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Zares". Aisha then said: Allah's Apostle said to me, "I am to you as Abu Zar' was to his wife Um Zarin. The eleventh wife's statement is undoubtedly the lengthiest. It summarizes nearly all the characteristics of an ideal husband: generosity , kindness, loving care, noble descent, and respectability. Um Zare is happy because her husband loves her, cares for her, showers her with presents, and treats her with respect. She does not have to tire herself doing the housework. Her mother-in-law is both rich and generous Though she married a noble man (after Abu Zar' divorced her) she never felt as happy as she had in Abu Zares household. The obligatory meaning control centres follow one another in a sequential manner marking the inforamtivity of the text. Some meanings are further extended to reinforce the basic meaning. Obligatory and extended meanings are formatted within the body of the text by means of linguistic and stylistic devices (accessory meaning) which increase the aesthetic impact of the entire text. STATEMENT OF QUALITY The quality of the translated text is certainly far less than that of the original. The translator could not convey the stylistic grandeur and beauty of the original. Over-emphasis on verbal accuracy is superimposed by the liturgical character of the text. The form had 210
to be sacrificed to the content. The translation is honest and accurate but not necessarily as effective as the source text. 3. THE EXPERIMENT This experiment was conducted in the section of Arabic Language and Linguistics, Department of Modern Languages, University of Salford. Six informants were chosen from among post-graduate students of Translation and Applied Linguistics. The aim of the experiment is two- fold: (1) to test the informants' ability to analyse texts following the procedural steps suggested in our model; and (2) to assess translation quality in the light of the model. The experiment was conducted over two weekly long sessions, each lasting about two hours. For the purpose of analysis, photocopies of an excerpt from 'Lord of Arabia' by H C Armstrong were handed out to the informants. It is a relatively small chapter covering pages 82-85 of the said book. The informants were told to peruse the text thoroughly and identify the three interlocked layers of meaning: obligatory, extended, and accessory, in accordance to the model. They were given lmple time to carry out the meaning identification process. Before they embarked on this endeavour, they had been briefed on how the model works. Diagrams of literary, non-literary, and hybrid texts with obligatory meaning control centres (0MCC5) surrounded by extended and accessory meanings were sketched out on the blackboard. The theoretical framework of the model was also reviewed. Armed with sufficient theoretical and 211
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TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT AN A
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Lexical Correspondence. 128 Identif
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ABSTRACT Translation quality assess
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texts are identified before assessm
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INTRODUCTION This thesis focuses on
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components. However, more important
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PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS CHAPTER
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translation quality assessment? Wor
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elease Bayzantine prisoners in exch
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should have a perfect knowledge of
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translation was eventually cleared.
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(2) The style and manner of writing
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TL texts, and finally bring the rec
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(3) Stylistic equivalence, where th
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in two different languages cannot b
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Neubert goes on to discuss the ways
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Lotman (1976, pp153-96) argues that
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(a) "the concept of translation equ
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(structural) equivalences provided
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equivalence obtaining between TT an
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in various ways according to the ma
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Roman Jakobson adds another three f
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The communicative approach, of whic
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claims, "free from the formal conta
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to a certain system, to another sem
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(3) RECEPTORS The author of a text
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Messages are linguistically set to
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p192) In immediate interpersonal co
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concerning the communication situat
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level of the individual sentence? B
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In Europe, the linguistic analysis
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demarcation lines between a sentenc
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conditioned by the author's state o
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elevant issues encountered in text-
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features or goals with other texts
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the source text, a step which comes
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and confusing to obscure these diff
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Translation is a relational concept
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other replacement except what gramm
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intersemiotic - springs from and po
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the grammars of both SL and TL text
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unbridgeable. Strategies to bridge
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Moreover, the ability of both child
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he understands the cultural pattern
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to translation is unilaterally mean
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to be considered translations? Is a
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purposes. The transfer operation fo
