academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library

More documents

Recommendations

Info

The Project Gutenberg eBook of ... Plat. Apol. 21 e???a ???? t??t?? sµ????? t??? a?t?? t??t?? s?f?te??? e??a?, ??t? a µ? ??da ? ?de ???µa? e?de?a?, a very different statement from the nihil sciri posse by which Cic. interprets it (cf. R. and P. 148). That ep?st?µ? in the strict sense is impossible, is a doctrine which Socrates would have left to the Sophists. De Platone: the doctrine above mentioned is an absurd one to foist upon Plato. The dialogues of search as they are called, while exposing sham knowledge, all assume that the real ep?st?µ? is attainable. Ironiam: the word was given in its Greek form in 15. Nulla fuit ratio persequi: n. on 17. §75. Videorne: = nonne videor, as videsne = nonne vides. Imitari numquam nisi: a strange expression for which Manut. conj. imitari? num quem, etc., Halm nullum unquam in place of numquam. Bait. prints the reading of Man., which I think harsher than that of the MSS. Minutos: for the word cf. Orat. 94, also De Div. I. 62 minuti philosophi, Brut. 256 minuti imperatores. Stilponem, etc.: Megarians, see R. and P. 177—182. s?f?sµata: Cic. in the second edition probably introduced here the translation cavillationes, to which Seneca Ep. 116 refers, cf. Krische, p. 65. Fulcire porticum: "to be the pillar of the Stoic porch". Cf. the anonymous line e? µ? ?a? ?? ???s?pp??, ??? a? ?? St?a. Quae in consuetudine probantur: n. on 87. Nisi videret: for the tense of the verb, see Madv. Gram. 347 b, obs. 2. §76. Quid ... philosophi: my reading is that of Durand approved by Madv. and followed by Bait. It is strange that Halm does not mention this reading, which only requires the alteration of Cyrenaei into Cyrenaici (now made by all edd. on the ground that Cyrenaeus is a citizen of Cyreno, Cyrenaicus a follower of Aristippus) and the insertion of tibi. I see no difficulty in the qui before negant, at which so many edd. take offence. Tactu intimo: the word ?af? I believe does not occur in ancient authorities as a term of the Cyrenaic school; their great word was pa?? ?. From 143 (permotiones intimas) it might appear that Cic. is translating either pa??? or ????s? ?. For a clear account of the school see Zeller's Socrates, for the illustration of the present passage pp 293—300 with the footnotes. Cf. also R. and P. 162 sq. Quo quid colore: cf. Sext. A.M. VII. 191 (qu. Zeller Socrates 297, R. and P. 165). Adfici se: = pas?e??. Quaesieras: note the plup. where Eng. idiom requires the perfect or aorist. Tot saeculis: cf. the same words in 15. Tot ingeniis tantisque studiis: cf. summis ingeniis, maximis studiis in 15. Obtrectandi: this invidious word had been used by Lucullus in 16; cf. also I. 44. §77. Expresserat: "had put into distinct shape". Cf. 7 and I. 19. Exprimere and dicere are always sharply distinguished by Cic., the latter merely implying the mechanic exercise of utterance, the former the moulding and shaping of the utterance by conscious effort; cf. esp. Orat. 3, 69, and Ad Att. VIII. 11, 1; also De Or. I. 32, De Div. I. 79, qu. by Krebs and Allgayer. The conj. of Dav. exposuerat is therefore needless. Fortasse: "we may suppose". Nec percipere, etc.: cf. 68, n. Tum illum: a change from ille, credo (sc. respondit), the credo being now repeated to govern the infin. For the constr. after ita definisse cf. M.D.F. II. 13 (who quotes exx.); also the construction with ita iudico in 113. Ex eo, quod esset: cf. 18, n. Effictum: so Manut. for MSS. effectum, cf. 18. Ab eo, quod non est: the words non est include the two meanings "is non existent," and "is different from what it seems to be"—the two meanings of falsum indeed, see n. on 47. Eiusdem modi: cf. 40, 84. MSS. have eius modi, altered by Dav. Recte ... additum: the semicolon at Arcesilas was added by Manutius, who is followed by all edd. This involves taking additum = additum est, an ellipse of excessive rarity in Cic., see Madv. Opusc. I. 448, D.F. I. 43, Gram. 479 a. I think it quite possible that recte consensit additum should be construed together, "agreed that the addition had been rightly made." For the omission of esse in that case cf. Madv. Gram. 406, and such expressions as dicere solebat perturbatum in 111, also ita scribenti exanclatum in 108. Recte, which with the ordinary stopping expresses Cic.'s needless approval of Arcesilas' conduct would thus gain in point. Qy, should concessit be read, as in 118 concessisse is now read for MSS. consensisse? A vero: cf. 41. §78. Quae adhuc permanserit: note the subj., "which is of such a nature as to have lasted". Nam illud ... pertinebat: by illud is meant the argument in defence of ep??? given in 67; by nihil ... pertinebat nothing more is intended than that there was no immediate or close connection. Cf. the http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14970/14970-h/14970-h.htm[1/5/2010 10:31:57 AM]
