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Vertex Buffer Object 231 /* Read our shaders into the appropriate buffers */ vertexSource = filetobuf("exampleVertexShader.vert"); fragmentSource = filetobuf("exampleFragmentShader.frag"); /* Assign our handles a "name" to new shader objects */ vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER); fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); /* Associate the source code buffers with each handle */ glShaderSource(vertexShader, 1, (const GLchar**)&vertexSource, 0); glShaderSource(fragmentShader, 1, (const GLchar**)&fragmentSource, 0); /* Compile our shader objects */ glCompileShader(vertexShader); glCompileShader(fragmentShader); /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /*-------------------- Create shader program, attach shaders to it and then link it ---------------------*/ /* Assign our program handle a "name" */ shaderProgram = glCreateProgram(); /* Attach our shaders to our program */ glAttachShader(shaderProgram, vertexShader); glAttachShader(shaderProgram, fragmentShader); /* Bind attribute index 0 (shaderAtribute) to in_Position*/ /* "in_Position" will represent "data" array's contents in the vertex shader */ glBindAttribLocation(shaderProgram, shaderAtribute, "in_Position"); /* Link shader program*/ glLinkProgram(shaderProgram); /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* Set shader program as being actively used */ glUseProgram(shaderProgram); /* Set background colour to BLACK */ glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); /* Clear background with BLACK colour */ glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); /* Actually draw the triangle, giving the number of vertices provided by invoke glDrawArrays while telling that our data is a triangle and we want to draw 0-3
Vertex Buffer Object 232 vertexes */ glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); /*---------------------------------------------------------------*/ References [1] http:/ / www. opengl. org/ about/ arb/ [2] "GL_NV_vertex_array_range Whitepaper" (http:/ / developer. nvidia. com/ object/ Using_GL_NV_fence. html). . [3] "ATI_vertex_array_object" (http:/ / oss. sgi. com/ projects/ ogl-sample/ registry/ ATI/ vertex_array_object. txt). . [4] "OpenGL 2.1 function reference" (http:/ / www. opengl. org/ sdk/ docs/ man/ xhtml/ ). . [5] "OpenGL 3.3 function reference" (http:/ / www. opengl. org/ sdk/ docs/ man3/ ). . [6] "OpenGL 4.1 function reference" (http:/ / www. opengl. org/ sdk/ docs/ man4/ ). . External links • Vertex Buffer Object Whitepaper (http:/ / www. opengl. org/ registry/ specs/ ARB/ vertex_buffer_object. txt) Vertex normal In the geometry of computer <strong>graphics</strong>, a vertex normal at a vertex of a polyhedron is the normalized average of the surface normals of the faces that contain that vertex. The average can be weighted for example by the area of the face or it can be unweighted. Vertex normals are used in Gouraud shading, Phong shading and other lighting models. This produces much smoother results than flat shading; however, without some modifications, it cannot produce a sharp edge.
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3D Rendering PDF generated using th
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Image-based lighting 64 Image plane
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References Article Sources and Cont
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3D rendering 2 Non real-time Animat
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3D rendering 4 The shaded three-dim
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Ambient occlusion 6 ambient occlusi
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Ambient occlusion 8 • ShadeVis (h
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Anisotropic filtering 10 will only
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Beam tracing 12 Beam tracing Beam t
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Bilinear filtering 14 Are all true.
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Binary space partitioning 16 togeth
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Binary space partitioning 18 Other
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Binary space partitioning 20 [1] Bi
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Bounding interval hierarchy 22 Prop
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Bounding volume 24 bounding boxes b
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Bump mapping 26 Bump mapping Bump m
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CatmullClark subdivision surface 28
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CatmullClark subdivision surface 30
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Conversion between quaternions and
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Cube mapping 34 Advantages Cube map
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Cube mapping 36 Related A large set
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Diffuse reflection 38 2), or, of co
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Displacement mapping 40 Meaning of
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DooSabin subdivision surface 42 Ext
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False radiosity 44 False radiosity
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Geometry pipelines 46 Geometry pipe
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Global illumination 48 Rendering wi
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Gouraud shading 50 Gouraud shading
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Graphics pipeline 52 Graphics pipel
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Graphics pipeline 54 References 1.