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In political discourses, however, p
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language. Translations of medical,
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are pragmatically a single text but
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and 'relations' in terms of non-eva
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dependent layers of pragmatic, semi
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What matters more is the ways and m
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(texte) is open, mobile, vibrating
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Post-war linguists shifted their fo
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personalities. He attributed this c
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is interpretable form its language,
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potential' of the source text be pr
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Hatim's arbitrary distinction betwe
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accessory meaning structures. Oblig
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semantics and the speech act theory
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Premised on a rigorous committment
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implemented, will help him achieve
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etween the translator as TL text-or
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The rhetorical model sets out to re
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SL text will have to be dismantled
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consists of two words: 'istaktabtuh
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The question of tense, which marks
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B. SYNTACTIC CORRESPONDENCE Anyone
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specific clause type in the recepto
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lexical items in any language devel
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The translator's exhaustive and pai
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this is achieved, semantic equivale
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agreement, and the verb/adverb prox
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object. If, in English, the adverb
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extracted from the text-supplied (l
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identifiable in terms of its contri
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In a literary text, the translator
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as impressive or forceful as it is
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The rhetorical model is primarily a
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apprehension, repulsiveness, or dis
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(5) Once completed, leave the trans
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literary, literary, and hybrid or f
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I have mentioned earlier that textu
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The second stanza opens with a nega
Page 171 and 172: perceived. Only extensions of the o
Page 173 and 174: one to whom the message is addresse
Page 175 and 176: flies and horse-flies fill the air
Page 177 and 178: The same meaning is further develop
Page 179 and 180: emember a friend of my son's", the
Page 181 and 182: The same meaning is extended in the
Page 183 and 184: immediately answered. The reader is
Page 185 and 186: incident known in Islamic history a
Page 187 and 188: STATEMENT OF QUALITY As I have said
Page 189 and 190: came, by God, in droves" is rather
Page 191 and 192: that he could, with relative ease a
Page 193 and 194: emphatic, constitutes a juxtapositi
Page 195 and 196: fate, nor divert the pre-planned co
Page 197 and 198: Rendering this line into English, t
Page 199 and 200: In translating this line, the trans
Page 201 and 202: and death, decision and indecision,
Page 203 and 204: embedded, should be thinned so that
Page 205 and 206: The linguistic tools the author uti
Page 207 and 208: Some lexical mismatches are observa
Page 209 and 210: closely without realizing that the
Page 211 and 212: The two re-translations, put togeth
Page 213 and 214: TEXT IV /hybrid) This text is a , f
Page 215 and 216: describe him, I will mention all hi
Page 217 and 218: mundane household affairs. The 'lio
Page 219 and 220: The eighth wife (TT) said: "My husb
Page 221: feel proud of myself. He found me w
Page 225 and 226: d) All informants identified the be
Page 227 and 228: d) All informants detected an ambig
Page 229 and 230: CONCLUSION In conclusion, we shall
Page 231 and 232: all levels. This is discussed in Ch
Page 233 and 234: BIBLIOGRAPHY ADEN, J M (ed.), (1963
Page 235 and 236: FRAWLEY, W, (ed.), (1984), Translat
Page 237 and 238: KHULUSI, S, (1986), Fann Al-Targama
Page 239 and 240: SHAHEEN, Abdus-Sabour, (1986), Al-A
Page 241 and 242: '71 r CI0,‘ Co. • 1/4/. Ck. CS\
Page 243 and 244: .n•n••. < • Ci E• sc, tct
Page 245 and 246: • • 1.54:•71.7 , • . • .
Page 247 and 248: 250 THE JOURNAL OF STRATEGIC STUDIE
Page 249 and 250: • °aro. J4 L .01..) 42,1 • 0 j
Page 251 and 252: J 51211 al.)1 J110, J,•- . t_13;1
Page 253 and 254: .a)...) I ik ja.7- ji I,i I . 0-91
Page 255 and 256: • •Ij1? ZA.p.u. igiL Lid;,A . G
Page 257 and 258: •g • cie.C.A.c) 431 JU di Li ot
Page 259 and 260: 6c. 4..:43,11 U5Z 6?- 1Li . 61), 1A
Page 261 and 262: •IA 0t5j—jj)II (put.. . 4.4,4 0
Page 263 and 264: cerc. iiiLi LI 0,..?,.;) iLi) 41441
Page 265 and 266: TT 1 - Were you to come to our vill
Page 267 and 268: The doum tree of Wad Hamid 3 to sho
Page 269 and 270: 6 The doum tree of Wad Hamid Wherev
Page 271 and 272: 8 The doum tree of Wad Hamid out at
Page 273 and 274:
lo The doum tree of Wad Hamid and s
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The domn Iree qf Wad Hamid 13 sound
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doum tree of Wad liana 5 I shall no
Page 279 and 280:
The down tree qf Wad Hamid i 7 what
Page 281 and 282:
The doum tree of Wad Hamid me with
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271 ST11. : TaKen trom: POET:IY by
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Other tumours, however, are often d
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Immunotherapy is an experimental te
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foreign and begin to destroy it. Th
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• I; A jr6 0°-0-41 1-2-0 Le 1=9
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"i ° 71- 6715.9-1-" 1-4--1 I " &Ie
Page 295 and 296:
83 the trouble of fetching it." (1)
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285 85 A with my family who were me
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