Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 12 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION, MANAGEMENT, MONITORING AND TRAINING COSTS 12.1 Implementation Cost of ESMP The total environmental mitigation, management, monitoring and training costs are summarised in Table 12.1 and amounts to some ETB 445.2 million. This estimate includes the costs for Resettlement Action Plan and downstream mitigations measures. Out of this, approximately ETB 40.5 million will be allocated to cover implementation of the environmental mitigation, management, monitoring programmes described in Chapter 7, 10 and 11 respectively. It should be noted that no significant increase in construction costs is expected in connection with requiring compliance with environmental protection clauses, since these merely require the contractor to behave in a responsible manner in relation to the environment and in accordance with good construction practice. Costs associated with several environmental mitigation and management plans are integral part of the construction contract (incorporated in unit rates and bill items), and no separate budget is necessary to cover these aspects. The cost estimate has made adequate provisions for contingencies and it has been considered as a component of the financial requirement of the project. Brief description of the various cost items are presented below: 1 Environmental Mitigation and Management Cost: Dam and Reservoir I Buffer area development: This measure is designed to compensate for the loss of natural resources and by developing buffer area and restoring the woodland resources over the steep slopes of the valley through enrichment planting and hillside closure by the user communities for multipurpose uses. The plan also includes creating awareness and initiate community participation in conservation and sustainable utilization of these resources through training. The buffer area development includes compensation for lost grazing area by the community. II Watershed management: Cost of protecting and rehabilitating forest cover in the Gibe III watershed to assure adequate water discharge with low suspended sediment. It also includes cost of conservation, maintenance and promotion of biological diversity. III Reservoir fish resources development: To create the opportunity for engagement in commercial fishery. This programme will expand PAPs non-farm income generating opportunity. The cost will cover key inputs and services and these include: access to raw materials and inputs (wooden planks fishing boats and fish collection boat, gill nets, fish box, etc.,) skill training, capacity building, access to credit services, etc. Fisheries development by taking into account present and future fishery potential through study and this include: a regular biological sampling of the fish stock, species diversity, abundance and distribution both in the reservoir and the Omo River IV Wildlife conservation initiatives: This is to provide financial assistance for wildlife conservation initiatives around the reservoir and to strengthen national parks and wildlife reserves located downstream of the reservoir. CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 275
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 2 Environmental Mitigation and Management Cost: Downstream Area I Development of flood recession agriculture: Various interventions are proposed to offset possible negative impacts stemming from possible difficulties in fully implementing designed controlled floods as planned. Together with this measure, more support actions are proposed for recession agriculture and meant to increase productivity and attain self-sufficiency in the lower Omo. II Irrigated Agriculture: the project would assist the lower Omo population by implementing and promoting small scale irrigation schemes. III Livestock production: Rangeland development and management, forage improvement and development, improvement of the veterinary services, and improved livestock practices. IV Fishery development: Expanding and developing the riverine and lake fishery to bring more income and improve the livelihood for the community. This requires inputs in terms of improved technical skill, fishing materials, infrastructure, processing, storage, transport and fish market facilities. V Socio-economic support programme: Since not only economic opportunities (other than traditional and subsistence farming), but also technical and business skills among the Lower Omo populations are very low. Therefore, they will be supported by the project through training, facilitation and capacity building so that they can set up profitable ventures. In addition to capacity building (at community and Wereda level), the Project would also finance livelihood economy diversification support programme and agriculture in service training for Farmers Training Centre (FTC). Under this programme, cooperatives will be established and capacity building and technical assistance will also be provided. VI Installation of flow variation acoustic warning system: “alert and danger” posts and acoustic signals shall be provided downstream of the dam to alert/inform about abrupt release of waters to the downstream communities. The cost is estimated to cover 50 -100 locations. VII Food aid during reservoir filling: The food aid is to compensate for the loss of flood recession cropping until such time their source of livelihood has been restored. It will be required during reservoir filling and before the start of controlled flooding. VIII Establishment of Data Collection and Monitoring Station at Omo Rate: This is a facility from which management, monitoring, technical support and training would be coordinated. 3 Resettlement Action Plan I Compensation for loss of farmland, houses and other assets: Given their preferences, PAPs will receive cash compensation and/or employment within the project. For loss of productive farmland PAPs will accept cash compensation amounting to forgone benefits of 10 years. Cash compensation for loss of houses and other assets will also be paid to PAPs and this estimate reflects current rebuilding costs. II Income restoration projects for the PAPs: The income restoration and improvement plan which directly targets PAPs incorporates various component activities including: land-agriculture based strategies (intensification of crop and livestock production through various extension packages), nonfarm income restoration strategies (such as small-scale trade, business enterprises, employment opportunities in project construction activities), labour-saving technologies for women (e.g. fuel saving CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 276
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