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Hidden surface determination 56 imp
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High dynamic range rendering 58 Hig
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High dynamic range rendering 60 Ton
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High dynamic range rendering 62 Fro
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High dynamic range rendering 64 •
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Irregular Z-buffer 66 Applications
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Lambert's cosine law 68 than would
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Lambertian reflectance 70 Lambertia
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Level of detail 72 Well known appro
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Level of detail 74 Hierarchical LOD
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Newell's algorithm 76 Newell's algo
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Non-uniform rational B-spline 78 Us
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Non-uniform rational B-spline 80 of
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Non-uniform rational B-spline 82 ar
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Non-uniform rational B-spline 84 Ex
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Normal mapping 86 How it works To c
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OrenNayar reflectance model 88 Oren
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OrenNayar reflectance model 90 , ,
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Painter's algorithm 92 The algorith
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Parallax mapping 94 • Parallax Ma
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Particle system 96 A cube emitting
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Path tracing 98 History Further inf
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Path tracing 100 Scattering distrib
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Phong reflection model 102 Visual i
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Phong reflection model 104 Because
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Phong shading 106 Visual illustrati
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Photon mapping 108 Rendering (2nd p
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Photon tracing 110 Advantages and d
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Potentially visible set 112 • Can
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Potentially visible set 114 Externa
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Procedural generation 116 increases
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Procedural generation 118 • Softi
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Procedural generation 120 Reference
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Procedural texture 122 Self-organiz
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Procedural texture 124 References [
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3D projection 126 The distance of t
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Quaternions and spatial rotation 12
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Radiosity 140 Overview of the radio
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Radiosity 142 This is sometimes kno
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Radiosity 144 References [1] " Mode
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Ray casting 146 the light will reac
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Ray tracing 148 Typically, each ray
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Ray tracing 150 independence of eac
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Ray tracing 152 On June 12, 2008 In
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Reflection 154 Reflection Reflectio
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Reflection 156 Glossy Reflection Fu
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Reflection mapping 158 Cube mapping
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Render Output unit 160 Render Outpu
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Rendering 162 • indirect illumina
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Rendering 164 Ray tracing Ray traci
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Rendering 166 Academic core The imp
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Rendering 168 • 1984 Distributed
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Retained mode 170 Retained mode In
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Scanline rendering 172 Comparison w
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Screen Space Ambient Occlusion 174
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Screen Space Ambient Occlusion 176
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Shadow mapping 178 Algorithm overvi
Page 185 and 186: Shadow mapping 180 Drawing the scen
Page 187 and 188: Shadow mapping 182 Further reading
Page 189 and 190: Shadow volume 184 There is also a p
Page 191 and 192: Shadow volume 186 The depth fail me
Page 193 and 194: Silhouette edge 188 Silhouette edge
Page 195 and 196: Specular highlight 190 Specular hig
Page 197 and 198: Specular highlight 192 normalized o
Page 199 and 200: Sphere mapping 194 Sphere mapping I
Page 201 and 202: Stencil codes 196 Stencil codes Ste
Page 203 and 204: Stencil codes 198 Stencils The shap
Page 205 and 206: Stencil codes 200 [7] Wellein, G et
Page 207 and 208: Subdivision surface 202 used a four
Page 209 and 210: Subsurface scattering 204 Subsurfac
Page 211 and 212: Subsurface scattering 206 External
Page 213 and 214: Surface normal 208 If a (possibly n
Page 215 and 216: Surface normal 210 Normal in geomet
Page 217 and 218: Texture filtering 212 Texture filte
Page 219 and 220: Texture mapping 214 Texture mapping
Page 221 and 222: Texture mapping 216 constant distan
Page 223 and 224: Texture synthesis 218 • Structure
Page 225 and 226: Texture synthesis 220 Pattern-based
Page 227 and 228: Texture synthesis 222 • Micro-tex
Page 229 and 230: UV mapping 224 A UV map can either
Page 231 and 232: Vertex 226 Polytope vertices are re
Page 233 and 234: Vertex Buffer Object 228 //Make the
Page 235: Vertex Buffer Object 230 GLuint sha
Page 239 and 240: Virtual actor 234 Virtual actor A v
Page 241 and 242: Virtual actor 236 exercises, and ev
Page 243 and 244: Volume rendering 238 Volume ray cas
Page 245 and 246: Volume rendering 240 Maximum intens
Page 247 and 248: Volume rendering 242 Image-based me
Page 249 and 250: Volumetric lighting 244 References
Page 251 and 252: Voxel 246 • Outcast, a game made
Page 253 and 254: Z-buffering 248 Z-buffering In comp
Page 255 and 256: Z-buffering 250 } } display COLOR a
Page 257 and 258: Z-fighting 252 Z-fighting Z-fightin
Page 259 and 260: Appendix 3D computer graphics softw
Page 261 and 262: 3D computer graphics software 256
Page 263 and 264: 3D computer graphics software 258
Page 265 and 266: 3D computer graphics software 260 2
Page 267 and 268: Article Sources and Contributors 26
Page 269 and 270: Article Sources and Contributors 26
Page 271 and 272: Image Sources, Licenses and Contrib
Page 273 and 274: Image Sources, Licenses and Contrib
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