academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library
academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library
academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library
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§94. Ut agitator: see the amusing letter to Atticus XIII. 21, in which Cic. discusses different<br />
translations for the word epe?e??, and quotes a line <strong>of</strong> Lucilius sustineat currum ut bonu' saepe<br />
agitator equosque, adding semperque Carneades p??ß???? pugilis et retentionem aurigae<br />
similem facit ep???. Aug. Contra Ac. trans. ep??? by refrenatio cf. also Lael. 63. Superbus es: I<br />
have thus corrected the MSS. responde superbe; Halm writes facis superbe, Orelli superbis,<br />
which verb is hardly found in prose. The phrase superbe resistere in Aug. Contra Ac. III. 14 may<br />
be a reminiscence. Illustribus: Bait. with some probability adds in, comparing in decimo below,<br />
and 107, cf. however Munro on Lucr. I. 420. Irretiat: parallel expressions occur in T.D. V. 76, De<br />
Or. I. 43, De Fato 7. Facere non sinis: Sext. P.H. II. 253 points the moral in the same way.<br />
Augentis nec minuentis: so Halm for MSS. augendi nec minuendi, which Bait. retains. I cannot<br />
believe the phrase primum augendi to be Latin.<br />
§95. Tollit ... superiora: cf. Hortensius fragm. 19 (Orelli) sed ad extremum pollicetur prolaturum<br />
qui se ipse comest quod efficit dialecticorum ratio. Vestra an nostra: Bait. after Christ needlessly<br />
writes nostra an vestra. a???µa: "a judgment expressed in language"; cf. Zeller 107, who gives<br />
the Stoic refinements on this subject. Effatum: Halm gives the spelling ecfatum. It is probable that<br />
this spelling was antique in Cic.'s time and only used in connection with religious and legal<br />
formulae as in De Div. I. 81, De Leg. II. 20, see Corss. Ausspr. I. 155 For the word cf. Sen. Ep.<br />
117 enuntiativum quiddam de corpore quod alii effatum vocant, alii enuntiatum, alii edictum, in<br />
T.D. I. 14 pronuntiatum is found, in De Fato 26 pronuntiatio, in Gellius XVI. 8 (from Varro)<br />
prologium. Aut verum esse aut falsum: the constant Stoic definition <strong>of</strong> a???µa, see Diog. VII. 65<br />
and other passages in Zeller 107. Mentiris an verum dicis: the an was added by Schutz on a<br />
comparison <strong>of</strong> Gellius XVIII. 10 cum mentior et mentiri me dico, mentior an verum dico? The<br />
sophism is given in a more formally complete shape in De Div. II. 11 where the following words<br />
are added, dicis autem te mentiri verumque dicis, mentiris igitur. The fallacy is thus hit by Petrus<br />
Valentia (p. 301, ed Orelli), quis unquam dixit "ego mentior" quum hoc ipsum pronuntiatum<br />
falsum vellet declarare? Inexplicabilia: ap??a in the Greek writers. Odiosius: this adj. has not<br />
the strong meaning <strong>of</strong> the Eng. "hateful," but simply means "tiresome," "annoying." Non<br />
comprehensa: as in 99, the opposite <strong>of</strong> comprehendibilia III. 1, 41. The past partic. in Cic. <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
has the same meaning as an adj. in -bilis. Faber points out that in the Timaeus Cic. translates a??<br />
t?? by indissolutus and indissolubilis indifferently. Imperceptus, which one would expect, is<br />
found in Ovid.<br />
§96. Si dicis: etc. the words in italics are needed, and were given by Manut. with the exception<br />
<strong>of</strong> nunc which was added by Dav. The idea <strong>of</strong> Orelli, that Cic. clipped these trite sophisms as he<br />
does verses from the comic writers is untenable. In docendo: docere is not to expound but to<br />
prove, cf. n. on 121. Primum ... modum: the word modus is technical in this sense cf. Top. 57.<br />
The p??t?? ????? a?ap?de??t?? <strong>of</strong> the Stoic logic ran thus e? ??µe?a est?, f?? est?? ... a??a µ?<br />
? ??µe?a est?? f?? a?a est?? (Sext. P.H. II. 157, and other passages qu. Zeller 114). This bears a<br />
semblance <strong>of</strong> inference and is not so utterly tautological as Cic.'s translation, which merges f??<br />
and ??µe?a into one word, or that <strong>of</strong> Zeller (114, note). These arguments are called µ?????<br />
µµat?? (involving only one premise) in Sext. P.H. I. 152, 159, II. 167. Si dicis te mentiri, etc.: it is<br />
absurd to assume, as this sophism does, that when a man truly states that he has told a lie, he<br />
establishes against himself not merely that he has told a lie, but also that he is telling a lie at the<br />
moment when he makes the true statement. The root <strong>of</strong> the sophism lies in the confusion <strong>of</strong> past<br />
and present time in the one infinitive mentiri. Eiusdem generis: the phrase te mentiri had been<br />
substituted for nunc lucere. Chrysippea: n. on 93. Conclusioni: on facere with the dat. see n. on<br />
27. Cederet: some edd. crederet, but the word is a trans. <strong>of</strong> Gk. e??e??; n. on 66. Conexi: = s???<br />
µµe???, cf. Zeller 109. This was the proper term for the hypothetical judgment. Superius: the s??<br />
?µµe??? consists <strong>of</strong> two parts, the hypothetical part and the affirmative—called in Greek ?????<br />
µe??? and ?????; if one is admitted the other follows <strong>of</strong> course.<br />
§97. Excipiantur: the legal formula <strong>of</strong> the Romans generally directed the iudex to condemn the<br />
defendant if certain facts were proved, unless certain other facts were proved; the latter portion<br />
went by the name <strong>of</strong> exceptio. See Dict. Ant. Tribunum ... adeant: a retort upon Lucullus; cf. 13.<br />
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