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translation transemes are compared, is semantic if the transemes
share certain aspects of meaning. It may be pragmatic or
situational if both transemes apply in one and the same situation.
These shifts are operated by microstructures of the source text in
the very act of translating. If any category of shifts was
misoperated or mismanaged on the semantic, syntactic, or stylistic
level, translation transemes would show aspects of disjunction and
the communicative load of the original message would be
considerably affected. The pragma-semio-communicative goal of the
original message would inevitably be missed or, in most fortunate
cases, partially achieved.
Accessory meaning structures are primarily designed to
reinforce the aesthetic impact of the text. They are assigned a
specific function displayable on the level of word or phrase and
attributable to the fundamental uses of language. Basically, a
distinction exists between two uses of language, one referential
and cognitive, the other, emotive and evocative. One informs and
the other affects. It is the latter function that accessory
meaning structures are intended to project. From the semantic and
stylistic point of view, words and phrases have connotative
overtones. Apart from their physical or conceptual denotata,
certain words evoke event- or action-bound constellations of
meanings. The English four-letter words, for example, are clear
cases of tabooed words possessing connotative overtones. In other
situations, however, the same event, action, or even object to
which this category of words refer, are discussed without the least
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