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Procedural generation 119 • Majesty:The Fantasy Kingdom Sim (2000) - Uses procedural generation for all levels and scenarios. • Seven Kingdoms (1997) - Uses procedural generation for levels. • Xconq - an open source strategy game and game engine. • Minecraft - The game world is procedurally generated as the player explores it, with the full size possible stretching out to be nearly eight times the surface area of the Earth before running into technical limits. [12] • Frozen Synapse - Levels in single player are mostly randomly generated, with bits and pieces that are constant in every generation. Multiplayer maps are randomly generated. Skirmish maps are randomly generated, and allow the player to change the algorithm used. • Atom Zombie Smasher - Levels are generated randomly. Games with yet unknown genre • Subversion (TBA) - Uses procedural generation to create cities on a given terrain. Third-person shooters • Just Cause (2006) - Game area is over 250000 acres (1000 km 2 ), created procedurally Almost entirely procedural games • .kkrieger (2004) • Synth video game (2009) - 100% procedural <strong>graphics</strong> and levels Games with miscellaneous procedural effects • ToeJam & Earl (1991) - The random levels were procedurally generated. • The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind (2002) - Water effects are generated on the fly with procedural animation by the technique demonstrated in NVIDIA's "Water Interaction" demo. [13] • RoboBlitz (2006) for XBox360 live arcade and PC (Textures generated on the fly via ProFX) • Spore (2008) • Left 4 Dead (2008) - Certain events, item locations, and number of enemies are procedurally generated according to player statistics. • Borderlands (2009) - The weapons, items and some levels are procedurally generated based on individual players' current level. • Left 4 Dead 2 (2009) - Certain areas of maps are randomly generated and weather effects are dynamically altered based on current situation. • Star Trek Online (2010) - Star Trek Online procedurally generates new races, new objects, star systems and planets for exploration. The player can save the coordinates of a system they find, so that they can return or let other players find the system. • Terraria (2011) - Terraria procedurally generates a 2D landscape for the player to explore. • Invaders: Corruption (2010) - A free, procedurally generated arena-shooter
Procedural generation 120 References [1] "How does one get started with procedural generation?" (http:/ / stackoverflow. com/ questions/ 155069/ how-does-one-get-started-with-procedural-generation). stack overflow. . [2] Brian Eno (June 8, 1996). "A talk delivered in San Francisco, June 8, 1996" (http:/ / www. inmotionmagazine. com/ eno1. html). inmotion magazine. . Retrieved 2008-11-07. [3] Francis Spufford (October 18, 2003). "Masters of their universe" (http:/ / www. guardian. co. uk/ weekend/ story/ 0,3605,1064107,00. html). Guardian. . [4] http:/ / www. voxelogic. com [5] http:/ / www. procedural. com [6] http:/ / www. gamr7. com [7] http:/ / www. world-machine. com [8] http:/ / www. world-machine. com/ [9] Ian Bell's Text Elite Page (http:/ / www. iancgbell. clara. net/ elite/ text/ index. htm) [10] Jim Rossignol (February 24, 2009). "Interview: Codies on FUEL" (http:/ / www. rockpapershotgun. com/ 2009/ 02/ 24/ interview-codies-on-fuel/ ). rockpapershotgun.com. . Retrieved 2010-03-06. [11] http:/ / captive. atari. org/ Technical/ MapGen/ Introduction. php [12] http:/ / notch. tumblr. com/ post/ 458869117/ how-saving-and-loading-will-work-once-infinite-is-in [13] "NVIDIA Water Interaction Demo" (http:/ / http. download. nvidia. com/ developer/ SDK/ Individual_Samples/ 3d<strong>graphics</strong>_samples. html#WaterInteraction). NVIDIA. 