academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library

The Project Gutenberg eBook of ...
identical with it in form must stand or fall together (98).
§91. Inventam esse: cf. 26, 27. In geometriane: with this inquiry into the special function of
Dialectic cf. the inquiry about Rhetoric in Plato Gorg. 453 D, 454 C. Sol quantus sit: this of
course is a problem for f?s???, not for d?a?e?t???. Quod sit summum bonum: not d?a?e?t???
but ????? must decide this. Quae coniunctio: etc. so Sext. often opposes s?µp???? or s???µµe?
?? to d?e?e??µe???, cf. esp P.H. II. 201, and Zeller 109 sq. with footnotes. An instance of a
coniunctio (hypothetical judgment) is "si lucet, lucet" below, of a disiunctio (disjunctive
judgment) "aut vivet cras Hermarchus aut non vivet". Ambigue dictum: aµf?ß????, on which see
P.H. II. 256, Diog VII. 62. Quid sequatur: t? a????????, cf. I. 19 n. Quid repugnet: cf. I. 19, n. De
se ipsa: the ipsa, according to Cic.'s usage, is nom. and not abl. Petrus Valentia (p. 301, ed
Orelli) justly remarks that an art is not to be condemned as useless merely because it is unable to
solve every problem presented to it. He quotes Plato's remarks (in Rep. II.) that the Expert is the
man who knows exactly what his art can do and what it cannot. Very similar arguments to this of
Cic. occur in Sext., cf. esp. P.H. II. 175 and the words ea?t?? esta? e??a??pt????. For the mode
in which Carneades dealt with Dialectic cf. Zeller 510, 511. The true ground of attack is that
Logic always assumes the truth of phenomena, and cannot prove it. This was clearly seen by
Aristotle alone of the ancients; see Grote's essay on the Origin of Knowledge, now reprinted in
Vol II. of his Aristotle.
§92. Nata sit: cf. 28, 59. Loquendi: the Stoic ??????, it must be remembered, included ???t????
?. Concludendi: t?? s?µpe?a??e?? or s???????es?a?. Locum: t?p?? in the philosophical sense.
Vitiosum: 49, n. Num nostra culpa est: cf. 32. Finium: absolute limits; the fallacy of the sorites
and other such sophisms lies entirely in the treatment of purely relative terms as though they
were absolute. Quatenus: the same ellipse occurs in Orator 73. In acervo tritici: this is the false
sorites, which may be briefly described thus: A asks B whether one grain makes a heap, B
answers "No." A goes on asking whether two, three, four, etc. grains make a heap. B cannot
always reply "No." When he begins to answer "Yes," there will be a difference of one grain
between heap and no heap. One grain therefore does make a heap. The true sorites or chain
inference is still treated in books on logic, cf. Thomson's Laws of Thought, pp 201—203, ed 8.
Minutatim: cf. Heindorf's note on ?ata sµ????? in Sophistes 217 D. Interrogati: cf. 104. In 94 we
have interroganti, which some edd. read here. Dives pauper, etc.: it will be easily seen that the
process of questioning above described can be applied to any relative term such as these are. For
the omission of any connecting particle between the members of each pair, cf. 29, 125, T.D. I. 64,
V. 73, 114, Zumpt Gram. 782. Quanto addito aut dempto: after this there is a strange ellipse of
some such words as id efficiatur, quod interrogatur. [Non] habemus: I bracket non in deference
to Halm, Madv. however (Opusc. I. 508) treats it as a superabundance of negation arising from a
sort of anacoluthon, comparing In Vatin. 3, Ad Fam. XII. 24. The scribes insert and omit
negatives very recklessly, so that the point may remain doubtful.
§93. Frangite: in later Gk. generally ap???e??. Erunt ... cavetis: this form of the conditional
sentence is illustrated in Madv. D.F. III. 70, Em. Liv. p. 422, Gram. 340, obs. 1. Goer. qu. Terence
Heaut. V. 1, 59 quot incommoda tibi in hac re capies nisi caves, cf. also 127, 140 of this book.
The present is of course required by the instantaneous nature of the action. Chrysippo: he spent
so much time in trying to solve the sophism that it is called peculiarly his by Persius VI. 80.
inventus, Chrysippe, tui finitor acervi. The titles of numerous distinct works of his on the Sorites
and Mentiens are given by Diog. Tria pauca sint: cf. the instances in Sext. A.M. VII. 418 ta pe?t?
???ta ????a est??, ta µ???a ????a est??, also Diog. VII. 82 ??s??a?e?? the advice is quoted in
Sext. P.H. II. 253 (de?? ??stas?a? ?a? epe?e??), A.M. VII. 416 (?? s?f?? st?seta? ?a? ??s??
ase?). The same terms seem to have been used by the Cynics, see Sext. P.H. II. 244, III. 66.
Stertas: imitated by Aug. Contra Ac. III. 25 ter terna novem esse ... vel genere humano stertente
verum sit, also ib. III. 22. Proficit: Dav. proficis, but Madv. rightly understands t? ??s??a?e??
(Em. 184), cf. N.D. II. 58. Ultimum ... respondere: "to put in as your answer" cf. the use of
defendere with an accus. "to put in as a plea". Kayser suggests paucorum quid sit.
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14970/14970-h/14970-h.htm[1/5/2010 10:31:57 AM]