The Project Gutenberg eBook of ... use of pertinere in D.F. III. 55. Clitomacho: cf. n. on 59. §§79—90. Summary You are wrong, Lucullus, in upholding your cause in spite of my arguments yesterday against the senses. You are thus acting like the Epicureans, who say that the inference only from the sensation can be false, not the sensation itself (79, 80). I wish the god of whom you spoke would ask me whether I wanted anything more than sound senses. He would have a bad time with me. For even granting that our vision is correct how marvellously circumscribed it is! But say you, we desire no more. No I answer, you are like the mole who desires not the light because he is blind. Yet I would not so much reproach the god because my vision is narrow, as because it deceives me (80, 81). If you want something greater than the bent oar, what can be greater than the sun? Still he seems to us a foot broad, and Epicurus thinks he may be a little broader or narrower than he seems. With all his enormous speed, too, he appears to us to stand still (82). The whole question lies in a nutshell; of four propositions which prove my point only one is disputed viz. that every true sensation has side by side with it a false one indistinguishable from it (83). A man who has mistaken P. for Q. Geminus could have no infallible mode of recognising Cotta. You say that no such indistinguishable resemblances exist. Never mind, they seem to exist and that is enough. One mistaken sensation will throw all the others into uncertainty (84). You say everything belongs to its own genus this I will not contest. I am not concerned to show that two sensations are absolutely similar, it is enough that human faculties cannot distinguish between them. How about the impressions of signet rings? (85) Can you find a ring merchant to rival your chicken rearer of Delos? But, you say, art aids the senses. So we cannot see or hear without art, which so few can have! What an idea this gives us of the art with which nature has constructed the senses! (86) But about physics I will speak afterwards. I am going now to advance against the senses arguments drawn from Chrysippus himself (87). You said that the sensations of dreamers, drunkards and madmen were feebler than those of the waking, the sober and the sane. The cases of Ennius and his Alcmaeon, of your own relative Tuditanus, of the Hercules of Euripides disprove your point (88, 89). In their case at least 'mind and eyes agreed. It is no good to talk about the saner moments of such people; the question is, what was the nature of their sensations at the time they were affected? (90) §79. Communi loco: t?p?, that of blinking facts which cannot be disproved, see 19. Quod ne [id]: I have bracketed id with most edd. since Manut. If, however, quod be taken as the conjunction, and not as the pronoun, id is not altogether insupportable. Heri: cf. Introd. 55. Infracto remo: n. on 19. Tennyson seems to allude to this in his "Higher Pantheism"—"all we have power to see is a straight staff bent in a pool". Manent illa omnia, iacet: this is my correction of the reading of most MSS. maneant ... lacerat. Madv. Em. 176 in combating the conj. of Goer. si maneant ... laceratis istam causam, approves maneant ... iaceat, a reading with some MSS. support, adopted by Orelli. I think the whole confusion of the passage arises from the mania of the copyists for turning indicatives into subjunctives, of which in critical editions of Cic. exx. occur every few pages. If iacet were by error turned into iaceret the reading lacerat would arise at once. The nom. to dicit is, I may observe, not Epicurus, as Orelli takes it, but Lucullus. Trans. "all my arguments remain untouched; your case is overthrown, yet his senses are true quotha!" (For this use of dicit cf. inquit in 101, 109, 115). Hermann approves the odd reading of the ed. Cratandriana of 1528 latrat. Dav. conjectured comically blaterat iste tamen et, Halm lacera est ista causa. Habes: as two good MSS. have habes et eum, Madv. Em. 176 conj. habet. The change of person, however, (from dicit to habes) occurs also in 101. Epicurus: n. on 19. §80. Hoc est verum esse: Madv. Em. 177 took verum as meaning fair, candid, in this explanation I concur. Madv., however, in his critical epistle to Orelli p. 139 abandoned it and proposed virum esse, a very strange em. Halm's conj. certum esse is weak and improbable. Importune: this is in http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14970/14970-h/14970-h.htm[1/5/2010 10:31:57 AM]
Page 1 and 2:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of ...
Page 3 and 4:
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58: The Project Gutenberg eBook of ...
Page 107: The Project Gutenberg eBook of ...
Page 141: The Project Gutenberg eBook of ...
show all

academica of cicero. - 912 Freedom Library

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?