Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 Hydrology: As part of the monitoring process, hydrologic monitoring stations will be established to measure river inflow, stored water volume, volume of water used, down stream river flow, etc. Once the project becomes operational, river hydrology will continue to be monitored to enable adjustment of the operation of the project as required by the uncertainties of the hydrologic regime. Additionally, records of the inflow and outflow from the reservoir will be used in conjunction with water quality data. How the project affects other resources within the Omo River and downstream will also be evaluated. This monitoring primarily will be the responsibility of the Ministry of water Resources and EMU will coordinate the activities. Water Quality Monitoring: This monitoring program is required to establish the seasonal variation of water quality of the Omo River and its major tributaries (Gibe and Gojeb Rivers) and the reservoir. It will be monitored at a minimum of six locations and these include: on the Gibe and Gojeb Rivers (on both rivers upstream of the reservoir), at three locations along the reservoir and from the outfall. It is recommended that water quality sampling be undertaken at least two times per year in both high and low flow season. It is recommended to subcontract this activity to Addis Ababa University. Sediment Monitoring: Sediment transport in the Gibe, Gojeb and Omo Rivers to address the concern about accumulation of sediment in the reservoir once the dam is completed and the reservoir is impounded. The information will be used to determine the annual volume of sediment transported into the reservoir and if the predicted rate of accumulation is realized after the project becomes operational. This monitoring primarily will be the responsibility of Ministry of Water Resources and EMU will coordinate the activities. Aquatic Ecology: The purpose of this programme is to document how the aquatic community responds to the operation of the Gibe III scheme. Limnological sampling of microflora, micro fauna, aquatic weeds and benthic organisms will be carried out. Periodic inspection of the reservoir and the river in the lower Omo will be carried out. It is recommended to subcontract this activity to Addis Ababa University. Fish Stock: a regular biological sampling of the fish stock, species diversity, abundance and distribution both in the reservoir and the river would be necessary to detect and monitor any changes in the fish stock. Based on the outcome of the monitoring activities, the flow rhythm (of water to be released from the dam) be regulated and synchronised with the biological rhythm of the fish species to enhance or sustain the regular spawning activity of these downstream fishes. It is recommended to monitor the fishing activity and protect the brooding stock from being exposed to heavy fishing pressure as they aggregate at the river mouth and become more vulnerable to fishing. Terrestrial Ecology: The purpose of this programme is to monitor changes in the terrestrial community around the Reservoir and downstream of the Omo River. It is recommended to subcontract this activity to Addis Ababa University. Public Health: The monitoring of public health will focus primarily on the survey and prevalence of vectors in the reservoir and control of malaria, schistosomiasis and other epidemic diseases that may become established in the reservoir area. In addition, periodic survey will be conducted once the reservoir is filled to determine any further remedial measures that may be required to reduce the potential for establishment of mosquito and mollusc population within the reservoir area. It is recommended to jointly carryout this activity with the Ministry of Health or Health Bureau of the Region. Social status: - as a part of monitoring activity the social status of the community with regard to health, disease vector, in- and out- migration, the function and performance of the facilities and safeguard measures, CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 269
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 effectiveness of environmental requirements in controlling occupational hazards, waste collection facilities, establishment and function of pit latrines, will be considered during operation phase of the project. Compensation and Resettlement: Changes in economic and social status of compensated and resettled population including livelihood improvement. It is recommended to jointly carryout this activity with EMU and representatives from Regional and Wereda Office. Buffer Zone Management: As part of the environmental management, implementation of Buffer Zone Management programme is recommended. The purpose of this programme will be to monitor the effectiveness of the recommended Buffer Zone management interventions. It is recommended to jointly carryout this activity with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development. Construction Site Restoration: This programme will be maintained for only a short duration during the construction period and the cleanup of the construction site. The programme will have the responsibility of ensuring that the construction contractors implement environmental precautions and that the required landscaping and re-vegetation programme are implemented as part of the construction demobilisation process. 11.4 Monitoring Framework Effective monitoring of all stages of the project could be managed through an environmental management team. The principal aim of the environmental management team would be advising the project authorities and local administration about the best practicable means for protecting the environment during all stages of the project's life span it would provide the project developers and station operation managers with concrete proposals for monitoring the environment, and defined operational procedures for protecting the environment. The primary responsibility of this monitoring plan is of EEPCo. However, it is recommended that EEPCo involves other Agencies (including EPA) and sub-contractors as required to form the environmental management team. A public awareness program shall be initiated with emphasis on proper management of soil and forests in the watershed. The goal of education and public awareness is to develop the understanding and active participation of the local community on the program by seeing the direct benefit. It is recommended to provide all facilities (Office and Field) for the EMU staff to promote environmental awareness and protection within the river catchments. 11.5 Institutional Strengthening and Training The proclamation for the Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs No. 295/2002 requires at the Federal level each sectoral ministry to establish in-house Environmental Protection and Management Units to ensure harmony with respect to implementation of the Environmental Proclamations and other environmental protection requirements. This Unit will provide for a lower level inter-sectoral coordination structure. The establishment of environmental institutions in Ethiopia is still in the early stages of development. Environmental Monitoring Unit (EMU) within EEPCo which is the implementing agency is also a relatively CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 270
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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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