 38: Conversion between quaternions and
Page 39 and 40: Cube mapping 34 Advantages Cube map
Page 41 and 42: Cube mapping 36 Related A large set
Page 43 and 44: Diffuse reflection 38 2), or, of co
Page 45 and 46: Displacement mapping 40 Meaning of
Page 47 and 48: DooSabin subdivision surface 42 Ext
Page 49 and 50: False radiosity 44 False radiosity
Page 51 and 52: Geometry pipelines 46 Geometry pipe
Page 53 and 54: Global illumination 48 Rendering wi
Page 55 and 56: Gouraud shading 50 Gouraud shading
Page 57 and 58: Graphics pipeline 52 Graphics pipel
Page 59 and 60: Graphics pipeline 54 References 1.
Page 61 and 62: Hidden surface determination 56 imp
Page 63 and 64: High dynamic range rendering 58 Hig
Page 65: High dynamic range rendering 60 Ton
Page 69 and 70: High dynamic range rendering 64 •
Page 71 and 72: Irregular Z-buffer 66 Applications
Page 73 and 74: Lambert's cosine law 68 than would
Page 75 and 76: Lambertian reflectance 70 Lambertia
Page 77 and 78: Level of detail 72 Well known appro
Page 79 and 80: Level of detail 74 Hierarchical LOD
Page 81 and 82: Newell's algorithm 76 Newell's algo
Page 83 and 84: Non-uniform rational B-spline 78 Us
Page 85 and 86: Non-uniform rational B-spline 80 of
Page 87 and 88: Non-uniform rational B-spline 82 ar
Page 89 and 90: Non-uniform rational B-spline 84 Ex
Page 91 and 92: Normal mapping 86 How it works To c
Page 93 and 94: OrenNayar reflectance model 88 Oren
Page 95 and 96: OrenNayar reflectance model 90 , ,
Page 97 and 98: Painter's algorithm 92 The algorith
Page 99 and 100: Parallax mapping 94 • Parallax Ma
Page 101 and 102: Particle system 96 A cube emitting
Page 103 and 104: Path tracing 98 History Further inf
Page 105 and 106: Path tracing 100 Scattering distrib
Page 107 and 108: Phong reflection model 102 Visual i
Page 109 and 110: Phong reflection model 104 Because
Page 111 and 112: Phong shading 106 Visual illustrati
Page 113 and 114: Photon mapping 108 Rendering (2nd p
Page 115 and 116: Photon tracing 110 Advantages and d
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Potentially visible set 112 • Can
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Potentially visible set 114 Externa
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Procedural generation 116 increases
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Procedural generation 118 • Softi
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Procedural generation 120 Reference
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Procedural texture 122 Self-organiz
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Procedural texture 124 References [
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3D projection 126 The distance of t
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Quaternions and spatial rotation 12
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Radiosity 140 Overview of the radio
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Radiosity 142 This is sometimes kno
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Radiosity 144 References [1] " Mode
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Ray casting 146 the light will reac
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Ray tracing 148 Typically, each ray
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Ray tracing 150 independence of eac
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Ray tracing 152 On June 12, 2008 In
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Reflection 154 Reflection Reflectio
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Reflection 156 Glossy Reflection Fu
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Reflection mapping 158 Cube mapping
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Render Output unit 160 Render Outpu
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Rendering 162 • indirect illumina
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Rendering 164 Ray tracing Ray traci
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Rendering 166 Academic core The imp
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Rendering 168 • 1984 Distributed
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Retained mode 170 Retained mode In
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Scanline rendering 172 Comparison w
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Screen Space Ambient Occlusion 174
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Screen Space Ambient Occlusion 176
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Shadow mapping 178 Algorithm overvi
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Shadow mapping 180 Drawing the scen
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Shadow mapping 182 Further reading
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Shadow volume 184 There is also a p
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Shadow volume 186 The depth fail me
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Silhouette edge 188 Silhouette edge
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Specular highlight 190 Specular hig
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Specular highlight 192 normalized o
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Sphere mapping 194 Sphere mapping I
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Stencil codes 196 Stencil codes Ste
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Stencil codes 198 Stencils The shap
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Stencil codes 200 [7] Wellein, G et
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Subdivision surface 202 used a four
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Subsurface scattering 204 Subsurfac
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Subsurface scattering 206 External
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Surface normal 208 If a (possibly n
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Surface normal 210 Normal in geomet
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Texture filtering 212 Texture filte
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Texture mapping 214 Texture mapping
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Texture mapping 216 constant distan
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Texture synthesis 218 • Structure
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Texture synthesis 220 Pattern-based
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Texture synthesis 222 • Micro-tex
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UV mapping 224 A UV map can either
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Vertex 226 Polytope vertices are re
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Vertex Buffer Object 228 //Make the
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Vertex Buffer Object 230 GLuint sha
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Vertex Buffer Object 232 vertexes *
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Virtual actor 234 Virtual actor A v
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Virtual actor 236 exercises, and ev
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Volume rendering 238 Volume ray cas
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Volume rendering 240 Maximum intens
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Volume rendering 242 Image-based me
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Volumetric lighting 244 References
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Voxel 246 • Outcast, a game made
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Z-buffering 248 Z-buffering In comp
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Z-buffering 250 } } display COLOR a
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Z-fighting 252 Z-fighting Z-fightin
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Appendix 3D computer graphics softw
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3D computer graphics software 256
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3D computer graphics software 258
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3D computer graphics software 260 2
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Article Sources and Contributors 26
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Article Sources and Contributors 26
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contrib
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contrib
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