Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository

Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository

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insubstantial shadow walking the distance between life and death. As if hypnotized into a long interrupted reverie man lives out his relatively short span of life, not knowing what days have in store for him. He only wakes to the reality of death which suddenly and unexpectedly overtakes him. Only when man breathes his last does he realize, in a fleeting moment, that his life had been unreal and nightmaris ll, and that he had been but "a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage, and is heard no more". "Life", says Shakespeare, "is a tale told by an idiot; full of sound and fury, signifying nothing." This is the threshold of termination; any more dictum or datum would certainly be a redundancy. In his attempt to translate the concluding line of the original Arabic poem, the translator stretches the average span of man's life on earth over sixty years, a cqncept not unfolded in the original text. He may have limited man's life-time on earth to "threescore years" only to rhyme with "fears" in the third line. But even then, this should not have encouraged the translator to take such an excessive liberty in translating this line. "The light", which occurs at the end of the second line, symbolizes the flashing moment of eternal truth which engulfs a dying man. It antithesizes with "dark" in the first line of the second stanza, and both synthesize into life in it entirety. The verbal construction "bids us wake" makes clear that man is tyrannized by death to which he has to succumb in utter submissiveness whenever it comes. Like the Arabic text-originator, the translator concludes his poem by stating that man, torn between life 188

and death, decision and indecision, aspiration and frustration, is but "a phantom of the night". The last line re-echoes the meaning in the first line. As if blindfold, man slowly walks the distance to his grave. He is born to die, and every moment of his life brings him closer to his doom. This, the poet believes, is the only indisputable truth man should always be aware of. STATEMENT OF QUALITY Carlyle's translation is exquisitely written. He maintained both the form and content of the original message. Each line in the source poem is rendered in a four-line stanza rhyming alternatively. The translation unmistakably reflects the spirit and potential of the original. Carlyle skillfully manoeuvres with the extended meaning in the second, third, and fourth stanzas in which the 'stream' metaphor unfolds. With exceptional ease and artistic craftsmanship, he utilizes the stylistic potential of English to crystallize the skeletal meaning of the original message. The thematic progression is maintained throughout the English version. Figurative and stylistic devices are evenly distributed. The emotive impact of the Arabic poem is sustained, and even more intensified, in the translated text. Carlyle's translation is, admittedly, an excellent one. 189

insubstantial shadow walking the distance between life and death. As<br />

if hypnotized into a long interrupted reverie man lives out his<br />

relatively short span <strong>of</strong> life, not knowing what days have in store for<br />

him. He only wakes to the reality <strong>of</strong> death which suddenly and<br />

unexpectedly overtakes him. Only when man breathes his last does he<br />

realize, in a fleeting moment, that his life had been unreal and<br />

nightmaris ll, and that he had been but "a walking shadow, a poor player<br />

that struts and frets his hour upon the stage, and is heard no more".<br />

"Life", says Shakespeare, "is a tale told by an idiot; full <strong>of</strong> sound<br />

and fury, signifying nothing." This is the threshold <strong>of</strong> termination;<br />

any more dictum or datum would certainly be a redundancy.<br />

In his attempt to translate the concluding line <strong>of</strong> the original<br />

Arabic poem, the translator stretches the average span <strong>of</strong> man's life on<br />

earth over sixty years, a cqncept not unfolded in the original text.<br />

He may have limited man's life-time on earth to "threescore years"<br />

only to rhyme with "fears" in the third line. But even then, this<br />

should not have encouraged the translator to take such an excessive<br />

liberty in translating this line. "The light", which occurs at the end<br />

<strong>of</strong> the second line, symbolizes the flashing moment <strong>of</strong> eternal truth<br />

which engulfs a dying man. It antithesizes with "dark" in the first<br />

line <strong>of</strong> the second stanza, and both synthesize into life in it<br />

entirety. The verbal construction "bids us wake" makes clear that man<br />

is tyrannized by death to which he has to succumb in utter<br />

submissiveness whenever it comes. Like the Arabic text-originator, the<br />

translator concludes his poem by stating that man, torn between life<br />

188

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