academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library
academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library
academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library
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est: an approach to this theory is made in Plat. Theaet. 185, 191. Cf. especially Sext. Adv. Math.<br />
VII. 350 ?a? ??? µe? d?afe?e?? a?t?? t?? a?s??se??, ??? ??? p?e????, ??? de a?t?? e??a? ta?<br />
a?s??se?? ... ??? stase?? ???e St?at??. All powers <strong>of</strong> sensation with the Stoics, who are perhaps<br />
imitated here, were included in the ???eµ??????, cf. n. on I. 38. Alia quasi: so Faber for aliqua.<br />
"In vera et aperta partitione nec Cicero nec alius quisquam aliquis—alius dixit, multo minus<br />
alius—aliquis," M.D.F. III. 63. Goer. on the other hand says he can produce 50 exx. <strong>of</strong> the usage,<br />
he forbears however, to produce them. Recondit: so the e????a? are called ap??e?µe?a? ???se?<br />
? (Plut. De Sto. Repug. p. 1057 a). In Sext. Adv. Math. VII. 373 µ??µ? is called ??sa???sµ?? fa?<br />
tas???. Similitudinibus: ?a?' ??µ???s?? Sext. Pyrr. Hyp. II. 75. Cic. uses this word as including<br />
all processes by which the mind gets to know things not immediately perceived by sense. In D.F.<br />
III. 33 it receives its proper meaning, for which see Madv. there, and the passages he quotes,<br />
"analogies" will here best translate the word, which, is used in the same wide sense in N.D. II. 22<br />
38. Construit: so MSS. Orelli gave constituit. Notitiae: cf. 22. Cic. fails to distinguish between<br />
the f?s??a? e????a? or ????a? which are the p?????e??, and those e????a? which are the<br />
conscious product <strong>of</strong> the reason, in the Stoic system. Cf. M.D.F. III. 21, V. 60, for this and other<br />
inaccuracies <strong>of</strong> Cic. in treating <strong>of</strong> the same subject, also Zeller 79. Rerumque: "facts". Perfecta:<br />
sapientia, virtus, perfecta ratio, are almost convertible terms in the expositions <strong>of</strong> Antiocheanism<br />
found in Cic. Cf. I. 20.<br />
§31. Vitaeque constantiam: which philosophy brings, see 23. Cognitionem: ep?st?µ??. Cognitio<br />
is used to translate ?ata????? in D.F. II. 16, III. 17, cf. n. on I. 41. Ut dixi ... dicemus: For the<br />
repetition cf. 135, 146, and M.D.F. I. 41. The future tense is odd and unlike Cic. Lamb. wrote<br />
dicimus, I would rather read dicamus; cf. n. on 29. Per se: ?a?' a?t??, there is no need to read<br />
propter, as Lamb. Ut virtutem efficiat: note that virtue is throughout this exposition treated as the<br />
result <strong>of</strong> the exercise <strong>of</strong> the reason. Evertunt: cf. eversio in 99. Animal ... animo: Cic. allows<br />
animus to all animals, not merely anima; see Madv. D.F. V. 38. The rule given by Forc. s.v.<br />
animans is therefore wrong. Temeritate: p??pete?a, which occurs passim in Sext. The word,<br />
which is constantly hurled at the dogmatists by the sceptics, is here put by way <strong>of</strong> retort. So in<br />
Sext. Adv. Math. VII. 260, the sceptic is called eµß???t?t?? for rejecting the ?ata??pt??? fa?tas?<br />
a.<br />
§32. Incerta: ad??a. Democritus: cf. I. 44. Quae ... abstruserit: "because she has hidden." Alii<br />
autem: note the ellipse <strong>of</strong> the verb, and cf. I. 2. Etiam queruntur: "actually complain;" "go so far<br />
as to complain." Inter incertum: cf. Numenius in Euseb. Pr. Ev. XIV. 7, 12, d?af??a? e??a? ad??<br />
?? ?a? a?ata??pt??, ?a? pa?ta µe? e??a? a?ata??pta ?? pa?ta de ad??a (quoted as from<br />
Carneades), also 54 <strong>of</strong> this book. Docere: "to prove," cf. n. on 121. Qui haec distinguunt: the<br />
followers <strong>of</strong> Carneades rather than those <strong>of</strong> Arcesilas; cf. n. on I. 45. Stellarum numerus: this<br />
typical uncertainty is constantly referred to in Sext. e.g. P.H. II. 90, 98, A.M. VII. 243, VIII. 147,<br />
317; where it is reckoned among things a?????? e???ta a???s?a?. So in the Psalms, God only<br />
"telleth the number <strong>of</strong> the stars;" cf. 110. Aliquos: contemptuous; ap??e???µe???? t??a?. Cf.<br />
Parad. 33 agrestis aliquos. Moveri: this probably refers to the speech <strong>of</strong> Catulus; see Introd. p.<br />
51. Aug. Cont. Ac. III. 15 refers to this passage, which must have been preserved in the second<br />
edition.<br />
§33. Veri et falsi: these words Lamb. considered spurious in the first clause, and Halm brackets;<br />
but surely their repetition is pointed and appropriate. "You talk about a rule for distinguishing<br />
between the true and the false while you do away with the notion <strong>of</strong> true and false altogether."<br />
The discussion here really turns on the use <strong>of</strong> terms. If it is fair to use the term "true" to denote<br />
the probably true, the Academics are not open to the criticism here attempted; cf. 111 tam vera<br />
quam falsa cernimus. Ut inter rectum et pravum: the sceptic would no more allow the absolute<br />
certainty <strong>of</strong> this distinction than <strong>of</strong> the other. Communis: the apa?a??a?t?? <strong>of</strong> Sextus; "in whose<br />
vision true and false are confused." Cf. ????? fa?tas?a a?????? ?a? ?e?d??? Sext. A.M. VII. 164<br />
(R. and P. 410), also 175. Notam: the s?µe??? <strong>of</strong> Sextus; cf. esp. P.H. II. 97 sq. Eodem modo<br />
falsum: Sext. A.M. VII. 164 (R. and P. 410) ??deµ?a est?? a????? fa?tas?a ???a ??? a? ?e???t?<br />
?e?d??. Ut si quis: Madv. in an important n. on D.F. IV. 30 explains this thus; ista ratione si quis<br />
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