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the third book which is mentioned Ad. Att. XVI. 6, 4. I may here add that Krische seems to me
wrong in holding that the whole four books formed one discussion, finished within the limits of a
single day. Why interrupt the discussion by the insertion of a prologue of so general a nature as
to be taken from a stock which Cic. kept on hand ready made? (Cf. Ad Att. as above.)
Besides the actual fragments of the second edition, many indications of its contents are preserved
in the work of Augustine entitled Contra Academicos, which, though written in support of
dogmatic opinions, imitated throughout the second edition of the Academica of Cic. No writings
of the Classical period had so great an influence on the culture and opinions of Augustine as the
Academica and the lost Hortensius. I give, partly from Krische, the scattered indications of the
contents of the former which are to be gathered from the bishop's works. In Aug. Contr. Ac. II.
14, 15, we have what appears to be a summary of the lost part of Book I. to the following effect.
The New Academy must not be regarded as having revolted against the Old, all that it did was to
discuss that new doctrine of ?ata????? advanced by Zeno. The doctrine of a?ata????a though
present to the minds of the ancients had never taken distinct shape, because it had met with no
opposition. The Old Academy was rather enriched than attacked by the New. Antiochus, in
adopting Stoicism under the name of the Old Academy, made it appear that there was a strife
between it and the New. With Antiochus the historical exposition of Cic. must have ended. From
this portion of the first book, Aug. derived his opinion (Contra. Ac. II. 1) that New Academicism
was excusable from the necessities of the age in which it appeared. Indications of Book II. in
Aug. are scarce, but to it I refer Contra. Ac. I. 7 placuit Ciceroni nostro beatum esse qui verum
investigat etiam si ad eius inventionem non valeat pervenire, also ibid. III. 10 illis (Academicis)
placuit esse posse hominem sapientem, et tamen in hominem scientiam cadere non posse. These I
refer to Cicero's development of the probabile in Book II., although I ought to say that Krische, p.
65, maintains that the substance of Catulus' exposition in the Ac. Priora transferred to Book IV. of
the Ac. Posteriora. As this would leave very meagre material for Book II., nothing indeed
excepting the provisional proof of the deceptiveness of the senses, I cannot accede to his
arrangement; mine, I may remark, involves a much smaller departure from the first edition.
Allusions in Aug. to the attack on the senses by Cic. in Book II. are difficult to fix, as they apply
equally well to the later attack in Book IV. As to Books III. and IV., I do not think it necessary
here to prove from Aug. the points of agreement between them and the Lucullus, which will find
a better place in my notes on the latter, but merely give the divergences which appear from other
sources. These are the translation of s?f?sµata by cavillationes in Luc. 75 (Seneca Ep. III.), and
the insertion in 118 of essentia as a translation of ??s?a.
BOOK II.
ENTITLED LUCULLUS.
§§1—12. Summary. Lucullus, though an able and cultivated man, was absent from
Rome on public service too long during his earlier years to attain to glory in the
forum (1). He unexpectedly proved a great general. This was due to his untiring
study and his marvellous memory (2). He had to wait long for the reward of his
merits as a commander and civil administrator, and was allowed no triumph till just
before my consulship. What I owed to him in those troublous times I cannot now tell
(3). He was not merely a general; he was also a philosopher, having learned much
from Antiochus and read much for himself (4). Those enemies of Greek culture who
think a Roman noble ought not to know philosophy, must be referred to the
examples of Cato and Africanus (5). Others think that famous men should not be
introduced into dialogues of the kind. Are they then, when they meet, to be silent or
to talk about trifles? I, in applying myself to philosophy, have neglected no public
duty, nor do I think the fame of illustrious citizens diminished, but enriched, by a
reputation for philosophical knowledge (6). Those who hold that the interlocutors in
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