Digital Universe Guide - Hayden Planetarium

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42 3. THE MILKY WAY ATLAS rings will grow as you increase the luminosity scale factor. If you find the labels are fading from view or prefer a stronger color to the blue, you may change the label color by using the textcment command. Change the labels to a gray color by using the command textcment 1 .3 .3 .3 This changes color index 1 to a red-green-blue color of 0.3. Next we’ll see how many of these exoplanets have heard from us when we discuss the extent of Earth’s radio signals in space. Tutorial: Earth’s Radio Sphere Goals: Understand the relationship between light-travel time and distance in the <strong>Universe</strong>; see the extent of Earth’s radio signals in the Galaxy. Before starting, turn on: stars, mwVis, expl You will be using: radec, 1ly With the stars (stars group) and exoplanets (expl group) on, let’s turn on a marker showing where Earth’s earliest radio transmissions have reached in space. Turn on the equatorial coordinates (radec). From this perspective, this group no longer acts like a coordinate system but rather doubles as Earth’s radio sphere. The radio sphere shows the boundary of Earth’s radio signals beginning in the late 1930s and into the early 1940s, when radar, television carrier waves, and atomic testing started sending strong radio signals into space. Strong enough to pass through Earth’s ionosphere, these signals travel into interstellar space at the speed of light. A signal that left in 1940 is, as of 2012, 72 light-years away. The radio sphere then contains a history of Earth’s signals and implies what you likely know: looking out into space means you’re looking back in time. At 57 light-years away, we would detect the broadcast debut of The Honeymooners, and at 48 light-years, we would her the Beatles appearance on Ed Sullivan. With the radio sphere and the exoplanets on, it is now possible to see how many planetary systems have heard from us. How many do you count? Fly away from the radio sphere so that you see most of the stars. The radio sphere is the farthest extent of mankind’s presence in our Galaxy and the <strong>Universe</strong>, just 72 light-years from Earth. Turn on the 1,000-light-year grid, 1kly, and you begin to see just how small an influence we’ve had in the Galaxy. In the coming tutorials, we’ll explore how much larger the Galaxy is, but let’s start with the stars.
3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 43 3.2.3 The Stellar Catalog The stellar data set is among the richest in the Atlas, so it is worthy of our attention. In these tutorials, you will explore the different stellar populations in the Galaxy, get an estimate of the uncertainty in their distance, and discover how many more stars there are in the Galaxy whose distances are out of our reach. Tutorial: Stellar Data Variables Goals: Explore what data are available within the stellar data group. Before starting, turn on: stars, mwVis You will be using: datavar command Within the stellar catalog are numerous astronomical stories. Let’s begin by looking at the data variables available to you in the stars data group. Start the Milky Way Atlas and type the command datavar For any data group, this command reports all defined data variables. Data variables can be used to set brightness, size, and any other data attributes. Once you’ve issued the command, Partiview will report the following: datavar 0 BVcolor -0.63.. 2.057 mean 0.534[color] datavar 1 lum 0.00016.. 106732 mean 94.4331[lum] datavar 2 absmag -7.85.. 15.45 mean 1.96288 datavar 3 appmag -1.44.. 14.85 mean 8.23806 datavar 4 txno 1.. 1 mean 1 datavar 5 dist 4.22.. 16041.8 mean 850.625 datavar 6 dcalc 1.. 2 mean 1.5451 datavar 7 plx 0.64.. 772.33 mean 8.35486 datavar 8 plxerr 0.19.. 76.92 mean 24.7276 datavar 9 vx -7933.02.. 9534.59 mean -7.38226 datavar 10 vy -9991.64.. 1440.02 mean -13.366 datavar 11 vz -8979.18.. 3840.21 mean -5.44464 datavar 12 speed 0.. 11342.2 mean 40.9835 datavar 13 hipno -99.. 120402 mean 58981 These variables are discussed in the data group section on the stars. Briefly, each line is a data variable
Page 1 and 2: The Digital Universe Guide Brian Ab
Page 3 and 4: Contents Contents 3 List of Tables
Page 5 and 6: List of Tables 2.1 Log and Linear F
Page 7 and 8: 1.2. GETTING HELP 7 1.2 Getting Hel
Page 9 and 10: 1.5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9 1.5 Acknowle
Page 11 and 12: 2.2. LAUNCHING THE MILKY WAY ATLAS
Page 13 and 14: 2.3. LEARNING TO FLY PARTIVIEW 13 T
Page 15 and 16: 2.3. LEARNING TO FLY PARTIVIEW 15 M
Page 17 and 18: 2.4. PARTIVIEW’S USER INTERFACE 1
Page 23 and 24: 2.5. DIGITAL UNIVERSE FILES 23 File
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 95 old.
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 99 3.3.1
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 101 3.3.
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 103 heat
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 107 righ
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 141 this
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 143 Not
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4 The Extragalactic Atlas The word
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4.1. EXTRAGALACTIC ATLAS OVERVIEW 1
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4.2. EXTRAGALACTIC ATLAS TUTORIAL 1
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4.3. EXTRAGALACTIC DATA GROUPS 169
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4.4. OPTIMIZING THE EXTRAGALACTIC A
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Appendix A Light-Travel Time and Di
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Appendix B Parallax and Distance On
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absolute magnitude M, can be calcul
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discovered that there was a linear
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Appendix D Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Appendix E Constants and Units In a
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Metric Prefixes These prefixes are
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INDEX 221 center command, 50, 61 cl
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INDEX 223 Earth’s radio signals,
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INDEX 225 irregular galaxy, 147, 17
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INDEX 227 entering, 21 every, 206 j
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INDEX 229 stellar distance uncertai
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