Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository
Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository
embedded in a source text. His frame of reference is the external world. He conjures up his message and places it in a relevant political, economic, or social context in order to get it across to his readership. To be able to interpret a message embedded in a caricature, one must place it against an appropriate frame of reference. The philosopher's notion of reference is usually taken to hold between an expression and some portion of reality. To be certain of reference entails being certain of what really exists. A more liberal view of the notion of reference allows us to talk about existent and non-existent objects or persons, actions or events which we suppose to exist, or have existed in history, outside the boundaries of the text. The caricaturist draws upon the infinite potentialities of reference in his persistent endeavour to trigger his self-constructed message. Though it encompasses a message projected in linear form, a caricature is not a translation. It is a self- explanatory comment on or a criticism of a specific social, political or economic situation. A paraphrase is a mode of expression which applies to literary or creative writing, particularly poetic and dramatic texts. It is an intralingual or interlingual exercise in which the content of the original text is sufficiently foregrounded. A poem, for instance is paraphrased in simple-:, unidiomatic, more straightforward langauge for the sake of easy comprehension. Works of famous poets and dramatists have been paraphrased to serve pedagogical, instructional and review 80
purposes. The transfer operation focuses mainly on the idea, concept, or thesis. Precis, caricature, and paraphrase are forms of language use wherein content information is minimized, epitomized or maximized respectively. To none, traditional transnational norms can be applied; hence they do not deserve to be considered translation proper. The interpretative approach to translation is an offshoot of structuralism and semiotics. Structuralists and semioticians concentrate on the text's 'readability' which consists in analysing the multiple codes and conventions which render the text readable. The aim of 'structuralist activity' is not to assign 'full meanings' to words or word combinations but to understand how meaning is extractable and at what price and along what tracks. The structuralist, however, does not interpret a work; he describes it in such a way as to make its functioning rules, systems, and subs-systems manifest. structuralist's aim is to make the work 'intelligible' by making it 'readable' through indulgence in purely 'descriptive' analysis. The interpretative approach gave rise to different translation models, most importantly are the text-typological model, the hermeneutic model, and the rhetorical model. The I shall discuss each model in detail, placing it in an appropriate critical perspective. 81
- Page 41 and 42: in various ways according to the ma
- Page 43 and 44: Roman Jakobson adds another three f
- Page 45 and 46: The communicative approach, of whic
- Page 47 and 48: claims, "free from the formal conta
- Page 49 and 50: to a certain system, to another sem
- Page 51 and 52: (3) RECEPTORS The author of a text
- Page 53 and 54: Messages are linguistically set to
- Page 55 and 56: p192) In immediate interpersonal co
- Page 57 and 58: concerning the communication situat
- Page 59 and 60: level of the individual sentence? B
- Page 61 and 62: In Europe, the linguistic analysis
- Page 63 and 64: demarcation lines between a sentenc
- Page 65 and 66: conditioned by the author's state o
- Page 67 and 68: elevant issues encountered in text-
- Page 69 and 70: features or goals with other texts
- Page 71 and 72: the source text, a step which comes
- Page 73 and 74: and confusing to obscure these diff
- Page 75 and 76: Translation is a relational concept
- Page 77 and 78: other replacement except what gramm
- Page 79 and 80: intersemiotic - springs from and po
- Page 81 and 82: the grammars of both SL and TL text
- Page 83 and 84: unbridgeable. Strategies to bridge
- Page 85 and 86: Moreover, the ability of both child
- Page 87 and 88: he understands the cultural pattern
- Page 89 and 90: to translation is unilaterally mean
- Page 91: to be considered translations? Is a
- Page 95 and 96: In political discourses, however, p
- Page 97 and 98: language. Translations of medical,
- Page 99 and 100: are pragmatically a single text but
- Page 101 and 102: and 'relations' in terms of non-eva
- Page 103 and 104: dependent layers of pragmatic, semi
- Page 105 and 106: What matters more is the ways and m
- Page 107 and 108: (texte) is open, mobile, vibrating
- Page 109 and 110: Post-war linguists shifted their fo
- Page 111 and 112: personalities. He attributed this c
- Page 113 and 114: is interpretable form its language,
- Page 115 and 116: potential' of the source text be pr
- Page 117 and 118: Hatim's arbitrary distinction betwe
- Page 119 and 120: accessory meaning structures. Oblig
- Page 121 and 122: semantics and the speech act theory
- Page 123 and 124: Premised on a rigorous committment
- Page 125 and 126: implemented, will help him achieve
- Page 127 and 128: etween the translator as TL text-or
- Page 129 and 130: The rhetorical model sets out to re
- Page 131 and 132: SL text will have to be dismantled
- Page 133 and 134: consists of two words: 'istaktabtuh
- Page 135 and 136: The question of tense, which marks
- Page 137 and 138: B. SYNTACTIC CORRESPONDENCE Anyone
- Page 139 and 140: specific clause type in the recepto
- Page 141 and 142: lexical items in any language devel
purposes. The transfer operation focuses mainly on the idea, concept,<br />
or thesis.<br />
Precis, caricature, and paraphrase are forms <strong>of</strong> language use<br />
wherein content information is minimized, epitomized or maximized<br />
respectively.<br />
To none, traditional transnational norms can be<br />
applied; hence they do not deserve to be considered translation<br />
proper.<br />
The interpretative approach to translation is an <strong>of</strong>fshoot <strong>of</strong><br />
structuralism and semiotics.<br />
Structuralists and semioticians<br />
concentrate on the text's 'readability' which consists in analysing<br />
the multiple codes and conventions which render the text readable.<br />
The aim <strong>of</strong> 'structuralist activity' is not to assign 'full meanings' to<br />
words or word combinations but to understand how meaning is extractable<br />
and at what price and along what tracks. The structuralist, however,<br />
does not interpret a work; he describes it in such a way as to make its<br />
functioning rules, systems, and subs-systems manifest.<br />
structuralist's aim is to make the work 'intelligible' by making it<br />
'readable' through indulgence in purely 'descriptive' analysis.<br />
The interpretative approach gave rise to different translation<br />
models, most importantly are the text-typological model, the<br />
hermeneutic model, and the rhetorical model.<br />
The<br />
I shall discuss each<br />
model in detail, placing it in an appropriate critical perspective.<br />
81
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