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Roman Jakobson adds another three functions to Buhler's and fits
the six in a schema of verbal communication. Juliane House (1977,
p33) presents a detailed account of Jakobson's langauge model. She
writes:
"The addresser sends a message to the addressee: the message
requires a context (extralinguistic world) referred to by the
addresser, a code at least partially in common to addresser and
addressee, and a contact, a physical cannel or psychological
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connection between the addresser and addressee. From
orientation towards addresser, addressee, or context, Jakobson
derives the three functions already mentioned in Buhler. From
an orientation towards contact, Jakobson derives a pathic
function - this function is predominant if the message has the
predominant purpose of establishing, prolonging, or
discontinuing communication. When speech is focused on the
code, it has a metalingual function. Strictly speaking,
another level of language, metalanguage, ie. communication
about language, is being employed whenever the metalingual
function is being employed. The poetic function in Jakobson's
model consists of a focussing on the message for its own sake.
Though more elaborate than B ghler's, Jakobson's model admittedly
upholds the dichotomy between the primary referential function and the
secondary non-referential functions of language.
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