academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library
academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library
academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library
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The Project Gutenberg eBook <strong>of</strong> ...<br />
THE ACADEMICA,<br />
THIS EDITION<br />
IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED<br />
BY<br />
THE EDITOR.<br />
PREFACE.<br />
Since the work <strong>of</strong> Davies appeared in 1725, no English scholar has edited the Academica. In<br />
Germany the last edition with explanatory notes is that <strong>of</strong> Goerenz, published in 1810. To the<br />
poverty and untrustworthiness <strong>of</strong> Goerenz's learning Madvig's pages bear strong evidence; while<br />
the work <strong>of</strong> Davies, though in every way far superior to that <strong>of</strong> Goerenz, is very deficient when<br />
judged by the criticism <strong>of</strong> the present time.<br />
This edition has grown out <strong>of</strong> a course <strong>of</strong> Intercollegiate lectures given by me at Christ's College<br />
several years ago. I trust that the work in its present shape will be <strong>of</strong> use to undergraduate<br />
students <strong>of</strong> the Universities, and also to pupils and teachers alike in all schools where the<br />
philosophical works <strong>of</strong> Cicero are studied, but especially in those where an attempt is made to<br />
impart such instruction in the Ancient Philosophy as will prepare the way for the completer<br />
knowledge now required in the final Classical Examinations for Honours both at Oxford and<br />
Cambridge. My notes have been written throughout with a practical reference to the needs <strong>of</strong><br />
junior students. During the last three or four years I have read the Academica with a large<br />
number <strong>of</strong> intelligent pupils, and there is scarcely a note <strong>of</strong> mine which has not been suggested<br />
by some difficulty or want <strong>of</strong> theirs. My plan has been, first, to embody in an Introduction such<br />
information concerning Cicero's philosophical views and the literary history <strong>of</strong> the Academica as<br />
could not be readily got from existing books; next, to provide a good text; then to aid the student<br />
in obtaining a higher knowledge <strong>of</strong> Ciceronian Latinity, and lastly, to put it in his power to learn<br />
thoroughly the philosophy with which Cicero deals.<br />
My text may be said to be founded on that <strong>of</strong> Halm which appeared in the edition <strong>of</strong> Cicero's<br />
philosophical works published in 1861 under the editorship <strong>of</strong> Baiter and Halm as a continuation<br />
<strong>of</strong> Orelli's second edition <strong>of</strong> Cicero's works, which was interrupted by the death <strong>of</strong> that editor. I<br />
have never however allowed one <strong>of</strong> Halm's readings to pass without carefully weighing the<br />
evidence he presents; and I have also studied all original criticisms upon the text to which I could<br />
obtain access. The result is a text which lies considerably nearer the MSS. than that <strong>of</strong> Halm. My<br />
obligations other than those to Halm are sufficiently acknowledged in my notes; the chief are to<br />
Madvig's little book entitled Emendationes ad Ciceronis libros Philosophicos, published in 1825<br />
at Copenhagen, but never, I believe, reprinted, and to Baiter's text in the edition <strong>of</strong> Cicero's<br />
works by himself and Kayser. In a very few passages I have introduced emendations <strong>of</strong> my own,<br />
and that only where the conjecttires <strong>of</strong> other Editors seemed to me to depart too widely from the<br />
MSS. If any apology be needed for discussing, even sparingly, in the notes, questions <strong>of</strong> textual<br />
criticism, I may say that I have done so from a conviction that the very excellence <strong>of</strong> the texts<br />
now in use is depriving a Classical training <strong>of</strong> a great deal <strong>of</strong> its old educational value. The<br />
judgment was better cultivated when the student had to fight his way through bad texts to the<br />
author's meaning and to a mastery <strong>of</strong> the Latin tongue. The acceptance <strong>of</strong> results without a<br />
knowledge <strong>of</strong> the processes by which they are obtained is worthless for the purposes <strong>of</strong><br />
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14970/14970-h/14970-h.htm[1/5/2010 10:31:57 AM]