2003. . Retrieved 2007-10-08. External links • The Future Of Content (http:/ / www. gamasutra. com/ php-bin/ news_index. php?story=5570) - Will Wright keynote on Spore & procedural generation at the Game Developers Conference 2005. (registration required to view video). • Darwinia (http:/ / www. darwinia. co. uk/ ) - development diary (http:/ / www. darwinia. co. uk/ extras/ development. html) procedural generation of terrains and trees. • Filter Forge tutorial at The Photoshop Roadmap (http:/ / www. photoshoproadmap. com/ Photoshop-blog/ 2006/ 08/ 30/ creating-a-wet-and-muddy-rocks-texture/ ) • Procedural Graphics - an introduction by in4k (http:/ / in4k. untergrund. net/ index. php?title=Procedural_Graphics_-_an_introduction) • Texturing & Modeling:A Procedural Approach (http:/ / cobweb. ecn. purdue. edu/ ~ebertd/ book2e. html) • Ken Perlin's Discussion of Perlin Noise (http:/ / www. noisemachine. com/ talk1/ ) • Weisstein, Eric W., " Elementary Cellular Automaton (http:/ / mathworld. wolfram. com/ ElementaryCellularAutomaton. html)" from MathWorld. • The HVox Engine: Procedural Volumetric Terrains on the Fly (2004) (http:/ / www. gpstraces. com/ sven/ HVox/ hvox. news. html) • Procedural Content Generation Wiki (http:/ / pcg. wikidot. com/ ): a community dedicated to documenting, analyzing, and discussing all forms of procedural content generation. • Procedural Trees and Procedural Fire in a Virtual World (http:/ / software. intel. com/ en-us/ articles/ procedural-trees-and-procedural-fire-in-a-virtual-world/ ): A white paper on creating procedural trees and procedural fire using the Intel Smoke framework • A Real-Time Procedural Universe (http:/ / www. gamasutra. com/ view/ feature/ 3098/ a_realtime_procedural_universe_. php) a tutorial on generating procedural planets in real-time
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3D Rendering PDF generated using th
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Image-based lighting 64 Image plane
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References Article Sources and Cont
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3D rendering 2 Non real-time Animat
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3D rendering 4 The shaded three-dim
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Ambient occlusion 6 ambient occlusi
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Ambient occlusion 8 • ShadeVis (h
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Anisotropic filtering 10 will only
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Beam tracing 12 Beam tracing Beam t
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Bilinear filtering 14 Are all true.
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Binary space partitioning 16 togeth
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Binary space partitioning 18 Other
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Binary space partitioning 20 [1] Bi
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Bounding interval hierarchy 22 Prop
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Bounding volume 24 bounding boxes b
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Bump mapping 26 Bump mapping Bump m
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CatmullClark subdivision surface 28
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CatmullClark subdivision surface 30
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Conversion between quaternions and
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Cube mapping 34 Advantages Cube map
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Cube mapping 36 Related A large set
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Diffuse reflection 38 2), or, of co
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Displacement mapping 40 Meaning of
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DooSabin subdivision surface 42 Ext
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False radiosity 44 False radiosity
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Geometry pipelines 46 Geometry pipe
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Global illumination 48 Rendering wi
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Gouraud shading 50 Gouraud shading
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Graphics pipeline 52 Graphics pipel
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Graphics pipeline 54 References 1.
