Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 occurrence of rising waters in a number of priority spots (provisionally estimated in 50-100 locations) along the Omo river first 200 km downstream Gibe III Dam. The sirens will advice differently for Large Water Releases (Controlled Floodings) and Ordinary Discharges occurring daily as a result of Dam operations by mean of distinct warning signals to the understanding of which the residing population will be trained beforehand. The Warning Units will be remotely trigged by the Dam Control Station, on a pre-organised time sequence according to the river water speed, possibly coupled with water level gauges systems reacting to rising water levels placed in the immediate proximity of warning units. Sonic Devices and water level gauges with ultrasonic sensors will be operated by solar panels. Riparian Release/Environmental Flow: Although there is no regulation in Ethiopia defining required minimum flow in the rivers, a minimum flow would have to be maintained naturally to meet the ecological requirements of the Omo downstream. From the ecological point of view, the minimum flow in the normal dry season is the most relevant having little contribution from the tributaries downstream. The recorded natural minimum mean monthly flows is in the month of March (about 25 m 3 /s) and as a priority this value has been recommended as absolute minimum monthly average compensation flow which must be sustained the under whole operation of the scheme. This flow preserves the natural regime during the dry season. However, with plant operation because the flow will be regulated there will be the added environmental benefit of reducing the incidence of extreme low monthly average flows which have been experienced in the past. During reservoir filling, it is also recommended to release a compensation flow of about 25m 3 /s. Impacts on Fishery Resources: Concerning impacts on aquatic environment, the creation of additional water bodies would have a positive effect by significantly increasing a fishery potential in the area. A number of commercially important species are known to migrate from Lake Turkana into the Omo River for spawning. However, none of these migrants reach the middle or upper reaches of the system. Therefore, construction of the proposed Gibe III dam will not affect the populations of migrant fishes because their spawning sites are far downstream of the dam site. Endemic fish species of the lake will not be adversely affected by the project as their spawning and feeding grounds are located in connection to the Turkana lakeshore and the river delta areas. There are no fish species listed as threatened or endangered in any of the study reports of the River Omo basin fish fauna study that could be affected by the dam. However, the reduction in flood pulse may impact the spawning activities in the lower Omo. Therefore, it is planned to seasonally release more water to create flooding on the land bordering the Omo River. However, detailed monitoring is envisaged to determine the discharge mechanism and operational program (timing and volume of water discharge) and to ascertain how essential these floods are for the breeding success of fish species with commercial importance. 0.6.4 Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures: Gibe III-Sodo Transmission Line The principal potential adverse impacts associated with implementation of the proposed project mostly relate to the land take requirement to accommodate the transmission line and the associate facilities. Many of the other potential impacts will be short-term and reversible in nature and stem from ground disturbance, operation of equipment’s and housing of the labour force, but very few that will lead to permanenet change. CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 21
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 However, no adverse direct or indirect impacts are anticipated in respect to protected areas (i.e. national parks, controlled hunting areas, protected forest areas, etc.), sensitive habitat, wildlife or cultural heritage sites and no new access will be created to previously undeveloped areas. Realization of the proposed Gibe III-Sodo Transmission Line will have a varying degree of direct impact on productive farmlands belonging to the community in the affected weredas throughout the rout line. Therefore, the transmission line project will affect a total of 192 households, about 129 hectares of privately owned farmald, 192 residential housing units, and 26,892 perennial crops and other trees. Therefore, it is recommended to payment full and fair cash compensation, which leaves those, affected by relocation at least no worse off than they were previously. 0.6.5 Adverse Impacts and Mitigation Measures: Chida-Sodo Road Realignment The principal potentially adverse impact is the land and property expropriation associated with this realignment. Many of the other potential impacts will be short-term and reversible in nature and stem from ground disturbance, operation of equipment’s and housing of the labour force, but very few that will lead to permanent change. However, no adverse direct or indirect impacts are anticipated in respect to protect areas (i.e. national parks, controlled hunting areas, protected forest areas, etc.), sensitive habitat, wildlife or cultural heritage sites and no new access will be created to previously undeveloped areas. In relation to engineering design, due consideration ahs been given during the detailed design stage to reduce the need for land and property expropriation without significantly compromising the functionality of the road. However, even with these considerations, although this impact has substantially reduced, the issue of land and property expropriation will still have to be addressed. Based on the assessment result, the Chida-Sodo road realignment project will affect a total of 250 households, about 54.18 ha of farmland, 18 residential housing units, and 13,581 perennial crops and other trees. Most houses, however, are small and of simple construction, comprising wooden frameworks with mud plaster. Therefore, it is recommended to pay full and fair cash compensation, which leaves those, affected by realignment at least no worse off than they were previously. 0.6.6 Cumulative Impact Assessment The Gibe III hydropower project will be the third development of hydropower schemes (Gibe I, in operation and Gibe II under completion) on the main Gibe/Omo river. One other hydropower scheme-known as – Gibe IV is foreseen downstream on the Omo River. As part of this ESIA, a cumulative impact assessment was undertaken to analyse the combined impacts of these four projects. Their cumulative effects on the natural and social environment appear to be negligible due to their geographic location. 0.7 Environmental Management and Monitoring Program 0.7.1 Environmental Management The Environmental management plan describes the range of environmental issues associated with the project and outlines corresponding management strategies that will be employed to mitigate potential adverse environmental effects. CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 22
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