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and 'relations' in terms of non-evaluative
analysis or synthesis.
(2) Argumentative: This can be 'implicit' as in case-making which is
different from conceptual exposition only in its
focus on evaluation; or 'explicit' as in the
counter-argumentative Letters to the Editor.
(3) Instructional: This aims at the formation of future behaviour,
either in 'instructive with option' such as
advertising, or 'instructive with no option' as in
treaties, contracts, and other binding documents".
Hatim's text-typology emerges from his notion of text/discourse as
an entity basically composed of three inter-related layers of meaning:
the pragmatic, the semiotic, and the communicative. The transition
from sentential linguistics to supra-sentential linguistics or, to use
more recent terminology, text-linguistics, is essentially a functional
one. It is an indisputable fact that the study of language aims
primarily at the explication of how communication among human
communicants is achieved. Consequently, language studies should not
focus on sentence-based linguistics which deals with virtual systems in
a non-communicative environment, but rather on realistic i or 'actual'
systems which serve specific communicative goals. The latter approach
demands that:
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