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Hidden surface determination 56 imp
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High dynamic range rendering 58 Hig
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High dynamic range rendering 60 Ton
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High dynamic range rendering 62 Fro
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High dynamic range rendering 64 •
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Irregular Z-buffer 66 Applications
Page 73 and 74: Lambert's cosine law 68 than would
Page 75 and 76: Lambertian reflectance 70 Lambertia
Page 77 and 78: Level of detail 72 Well known appro
Page 79 and 80: Level of detail 74 Hierarchical LOD
Page 81 and 82: Newell's algorithm 76 Newell's algo
Page 83 and 84: Non-uniform rational B-spline 78 Us
Page 85 and 86: Non-uniform rational B-spline 80 of
Page 87 and 88: Non-uniform rational B-spline 82 ar
Page 89 and 90: Non-uniform rational B-spline 84 Ex
Page 91 and 92: Normal mapping 86 How it works To c
Page 93 and 94: OrenNayar reflectance model 88 Oren
Page 95 and 96: OrenNayar reflectance model 90 , ,
Page 97 and 98: Painter's algorithm 92 The algorith
Page 99 and 100: Parallax mapping 94 • Parallax Ma
Page 101 and 102: Particle system 96 A cube emitting
Page 103 and 104: Path tracing 98 History Further inf
Page 105 and 106: Path tracing 100 Scattering distrib
Page 107 and 108: Phong reflection model 102 Visual i
Page 109 and 110: Phong reflection model 104 Because
Page 111 and 112: Phong shading 106 Visual illustrati
Page 113 and 114: Photon mapping 108 Rendering (2nd p
Page 115 and 116: Photon tracing 110 Advantages and d
Page 117 and 118: Potentially visible set 112 • Can
Page 119 and 120: Potentially visible set 114 Externa
Page 121 and 122: Procedural generation 116 increases
Page 123: Procedural generation 118 • Softi
Page 127 and 128: Procedural texture 122 Self-organiz
Page 129 and 130: Procedural texture 124 References [
Page 131 and 132: 3D projection 126 The distance of t
Page 133 and 134: Quaternions and spatial rotation 12
Page 145 and 146: Radiosity 140 Overview of the radio
Page 147 and 148: Radiosity 142 This is sometimes kno
Page 149 and 150: Radiosity 144 References [1] " Mode
Page 151 and 152: Ray casting 146 the light will reac
Page 153 and 154: Ray tracing 148 Typically, each ray
Page 155 and 156: Ray tracing 150 independence of eac
Page 157 and 158: Ray tracing 152 On June 12, 2008 In
Page 159 and 160: Reflection 154 Reflection Reflectio
Page 161 and 162: Reflection 156 Glossy Reflection Fu
Page 163 and 164: Reflection mapping 158 Cube mapping
Page 165 and 166: Render Output unit 160 Render Outpu
Page 167 and 168: Rendering 162 • indirect illumina
Page 169 and 170: Rendering 164 Ray tracing Ray traci
Page 171 and 172: Rendering 166 Academic core The imp
Page 173 and 174: Rendering 168 • 1984 Distributed
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Retained mode 170 Retained mode In
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Scanline rendering 172 Comparison w
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Screen Space Ambient Occlusion 174
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Screen Space Ambient Occlusion 176
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Shadow mapping 178 Algorithm overvi
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Shadow mapping 180 Drawing the scen
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Shadow mapping 182 Further reading
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Shadow volume 184 There is also a p
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Shadow volume 186 The depth fail me
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Silhouette edge 188 Silhouette edge
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Specular highlight 190 Specular hig
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Specular highlight 192 normalized o
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Sphere mapping 194 Sphere mapping I
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Stencil codes 196 Stencil codes Ste
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Stencil codes 198 Stencils The shap
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Stencil codes 200 [7] Wellein, G et
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Subdivision surface 202 used a four
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Subsurface scattering 204 Subsurfac
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Subsurface scattering 206 External
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Surface normal 208 If a (possibly n
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Surface normal 210 Normal in geomet
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Texture filtering 212 Texture filte
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Texture mapping 214 Texture mapping
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Texture mapping 216 constant distan
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Texture synthesis 218 • Structure
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Texture synthesis 220 Pattern-based
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Texture synthesis 222 • Micro-tex
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UV mapping 224 A UV map can either
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Vertex 226 Polytope vertices are re
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Vertex Buffer Object 228 //Make the
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Vertex Buffer Object 230 GLuint sha
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Vertex Buffer Object 232 vertexes *
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Virtual actor 234 Virtual actor A v
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Virtual actor 236 exercises, and ev
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Volume rendering 238 Volume ray cas
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Volume rendering 240 Maximum intens
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Volume rendering 242 Image-based me
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Volumetric lighting 244 References
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Voxel 246 • Outcast, a game made
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Z-buffering 248 Z-buffering In comp
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Z-buffering 250 } } display COLOR a
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Z-fighting 252 Z-fighting Z-fightin
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Appendix 3D computer graphics softw
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3D computer graphics software 256
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3D computer graphics software 258
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3D computer graphics software 260 2
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Article Sources and Contributors 26
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Article Sources and Contributors 26
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contrib
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contrib
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