Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C – A9003099 8.6 Consultation for National Parks and Protected Areas ..................................................252 8.6.1 Views of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.......................................................252 8.6.2 Views of the Office of National Parks and CHA............................................................................252 8.7 Consultation for Historical Sites...................................................................................253 8.7.1 Consultation with ARCCH and Information and Culture Bureau.................................................253 8.7.2 Consultation with Zonal and Wereda Authorities .........................................................................254 8.8 Consultation with NGOs and Other Organisations.......................................................254 8.9 Public Disclosure ..........................................................................................................254 9 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARISON......................................................................257 9.1 Forewords .....................................................................................................................257 9.2 Ranking methodology...................................................................................................257 9.2.1 Land lost........................................................................................................................................257 9.2.2 People affected ..............................................................................................................................258 9.2.3 Access............................................................................................................................................258 9.2.4 Cultural heritage...........................................................................................................................258 9.2.5 Downstream effects .......................................................................................................................259 9.2.6 Aquatic ecosystems........................................................................................................................259 9.2.7 The Scheme Impact Score..............................................................................................................259 9.3 The Impact of Gibe III..................................................................................................260 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................263 10.1 General Considerations.................................................................................................263 10.2 Pre-Construction Phase.................................................................................................263 10.3 Construction Phase .......................................................................................................263 10.4 Post-Construction/Operation Phase ..............................................................................264 11 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN..........................................................267 11.1 General Considerations.................................................................................................267 11.2 Construction Phase .......................................................................................................267 11.3 Post-Construction/Operation Phase ..............................................................................268 11.4 Monitoring Framework.................................................................................................270 11.5 Institutional Strengthening and Training ......................................................................270 12 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION, MANAGEMENT, MONITORING AND TRAINING COSTS ....................................................................................................275 12.1 Implementation Cost of ESMP.....................................................................................275 12.2 Funding Mechanism .....................................................................................................278 12.3 Implementation Schedule .............................................................................................278 13 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................285 13.1 Conclusions...................................................................................................................285 13.2 Recommendations.........................................................................................................286 13.2.1 Follow-Up Programmes................................................................................................................286 13.2.2 Public Consultation and Disclosure..............................................................................................287 14 REFERENCES............................................................................................................289 15 ANNEXES....................................................................................................................293 CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page v
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C – A9003099 List of Tables Table 0.1: Summary of Project Impact on Household Assets by Wereda and Project Component .......... 18 Table 0.2: Summary of estimated environmental mitigation, monitoring and training costs.................... 27 Table 3.1: Geometrical characteristics of the diversion tunnels................................................................ 53 Table 3.2: Spillway chute hydraulic analysis ............................................................................................ 57 Table 3.3: Middle Level Outlet – Hydraulic calculations main result....................................................... 58 Table 4.1: Flow chart of the Environmental Impact Assessment of a project........................................... 71 Table 4.2: Synthesis of Environment Impact Matrix................................................................................. 74 Table 5.1: Maximum monthly temperatures (°C)...................................................................................... 76 Table 5.2: Minimum monthly temperatures (°C) ...................................................................................... 76 Table 5.3: Mean monthly temperatures (°C) ............................................................................................. 76 Table 5.4: Mean monthly rainfall (mm) .................................................................................................... 77 Table 5.5: Mean monthly ETP (mm)......................................................................................................... 77 Table 5.6: Comparison between Mean monthly rainfall and ETP at dam site (mm) ................................ 77 Table 5.7: Description, according to FAO classification, of the soils identified in the reservoir area...... 92 Table 5.8: Physical data of the watersheds................................................................................................ 96 Table 5.9: Rainfall stations of the NMSA and periods of observation...................................................... 99 Table 5.10: Mean monthly and yearly rainfall for the all the considered gauging stations....................... 100 Table 5.11: Runoff stations of the EWRA and periods of observation ..................................................... 102 Table 5.12: Mean runoff estimated at dam site ......................................................................................... 106 Table 5.13: Monthly variability of runoff at Dam Site 5 in m 3 /s............................................................... 107 Table 5.14: Monthly variability of runoff at Dam Site 5 in Mm 3 .............................................................. 107 Table 5.15: Total annual and mean monthly runoff at Dam Site 5 in Mm 3 .............................................. 107 Table 5.16: Frequency Analysis – Growth Factors and Point Rainfall of Gibe III ................................... 109 Table 5.17: Point PMP within the project area.......................................................................................... 110 Table 5.18: Gibe III catchment – Areal Reduction Factors....................................................................... 111 Table 5.19: Gibe III catchment – Weiss correction factors ....................................................................... 111 Table 5.20: Gibe III Areal Rainfall Depths ............................................................................................... 112 Table 5.21: Gibe III Basin – 360 hrs (15 days) Design Hyetographs........................................................ 114 Table 5.22: Gibe III HMS model – CN values.......................................................................................... 114 Table 5.23: Gibe III HMS model – Tlag values ........................................................................................ 115 Table 5.24: Gibe III HMS Model – 10,000 yr Analysis Main Results...................................................... 116 Table 5.25: Gibe III HMS Model – PMF Analysis Main Results ............................................................. 116 Table 5.26: Gibe III Dam Site – Extreme Flood Hydrographs.................................................................. 117 Table 5.27: Comparison with Other Hydrologic Studies .......................................................................... 119 Table 5.28: Results of chemical analysis................................................................................................... 121 Table 5.29: Comparison table between two different sampling campain (2004 and 2006) at the same place ................................................................................................................................................ 122 Table 5.30: Land Cover Distribution in the Gibe III Reservoir Area........................................................ 124 Table 5.31: The species composition of Terraces III and IV .................................................................... 129 Table 5.32: Riparian macro-invertebrates at the Omo bridge ................................................................... 130 Table 5.33: Habitat integrity rating for the Omo dam site downstream.................................................... 131 Table 5.34: Habitat integrity rating for the Omo bridge site ..................................................................... 132 Table 5.35: Population of the Affected Weredas and Peasant Association (2006) ................................... 139 Table 5.36: Ethnic Composition by Wereda in the Project Area............................................................... 140 Table 5.37: Population of the Weredas by Type of Religion in Percentage.............................................. 140 Table 5.38: Livestock Population of the Affected Weredas...................................................................... 145 Table 5.39: Ten Top Diseases, 2004/05 .................................................................................................... 152 Table 5.40: Health Coverage of the Affected Weredas............................................................................. 153 Table 5.41: Health Institutions and Personnel in the Weredas.................................................................. 153 Table 5.42: Water Supply Coverage of the Affected Weredas (in %) ...................................................... 154 Table 5.43: NGOs working in the affected Wereda .................................................................................. 155 CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page vi
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