Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of the study It is a universal thought that infrastructure development and environmental protection should go hand in hand. This is inline with the national policy that the development of Hydropower infrastructures as well as other development activities has to follow the principle of development without destruction and measures must be adopted to have a stress free environment. Any environmental consequence has to be recognised early and taken into account in project design. By making project designers and implementing agencies attentive to environmental issues early, the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA): • enables them to take into account environmental issues; • helps to avoid unnecessary environmental costs in implementation; • provides a formal mechanism for inter-agency coordination to deal with the concerns of affected groups; • can play a major role in building capability in the country for the solution of environmental problems. The main purpose of ESIA can be stated as: • to identify and forecast the possible positive and negative impacts to the environment resulting from the proposed project; • to provide mitigation measures which up on implementation will reduce or offset the negative impacts of a project resulting in a minimal level of environmental degradation; • to measure the level of plan implementation and the degree of effectiveness of the above environmental protection provisions. 1.2 Background Ethiopia has an abundance of rivers that provide the country with the potential for large sustainable energy resources in the form of hydropower. Recent power planning studies have estimated that Ethiopia’s hydroelectric potential is in the order of 30,000 MW, a potential greatly in excess of foreseeable domestic demand. Currently only about the one per cent of the available total quantity is being harnessed for generating hydroelectric power. Preliminary investigations have indicated that the most promising sites could be developed at lower costs than other power generation options. Ethiopia’s 10 year perspective plan for the period 1984 to 1993 recognised the importance of low cost energy as an incentive to industrial and economic development. At the same time, the plan realised that export sales could provide an attractive long term development opportunity. Neighbouring countries are poorly endowed with water resources that can be converted to inexpensive energy and they face the continuing prospect of increasing oil imports in order to meet their own domestic demand. The Gibe cascade project is one of the most attractive potential hydroelectric developments in the country. The hydroelectric plants required to develop the full potential of the Gibe Omo River are: • GIBE I (Gilgel Gibe, in operation) CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 29
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 • GIBE II (under construction) • GIBE III (under construction) • GIBE IV (future proposal) The Gilgel Gibe I hydroelectric power plant was inaugurated on 22 nd February 2004. The project involved 307 experts from 32 countries, with a cost of about 256 million Euros. The World Bank Group (IDA) covered 68% of the total cost and the European Investment Bank (EIB) and Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO) financed the rest. EEPCO covering 16%. 12 companies, from Italy, Spain, Germany, Austria, Bosnia, France and Ethiopia were involved in the construction of this plant. In November 2002 a preliminary idea to exploit the very large geodetical head (i.e. 505 m) existing between the Gilgel Gibe river and the Omo river by constructing a 26 km long tunnel, which makes use of the water regulated by the Gilgel Gibe I hydroelectric project, was developed by Salini Costruttori S.p.A. This idea gave life to a project that had been developed, completed and delivered to the Ethiopian Authorities and submitted to EEPCO, including all the clarifications, modifications and observations requested by the Employer. During 2004 the Gibe II hydroelectric project has been authorized, so permitting the start of the works in June 2004. 1.3 Impact assessment responsibility and Assessment Team CESI, with the collaboration of MDI Consulting Engineers of Ethiopia, was charged with the responsibility of preparing the ESIA and to predict the likely environmental consequences of implementing project activities. A team was assembled and given the responsibility for conducting the ESIA and preparing the draft and final reports. The team was comprised of the following members. CESI Mr. Stigliano G. Paolo (Geologist, ESIA Team Leader) Mrs. De Bellis Caterina (Environmental Land Planning Engineer) Mr. Vendrame Paolo (Geologist) MDI Consulting Engineers Mr. Dejene Woldemariam (Environmentalist, Local team Leader) Mr. Bedilu Amare (Environmentalist) Mr. Bezawork Wondimu (Senior Surveyor) Mr. Demeke Hailu (Archaeologist) Mr. Habtamu Denbebo (Socio-Economist) Mr. Issayas Tadesse (Assistant Forester) Mr. Leykun Zerihun (Agriculture Expert) Mr. Mesfin Alemu (Livestock Expert) Mr. Mignote Zecharias (Gender Specialist/Water Supply Engineer) CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 30
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