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Shadow volume 187 References [1] Crow, Franklin C: "Shadow Algorithms for Computer Graphics", Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '77 Proceedings), vol. 11, no. 2, 242-248. [2] Yen, Hun (2002-12-03). "The Theory of Stencil Shadow Volumes" (http:/ / www. gamedev. net/ reference/ articles/ article1873. asp). GameDev.net. . Retrieved 2010-09-12. [3] "Creative patents Carmack's reverse" (http:/ / techreport. com/ onearticle. x/ 7113). The Tech Report. 2004-07-29. . Retrieved 2010-09-12. [4] http:/ / v3. espacenet. com/ textdoc?DB=EPODOC& IDX=US6384822 [5] "Robust Shadow Volumes" (http:/ / developer. nvidia. com/ object/ robust_shadow_volumes. html). Developer.nvidia.com. . Retrieved 2010-09-12. [6] http:/ / developer. nvidia. com/ attach/ 6831 [7] http:/ / www. opengl. org/ registry/ specs/ EXT/ depth_bounds_test. txt [8] http:/ / www. terathon. com/ gdc_lengyel. ppt External links • The Theory of Stencil Shadow Volumes (http:/ / www. gamedev. net/ reference/ articles/ article1873. asp) • The Mechanics of Robust Stencil Shadows (http:/ / www. gamasutra. com/ features/ 20021011/ lengyel_01. htm) • An Introduction to Stencil Shadow Volumes (http:/ / www. devmaster. net/ articles/ shadow_volumes) • Shadow Mapping and Shadow Volumes (http:/ / www. devmaster. net/ articles/ shadow_techniques) • Stenciled Shadow Volumes in OpenGL (http:/ / www. 3ddrome. com/ articles/ shadowvolumes. php) • Volume shadow tutorial (http:/ / www. gamedev. net/ reference/ articles/ article2036. asp) • Fast shadow volumes (http:/ / developer. nvidia. com/ object/ fast_shadow_volumes. html) at NVIDIA • Robust shadow volumes (http:/ / developer. nvidia. com/ object/ robust_shadow_volumes. html) at NVIDIA • Advanced Stencil Shadow and Penumbral Wedge Rendering (http:/ / www. terathon. com/ gdc_lengyel. ppt) Regarding depth-fail patents • "Creative Pressures id Software With Patents" (http:/ / games. slashdot. org/ games/ 04/ 07/ 28/ 1529222. shtml). Slashdot. July 28, 2004. Retrieved 2006-05-16. • "Creative patents Carmack's reverse" (http:/ / techreport. com/ onearticle. x/ 7113). The Tech Report. July 29, 2004. Retrieved 2006-05-16. • "Creative gives background to Doom III shadow story" (http:/ / www. theinquirer. net/ ?article=17525). The Inquirer. July 29, 2004. Retrieved 2006-05-16.
Silhouette edge 188 Silhouette edge In computer <strong>graphics</strong>, a silhouette edge on a <strong>3D</strong> body projected onto a 2D plane (display plane) is the collection of points whose outwards surface normal is perpendicular to the view vector. Due to discontinuities in the surface normal, a silhouette edge is also an edge which separates a front facing face from a back facing face. Without loss of generality, this edge is usually chosen to be the closest one on a face, so that in parallel view this edge corresponds to the same one in a perspective view. Hence, if there is an edge between a front facing face and a side facing face, and another edge between a side facing face and back facing face, the closer one is chosen. The easy example is looking at a cube in the direction where the face normal is collinear with the view vector. The first type of silhouette edge is sometimes troublesome to handle because it does not necessarily correspond to a physical edge in the CAD model. The reason that this can be an issue is that a programmer might corrupt the original model by introducing the new silhouette edge into the problem. Also, given that the edge strongly depends upon the orientation of the model and view vector, this can introduce numerical instabilities into the algorithm (such as when a trick like dilution of precision is considered). Computation To determine the silhouette edge of an object, we first have to know the plane equation of all faces. Then, by examining the sign of the point-plane distance from the light-source to each face Using this result, we can determine if the face is front- or back facing. The silhouette edge(s) consist of all edges separating a front facing face from a back facing face. Similar Technique A convenient and practical implementation of front/back facing detection is to use the unit normal of the plane (which is commonly precomputed for lighting effects anyhow), then simply applying the dot product of the light position to the plane's unit normal and adding the D component of the plane equation (a scalar value): Note: The homogeneous coordinates, w and d, are not always needed for this computation. After doing this calculation, you may notice indicator is actually the signed distance from the plane to the light position. This distance indicator will be negative if it is behind the face, and positive if it is in front of the face. This is also the technique used in the 2002 SIGGRAPH paper, "Practical and Robust Stenciled Shadow Volumes for Hardware-Accelerated Rendering"
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3D Rendering PDF generated using th
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Image-based lighting 64 Image plane
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References Article Sources and Cont
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3D rendering 2 Non real-time Animat
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3D rendering 4 The shaded three-dim
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Ambient occlusion 6 ambient occlusi
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Ambient occlusion 8 • ShadeVis (h
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Anisotropic filtering 10 will only
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Beam tracing 12 Beam tracing Beam t
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Bilinear filtering 14 Are all true.
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Binary space partitioning 16 togeth
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Binary space partitioning 18 Other
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Binary space partitioning 20 [1] Bi
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Bounding interval hierarchy 22 Prop
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Bounding volume 24 bounding boxes b
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Bump mapping 26 Bump mapping Bump m
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CatmullClark subdivision surface 28
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CatmullClark subdivision surface 30
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Conversion between quaternions and
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Cube mapping 34 Advantages Cube map
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Cube mapping 36 Related A large set
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Diffuse reflection 38 2), or, of co
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Displacement mapping 40 Meaning of
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DooSabin subdivision surface 42 Ext
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False radiosity 44 False radiosity
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Geometry pipelines 46 Geometry pipe
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Global illumination 48 Rendering wi
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Gouraud shading 50 Gouraud shading
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Graphics pipeline 52 Graphics pipel
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Graphics pipeline 54 References 1.
