Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository
Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository Iv - University of Salford Institutional Repository
It was only by chance that I came across an article in the Literary Supplement of Al-Nadwa, a Makkah-based Saudi Arabian daily, on the concept of 'shifts' as seen from the standpoint of Arabic rhetorics. I was so impressed by the article that I began to reflect upon the possibility of manipulating the concept of 'shifts' to evolve a model for the teaching of translation to Arab students who are, more than others, closely associated with Arabic linguistic tradition. Though the concept of 'interlocked layers of meaning' was a good starting point, the problem actually lay in how to apply the rhetorical model to the analysis of texts and, subsequently, to translation quality assessment. I could easily come to grips with the fact that what we needed was to evolve an appropriate method of text analysis which would place the text in its pertinent pragma-socio-communicative perspective before translating it into the target language. The idea of activating the model for the purposes of text analysis and translation quality assessment was thus conceived. Moreover, I supplied almost all necessary tools a text analyst would need for the dismantlement of the intricately interlocked network of obligatory, extended, and accessory meanings. This, in consequence, required that some very basic concepts be arrived at and included in this thesis. The first concept is included in Chapter One. Any model for text analysis or translation quality assessment should be based on a sound theory of translation. Similarly, no sound theory of translation could be established unless certain elements were involved: philosophical, communicative, and semiotic. Chapter One deals with these three vii
components. However, more important than these is the 'equivalence' criterion towards which these elements are oriented, and for the achievement of which they functionally interact. Since the concept of equivalence is a much-debated and debatable one, the second chapter deals, at a greater length, with various approaches to translation and how each claims to have achieved equivalence between source and target texts. Existing models have been reviewed together with the rhetorical model which is based on the concept of meaning shifts. In the third chapter, we found it necessary to explain how the rhetorical model could be manipulated and oriented towards the explication of the concept of meaning shifts. In actual fact, the rhetorical model derives its existence from the actual use of langu...ge in a specific socio-communicative situation. For language, without doubt, is basically a means of communication. Communication involves, among other things, a sociological situation in which it occurs. Any message, however, could not be extricated from its relevant situational context. This point is further elaborated in the fourth chapter, the first part of which is allocated to text analysis from the standpoint of the modLl. The second part is devoted to comparison between source and target texts with a view to assessing translation quality. The third viii
- Page 1 and 2: TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT AN A
- Page 3 and 4: Lexical Correspondence. 128 Identif
- Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT Translation quality assess
- Page 7 and 8: texts are identified before assessm
- Page 9: INTRODUCTION This thesis focuses on
- Page 13 and 14: PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS CHAPTER
- Page 15 and 16: translation quality assessment? Wor
- Page 17 and 18: elease Bayzantine prisoners in exch
- Page 19 and 20: should have a perfect knowledge of
- Page 21 and 22: translation was eventually cleared.
- Page 23 and 24: (2) The style and manner of writing
- Page 25 and 26: TL texts, and finally bring the rec
- Page 27 and 28: (3) Stylistic equivalence, where th
- Page 29 and 30: in two different languages cannot b
- Page 31 and 32: Neubert goes on to discuss the ways
- Page 33 and 34: Lotman (1976, pp153-96) argues that
- Page 35 and 36: (a) "the concept of translation equ
- Page 37 and 38: (structural) equivalences provided
- Page 39 and 40: equivalence obtaining between TT an
- Page 41 and 42: in various ways according to the ma
- Page 43 and 44: Roman Jakobson adds another three f
- Page 45 and 46: The communicative approach, of whic
- Page 47 and 48: claims, "free from the formal conta
- Page 49 and 50: to a certain system, to another sem
- Page 51 and 52: (3) RECEPTORS The author of a text
- Page 53 and 54: Messages are linguistically set to
- Page 55 and 56: p192) In immediate interpersonal co
- Page 57 and 58: concerning the communication situat
- Page 59 and 60: level of the individual sentence? B
components. However, more important than these is the 'equivalence'<br />
criterion towards which these elements are oriented, and for the<br />
achievement <strong>of</strong> which they functionally interact.<br />
Since the concept <strong>of</strong> equivalence is a much-debated and debatable<br />
one, the second chapter deals, at a greater length, with various<br />
approaches to translation and how each claims to have achieved<br />
equivalence between source and target texts. Existing models have been<br />
reviewed together with the rhetorical model which is based on the<br />
concept <strong>of</strong> meaning shifts.<br />
In the third chapter, we found it necessary to explain how the<br />
rhetorical model could be manipulated and oriented towards the<br />
explication <strong>of</strong> the concept <strong>of</strong> meaning shifts. In actual fact, the<br />
rhetorical model derives its existence from the actual use <strong>of</strong> langu...ge<br />
in a specific socio-communicative situation. For language, without<br />
doubt, is basically a means <strong>of</strong> communication. Communication involves,<br />
among other things, a sociological situation in which it occurs. Any<br />
message, however, could not be extricated from its relevant situational<br />
context.<br />
This point is further elaborated in the fourth chapter, the first<br />
part <strong>of</strong> which is allocated to text analysis from the standpoint <strong>of</strong> the<br />
modLl. The second part is devoted to comparison between source and<br />
target texts with a view to assessing translation quality. The third<br />
viii
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