Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository
Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository
The source and target texts to which we will apply our model are finalized texts. They represent a variety of text types which subsumes narrative, poetic, scientific, and hybrid texts. The languages in which source and target texts are written are Arabic and English. TEXT I (narrative) - (The Down Tree of Wad Hamid) is a short story written by Tayeb Salih, a contemporary Sudanese novelist and a short- story writer. The text was published by Dar al-Awdah, Beirut, in 1970 along with six other short stories. Its English translation was first published in the November issue of the 'Encounter'; a translation into German was made from the English and published in the March 1962 issue of 'Der Monat', and a translation into Italian appeared in the 1964 edition of 'Le Piu Belle Novelle di Tutti i Paesi'. The story also appeared in 'Modern Arabic Short Stories' (Oxford University Press, 1967), translated and selected by Denys Johnson-Davies. Two participants are involved in the discourse: the narrator and the narratee. The narrator is himself the author or the story-teller. He has a message to communicate, a network of intentions to unfold. His omnipresence is felt throughout. Every word, phrase, or sentence- indeed every structure - is a symbol of his domineering character. The narratee, on the other hand, is hardly felt. He could be anyone, not necessarily a schoolboy. He is an imaginary creation of the author's, 150
one to whom the message is addressed. His participation in the discourse is insignificant, almost imperceptible. The narrator- narratee relationship is uni-directional in the sense that it does not allow the narratee to interfere in the course of the narrative. The narrator employs various narratological devices such as flash back, digression, prediction, interpolation, and retrospect. He manipulates such rhetorical devices with exceptional skill and artistry to maintain suspense and captivate the narratee's interest and attention. Although there are two distinct characters in the story which the reader can, easily identify as narrator and narratee, addresser and addressee, there is yet a third character far more significant than the other two. The physical as well as the spiritual presence of the down tree makes itself felt throughout the story. Firm and high-towering it stands at the sepulchre of Wad Hamid with its massive shadow overwhelming the entire scene. The narrator, the narratee, and indeed every single person living in the village are mystified by the inexplicably mysterious power of the tree. Unlike any other tree, it rises in the midst of hard and solid rocks with the river twisting below it like a sacred snake. The down tree is the symbol of the past, the static status quo, complacency, peace of mind, and above all contentment "with what God sees fit to give us". (line 27 of the source text) 161
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- Page 185 and 186: incident known in Islamic history a
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- Page 189 and 190: came, by God, in droves" is rather
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The source and target texts to which we will apply our model are<br />
finalized texts. They represent a variety <strong>of</strong> text types which subsumes<br />
narrative, poetic, scientific, and hybrid texts. The languages in<br />
which source and target texts are written are Arabic and English.<br />
TEXT I (narrative)<br />
-<br />
(The Down Tree <strong>of</strong> Wad Hamid) is a short story<br />
written by Tayeb Salih, a contemporary Sudanese novelist and a short-<br />
story writer. The text was published by Dar al-Awdah, Beirut, in 1970<br />
along with six other short stories. Its English translation was first<br />
published in the November issue <strong>of</strong> the 'Encounter'; a translation into<br />
German was made from the English and published in the March 1962 issue<br />
<strong>of</strong> 'Der Monat', and a translation into Italian appeared in the 1964<br />
edition <strong>of</strong> 'Le Piu Belle Novelle di Tutti i Paesi'. The story also<br />
appeared in 'Modern Arabic Short Stories' (Oxford <strong>University</strong> Press,<br />
1967), translated and selected by Denys Johnson-Davies.<br />
Two participants are involved in the discourse: the narrator and<br />
the narratee. The narrator is himself the author or the story-teller.<br />
He has a message to communicate, a network <strong>of</strong> intentions to unfold.<br />
His omnipresence is felt throughout. Every word, phrase, or sentence-<br />
indeed every structure - is a symbol <strong>of</strong> his domineering character. The<br />
narratee, on the other hand, is hardly felt. He could be anyone, not<br />
necessarily a schoolboy. He is an imaginary creation <strong>of</strong> the author's,<br />
150
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