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Hidden surface determination 56 imp
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High dynamic range rendering 58 Hig
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High dynamic range rendering 60 Ton
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High dynamic range rendering 62 Fro
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High dynamic range rendering 64 •
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Irregular Z-buffer 66 Applications
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Lambert's cosine law 68 than would
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Lambertian reflectance 70 Lambertia
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Level of detail 72 Well known appro
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Level of detail 74 Hierarchical LOD
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Newell's algorithm 76 Newell's algo
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Non-uniform rational B-spline 78 Us
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Non-uniform rational B-spline 80 of
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Non-uniform rational B-spline 82 ar
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Non-uniform rational B-spline 84 Ex
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Normal mapping 86 How it works To c
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OrenNayar reflectance model 88 Oren
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OrenNayar reflectance model 90 , ,
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Painter's algorithm 92 The algorith
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Parallax mapping 94 • Parallax Ma
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Particle system 96 A cube emitting
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Path tracing 98 History Further inf
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Path tracing 100 Scattering distrib
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Phong reflection model 102 Visual i
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Phong reflection model 104 Because
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Phong shading 106 Visual illustrati
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Photon mapping 108 Rendering (2nd p
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Photon tracing 110 Advantages and d
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Potentially visible set 112 • Can
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Potentially visible set 114 Externa
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Procedural generation 116 increases
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Procedural generation 118 • Softi
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Procedural generation 120 Reference
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Procedural texture 122 Self-organiz
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Procedural texture 124 References [
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3D projection 126 The distance of t
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Quaternions and spatial rotation 12
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Page 141 and 142: Quaternions and spatial rotation 13
Page 143 and 144: Quaternions and spatial rotation 13
Page 145 and 146: Radiosity 140 Overview of the radio
Page 147 and 148: Radiosity 142 This is sometimes kno
Page 149 and 150: Radiosity 144 References [1] " Mode
Page 151 and 152: Ray casting 146 the light will reac
Page 153 and 154: Ray tracing 148 Typically, each ray
Page 155 and 156: Ray tracing 150 independence of eac
Page 157 and 158: Ray tracing 152 On June 12, 2008 In
Page 159 and 160: Reflection 154 Reflection Reflectio
Page 161 and 162: Reflection 156 Glossy Reflection Fu
Page 163 and 164: Reflection mapping 158 Cube mapping
Page 165 and 166: Render Output unit 160 Render Outpu
Page 167 and 168: Rendering 162 • indirect illumina
Page 169 and 170: Rendering 164 Ray tracing Ray traci
Page 171 and 172: Rendering 166 Academic core The imp
Page 173 and 174: Rendering 168 • 1984 Distributed
Page 175 and 176: Retained mode 170 Retained mode In
Page 177 and 178: Scanline rendering 172 Comparison w
Page 179 and 180: Screen Space Ambient Occlusion 174
Page 181 and 182: Screen Space Ambient Occlusion 176
Page 183 and 184: Shadow mapping 178 Algorithm overvi
Page 185 and 186: Shadow mapping 180 Drawing the scen
Page 187 and 188: Shadow mapping 182 Further reading
Page 189 and 190: Shadow volume 184 There is also a p
Page 191: Shadow volume 186 The depth fail me
Page 195 and 196: Specular highlight 190 Specular hig
Page 197 and 198: Specular highlight 192 normalized o
Page 199 and 200: Sphere mapping 194 Sphere mapping I
Page 201 and 202: Stencil codes 196 Stencil codes Ste
Page 203 and 204: Stencil codes 198 Stencils The shap
Page 205 and 206: Stencil codes 200 [7] Wellein, G et
Page 207 and 208: Subdivision surface 202 used a four
Page 209 and 210: Subsurface scattering 204 Subsurfac
Page 211 and 212: Subsurface scattering 206 External
Page 213 and 214: Surface normal 208 If a (possibly n
Page 215 and 216: Surface normal 210 Normal in geomet
Page 217 and 218: Texture filtering 212 Texture filte
Page 219 and 220: Texture mapping 214 Texture mapping
Page 221 and 222: Texture mapping 216 constant distan
Page 223 and 224: Texture synthesis 218 • Structure
Page 225 and 226: Texture synthesis 220 Pattern-based
Page 227 and 228: Texture synthesis 222 • Micro-tex
Page 229 and 230: UV mapping 224 A UV map can either
Page 231 and 232: Vertex 226 Polytope vertices are re
Page 233 and 234: Vertex Buffer Object 228 //Make the
Page 235 and 236: Vertex Buffer Object 230 GLuint sha
Page 237 and 238: Vertex Buffer Object 232 vertexes *
Page 239 and 240: Virtual actor 234 Virtual actor A v
Page 241 and 242: Virtual actor 236 exercises, and ev
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Volume rendering 238 Volume ray cas
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Volume rendering 240 Maximum intens
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Volume rendering 242 Image-based me
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Volumetric lighting 244 References
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Voxel 246 • Outcast, a game made
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Z-buffering 248 Z-buffering In comp
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Z-buffering 250 } } display COLOR a
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Z-fighting 252 Z-fighting Z-fightin
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Appendix 3D computer graphics softw
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3D computer graphics software 256
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3D computer graphics software 258
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3D computer graphics software 260 2
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Article Sources and Contributors 26
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Article Sources and Contributors 26
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contrib
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contrib
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