Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository
Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository
treatment of cancer. Difficulties with the method however, are that many tumours have tumour-specific antigens and that it is very difficult to obtain large quantities of pure human tumour cells for the vaccines. It is likely that a different tumour vaccine would be needed for the treatment of each specific tumour. The last form of treatment that will be discussed is the experimental method of bone marrow transplant. This method is used experimentally to treat certain terminal cases of leukemia. Leukemia is a disease in which certain white blood cells are produced in massive numbers by the bone marrow. If the bone marrow producing these leukemia cells is destroyed, leukemia should be cured. The catch is that white blood cells are also essential to fight disease. Bone marrow transplants involve destruction of the patient's bone marrow with strong whole body radiation treatment. Leukemia cell forming tissue is destroyed. Then healthy bone marrow removed with a syringe from an identical twin or a person with an identical tissue type is inoculated into the bones of the patient. This marrow colonizes the bones and begins producing normal white blood cells. This method is very drastic because the patient is subjected to high radiation doses that can have severe effects. Also, such transplants can only be made between identical twins or between other persons who share identical tissue types, with the presence of similar antigens on the surfaces of the body cells. If the tissue types are not identical, one may observe the 'gratt versus host' reaction in which the new white blood cells produced by the marrow transplant recognize the rest of the body as 27 6
foreign and begin to destroy it. This rejection reaction is similar to the rejection of a heart or kidney transplant. In this case, however, the transplanted cells destroy the host's body rather than the host's white blood cells destroying the transplanted kidney or heart. Many cancers are curable by conventional techniques. New experimental techniques such as immunotherapy and bone marrow transplants and better diagnostic methods offer new hopes for the future. We will turn to the cellular aspects of cancer now that we have a broad understanding of the many aspects of the disease. 277
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treatment <strong>of</strong> cancer. Difficulties with the method however, are that<br />
many tumours have tumour-specific antigens and that it is very<br />
difficult to obtain large quantities <strong>of</strong> pure human tumour cells for<br />
the vaccines. It is likely that a different tumour vaccine would be<br />
needed for the treatment <strong>of</strong> each specific tumour.<br />
The last form <strong>of</strong> treatment that will be discussed is the<br />
experimental method <strong>of</strong> bone marrow transplant. This method is used<br />
experimentally to treat certain terminal cases <strong>of</strong> leukemia. Leukemia<br />
is a disease in which certain white blood cells are produced in massive<br />
numbers by the bone marrow. If the bone marrow producing these<br />
leukemia cells is destroyed, leukemia should be cured. The catch is<br />
that white blood cells are also essential to fight disease. Bone<br />
marrow transplants involve destruction <strong>of</strong> the patient's bone marrow<br />
with strong whole body radiation treatment. Leukemia cell forming<br />
tissue is destroyed. Then healthy bone marrow removed with a syringe<br />
from an identical twin or a person with an identical tissue type is<br />
inoculated into the bones <strong>of</strong> the patient. This marrow colonizes the<br />
bones and begins producing normal white blood cells. This method is<br />
very drastic because the patient is subjected to high radiation doses<br />
that can have severe effects. Also, such transplants can only be made<br />
between identical twins or between other persons who share identical<br />
tissue types, with the presence <strong>of</strong> similar antigens on the surfaces <strong>of</strong><br />
the body cells. If the tissue types are not identical, one may observe<br />
the 'gratt versus host' reaction in which the new white blood cells<br />
produced by the marrow transplant recognize the rest <strong>of</strong> the body as<br />
27 6
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