Digital Universe Guide - Hayden Planetarium

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214 APPENDIX C. REDSHIFT AND DISTANCE Hubble’s Law do not apply at these great redshifts, where astronomers must use relativistic versions of the equations to account for the expanding <strong>Universe</strong>.
Appendix D Electromagnetic Spectrum The entirety of light, or radiation, in the <strong>Universe</strong> spans more than just the light we see with our eyes. This continuous range of light is called the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum and includes radiation at every frequency or wavelength. The EM spectrum has been broken into regions (see Table D.1) ranging from the highest-energy gamma rays to the lowest-energy radio waves. Table D.1 – Regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Ranges are expressed as wavelengths (in meters) and frequencies (in Hertz). The corresponding blackbody temperature is the average over the range (or the upper or lower limit) and is in Kelvin. Region Wavelengths (m) Frequencies (Hz) Temperature (K) Radio > 1 × 10 −1 < 3 × 10 9 < 0.029 Microwave 1 × 10 −3 to 1 × 10 −1 3 × 10 9 to 3 × 10 11 2.9 − 0.029 Infrared 7 × 10 −7 to 1 × 10 −3 3 × 10 11 to 4 × 10 14 4,140 − 2.9 Visible 4 × 10 −7 to 7 × 10 −7 4 × 10 14 to 7 × 10 14 7,245 − 4,140 Ultraviolet 1 × 10 −8 to 4 × 10 −7 7 × 10 14 to 3 × 10 16 290,000 − 7,245 X-ray 1 × 10 −11 to 1 × 10 −8 3 × 10 16 to 3 × 10 19 290,000,000 − 290,000 Gamma-ray < 1 × 10 −11 > 3 × 10 19 > 290,000,000 In addition to its usefulness in astronomy, each region of the EM spectrum is important for everyday uses as well. On the high-energy side of the EM spectrum, we use gamma rays to power nuclear reactors and for medical testing involving radioactive isotopes. In space we observe gamma-ray bursts. These result from a collision between a black hole and a neutron star and produce enough energy that 215
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The Digital Universe Guide Brian Ab
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Contents Contents 3 List of Tables
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List of Tables 2.1 Log and Linear F
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1.2. GETTING HELP 7 1.2 Getting Hel
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1.5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9 1.5 Acknowle
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2.2. LAUNCHING THE MILKY WAY ATLAS
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2.3. LEARNING TO FLY PARTIVIEW 13 T
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2.3. LEARNING TO FLY PARTIVIEW 15 M
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2.4. PARTIVIEW’S USER INTERFACE 1
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2.5. DIGITAL UNIVERSE FILES 23 File
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3.1. MILKY WAY ATLAS OVERVIEW 25 3.
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 27 3.
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 29 Wi
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 31 Yo
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 33 th
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 35 Op
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 39 co
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 41 li
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 45 In
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 47 No
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 49 Th
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 51 to
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 53 st
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 55 th
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 57 bi
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 59 in
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 63 mo
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 65 fa
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 67 Earth
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 69 Data
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 71 The l
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 73 3.3.3
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 77 If yo
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 79 lumin
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 83 Two p
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 85 expre
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 87 marke
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 89 brigh
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 93 inclu
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 95 old.
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 97 centi
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 101 3.3.
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 103 heat
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 107 righ
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 109 beyo
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 121 Othe
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 123 abou
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 125 Obje
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 141 this
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3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 143 Not
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4 The Extragalactic Atlas The word
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4.1. EXTRAGALACTIC ATLAS OVERVIEW 1
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4.2. EXTRAGALACTIC ATLAS TUTORIAL 1
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Page 163 and 164: 4.2. EXTRAGALACTIC ATLAS TUTORIAL 1
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Page 207 and 208: Appendix A Light-Travel Time and Di
Page 209 and 210: Appendix B Parallax and Distance On
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Page 217 and 218: Appendix E Constants and Units In a
Page 219 and 220: Metric Prefixes These prefixes are
Page 221 and 222: INDEX 221 center command, 50, 61 cl
Page 223 and 224: INDEX 223 Earth’s radio signals,
Page 225 and 226: INDEX 225 irregular galaxy, 147, 17
Page 227 and 228: INDEX 227 entering, 21 every, 206 j
Page 229: INDEX 229 stellar distance uncertai
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Digital Universe Guide - Hayden Planetarium

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