Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository
Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository
assigned to the referents In the emotive use of language the character of the attitude aroused in the addressee is of prime importance. The symbolic use of language clearly manifests itself in scientific and documentary texts where the truth values assigned to language 'symbols' are clear-cut, unequivocal, and ascertainable. In literary texts, especially in poetry, the emotive use of language is domineering. Karl BUhler (1965, pp28-32) distinguishes three basic functions of language, each linked to the three variables in his 'organon model of language'. The three functions are: (1) the representational or referential function, which is linked to objects and relations in the real world; (2) the emotive-expressive function, which is linked to the speaker/writer of the message; and (3) the conative function which relates to the receiver of the message. Baler's three basic functions of language echo Ogden and Richard's except that Baler's are more economical and less overlapping. The three variables in Baler's model are the message-sender, the message, and the message-receiver. The message, or rather the linguistic expression of it, is determined by the physical and non-physical referents and the truth values assigned to them. The effectiveness of the message rests solely on the objects and relations existing in the real world, the message-sender's attitude towards them, and his attitude towards the receiver of the message. The representational-referential and the emotive-expressive functions of language are significantly conducive to the effectiveness of the message. 30
Roman Jakobson adds another three functions to Buhler's and fits the six in a schema of verbal communication. Juliane House (1977, p33) presents a detailed account of Jakobson's langauge model. She writes: "The addresser sends a message to the addressee: the message requires a context (extralinguistic world) referred to by the addresser, a code at least partially in common to addresser and addressee, and a contact, a physical cannel or psychological X connection between the addresser and addressee. From orientation towards addresser, addressee, or context, Jakobson derives the three functions already mentioned in Buhler. From an orientation towards contact, Jakobson derives a pathic function - this function is predominant if the message has the predominant purpose of establishing, prolonging, or discontinuing communication. When speech is focused on the code, it has a metalingual function. Strictly speaking, another level of language, metalanguage, ie. communication about language, is being employed whenever the metalingual function is being employed. The poetic function in Jakobson's model consists of a focussing on the message for its own sake. Though more elaborate than B ghler's, Jakobson's model admittedly upholds the dichotomy between the primary referential function and the secondary non-referential functions of language. 31
- Page 1 and 2: TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT AN A
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- Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT Translation quality assess
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- Page 13 and 14: PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS CHAPTER
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- Page 31 and 32: Neubert goes on to discuss the ways
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- Page 41: in various ways according to the ma
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- Page 49 and 50: to a certain system, to another sem
- Page 51 and 52: (3) RECEPTORS The author of a text
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assigned to the referents In the emotive use <strong>of</strong> language the<br />
character <strong>of</strong> the attitude aroused in the addressee is <strong>of</strong> prime<br />
importance. The symbolic use <strong>of</strong> language clearly manifests itself in<br />
scientific and documentary texts where the truth values assigned to<br />
language 'symbols' are clear-cut, unequivocal, and ascertainable. In<br />
literary texts, especially in poetry, the emotive use <strong>of</strong> language is<br />
domineering.<br />
Karl BUhler (1965, pp28-32) distinguishes three basic functions <strong>of</strong><br />
language, each linked to the three variables in his 'organon model <strong>of</strong><br />
language'. The three functions are: (1) the representational or<br />
referential function, which is linked to objects and relations in the<br />
real world; (2) the emotive-expressive function, which is linked to the<br />
speaker/writer <strong>of</strong> the message; and (3) the conative function which<br />
relates to the receiver <strong>of</strong> the message. Baler's three basic functions<br />
<strong>of</strong> language echo Ogden and Richard's except that Baler's are more<br />
economical and less overlapping. The three variables in Baler's model<br />
are the message-sender, the message, and the message-receiver. The<br />
message, or rather the linguistic expression <strong>of</strong> it, is determined by<br />
the physical and non-physical referents and the truth values assigned<br />
to them. The effectiveness <strong>of</strong> the message rests solely on the objects<br />
and relations existing in the real world, the message-sender's attitude<br />
towards them, and his attitude towards the receiver <strong>of</strong> the message.<br />
The representational-referential and the emotive-expressive functions<br />
<strong>of</strong> language are significantly conducive to the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> the<br />
message.<br />
30