Digital Universe Guide - Hayden Planetarium

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116 3. THE MILKY WAY ATLAS Clouds.
3.3. MILKY WAY DATA GROUPS 117 3.3.25 IRAS Composite All-Sky Survey Group Name mwIRASc Reference IRAS Sky Survey Atlas Explanatory Supplement (Wheelock, S. L., et al. 1994) Prepared by Carter Emmart (AMNH/<strong>Hayden</strong>) Labels No Files mw-iras.speck Dependencies iras.sgi Wavelength Composite of 12, 60, and 100 microns Frequency Composite of 25,000, 5,000, and 3,000 GHz IRAS (InfraRed Astronomy Satellite) was one of the most successful astronomical missions, increasing the number of known cataloged objects by 70%. The orbiting telescope observed in the mid- and far infrared at 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns. This all-sky survey is a composite of the 12, 60, and 100 micron observations. (More information on IRAS can be found in “Far Infrared Survey.”) Because heat is infrared radiation, it was necessary to cool the telescope to temperatures below 10 Kelvin (−440 ◦ F). This cooling was achieved with liquid helium; however, the coolant ran out a little early, causing the detector to become saturated by the telescope’s own heat. These “missed orbits” are seen in this all-sky image as two slits of missing data. Astronomers have since filled in these regions with other data, but we leave the empty regions in this composite survey to preserve the original IRAS data. Image Features The most obvious feature in the IRAS all-sky is the missing data from those lost orbits (discussed above). Another, more subtle artifact is present as two purple bands running perpendicular to the swaths of missing data. If you turn on the ecliptic coordinates, you will notice that these purple bands are along the ecliptic, which marks the plane of our solar system. These bands result from the subtraction of the zodiacal light. The plane of the solar system is filled with particulate matter, dust grains that absorb sunlight and radiate in the infrared. In order to see the infrared light from the Galaxy, astronomers subtracted the light from within our solar system, producing these two bands. Toward Galactic center in Sagittarius, the infrared light is tightly constrained to the Galactic plane. In the opposite side of the sky near Orion, the infrared light seems to break up, becoming more clumpy. Here we are looking away from the center of the Galaxy. Some objects glow in this part of the sky, though. The Orion Nebula and the Rosette Nebula, two
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The Digital Universe Guide Brian Ab
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Contents Contents 3 List of Tables
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List of Tables 2.1 Log and Linear F
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1.2. GETTING HELP 7 1.2 Getting Hel
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1.5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 9 1.5 Acknowle
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2.2. LAUNCHING THE MILKY WAY ATLAS
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2.3. LEARNING TO FLY PARTIVIEW 13 T
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2.3. LEARNING TO FLY PARTIVIEW 15 M
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2.4. PARTIVIEW’S USER INTERFACE 1
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2.5. DIGITAL UNIVERSE FILES 23 File
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3.1. MILKY WAY ATLAS OVERVIEW 25 3.
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 27 3.
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 29 Wi
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 41 li
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 45 In
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 47 No
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 49 Th
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 51 to
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 57 bi
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 59 in
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3.2. MILKY WAY ATLAS TUTORIAL 63 mo
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Page 145 and 146: 4 The Extragalactic Atlas The word
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4.2. EXTRAGALACTIC ATLAS TUTORIAL 1
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4.3. EXTRAGALACTIC DATA GROUPS 169
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4.4. OPTIMIZING THE EXTRAGALACTIC A
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Appendix A Light-Travel Time and Di
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Appendix B Parallax and Distance On
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absolute magnitude M, can be calcul
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discovered that there was a linear
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Appendix D Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Appendix E Constants and Units In a
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Metric Prefixes These prefixes are
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INDEX 221 center command, 50, 61 cl
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INDEX 223 Earth’s radio signals,
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INDEX 225 irregular galaxy, 147, 17
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INDEX 227 entering, 21 every, 206 j
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INDEX 229 stellar distance uncertai
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Digital Universe Guide - Hayden Planetarium

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