Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 The wildlife around the Park and CHA, have ample grazing land resources and therefore, the implementation of the Gibe III hydropower project will have no significant impact on the wildlife feeding sites. 8.7 Consultation for Historical Sites The Gibe III Hydroelectric project, will affect historical places found within the reservoir area. Therefore, in order to assess the potential impacts of the project on these sites, consultation and a rapid field assessment was made jointly with the experts and officials from the Federal Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH), Information and Culture Bureau of SNNPR, Zonal and Wereda Administration councils. The summary of consultation is presented below. 8.7.1 Consultation with ARCCH and Information and Culture Bureau Two Historical places i.e. King Halala wall of the Dawro Zone and king Ijajo Kella of the Wolayita zone will be partially submerged by the implementation of the project. Therefore, in order to verify the possible impacts and to recommend the mitigation measures, the consultation was initiated with the ARCCH and Information and Culture Bureau of SNNPR. As part of the consultation process, a field trip was arranged and conducted along the Omo River, in Wolayita and Dawro Zones from January 28 to February 4, 2007. During this consultation it was confirmed that the project will partially flood the existing historic walls. Therefore, the team has forwarded the following recommendation: • Immediate registration of the Ijajo kella of Wolayita and the Halala Kella of Dawro as cultural heritage by ARCCH. • Full documentation works should be carried out on the very high-risk sites. Further archaeological survey should be conducted in and around Dawro localities, which are parts of the risk zones. After a full record and documentation of those affected section of the wall, it is possible to flood the cultural remains/historical walls and allow the project to go-ahead • The walls of Ijajo and Halala urgently need the attentions of the ARCCH, the Information and Culture Bureau of SNNPR, Wolayita and Dawro Zones' Information and Culture Bureau, stakeholders and researchers. • In depth archaeological and Paleontolgical survey shall be conducted along the northern part of the Omo Valley between Wolayita to the east and Dawro to the west. This survey will help to collect prehistoric artefacts, hominid, fauna and flora fossils before these materials will be out of context by the alteration of the landscape due to the formation of the reservoir. • The administration of the Wolayita and Dawro Zone and its responsible offices should protect the wall of Ijajo from manmade and natural hazards. • Based on the results of scientific researches all responsible bodies together with stakeholders and collaborators should prepare management plans to protect, conserve and manage the remaining sites. • The concerned bodies should also encourage local and foreign researchers who are interested to study the walls of Ijajo and Halala in particular and the cultures of Wolayita and Dawro in general. • Above all, higher educational and research institutions should encourage their students to do archaeological and historical researches in Wolayita and Dawro Zones in particular and in southern Ethiopia on the whole. CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 253
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 8.7.2 Consultation with Zonal and Wereda Authorities Consultation was conducted with the Dawro zone council, Gena Bossa and Loma wereda of the Dawro zone and Kindo Koyisha wereda of the Wolayita zone administration council on the issues related to the impacts of the project on the historic walls. Local officials expressed their fear regarding the flooding of the walls. However, after consultation and a joint field visit to some of these sites it was confirmed that only a relatively small portion of the wall will be flooded. Therefore, from the consultation process the following were proposed: • Both Ijajo kella of Wolayita and the Halala Kella of Dawro should be registered immediately as cultural heritage; • Full documentation works should be carried out on the very high-risk sites before the sites will be flooded; • Further information should be collected and detailed study should be conducted to enrich the information regarding the impact of the project on both historical walls; • For those portions of the wall which will not be submerged by the reservoir, the administration of Dawro and Wolayita Zone and its responsible offices should protect the wall of Halala and Jiao from manmade and natural hazards (animal, human and developmental). 8.8 Consultation with NGOs and Other Organisations Currently Farm Africa, Ethiopian Pastoralist Area Research and Development Association (EPARDA), Catholic Church and Refuge Trust are those Non Governmental Organization’s which are actively involved in the social and development activities within the community in the Lower Omo area. These organizations are engaged in the activities of various socio-economic development sectors like the health, education, water supply, livestock disease, conflict resolution, food security, natural resource and agriculture. According to them, the implementation of Gibe III project will have an impact for the community residing along the lower Omo River on crop production, fish and livestock grazing. Therefore, development of small scale irrigation, forage development, demonstration plots for crop and forage, and fish marketing are some of the activities that will mitigate these impacts. During implementation of these measures, adopting such activities which are currently practiced by other organization has a paramount importance and helps to implement the interventions effectively. 8.9 Public Disclosure It should be emphasized from the out set that the Gibe III hydroelectric project involves a multitude of stakeholders ranging from project affected persons and communities to the project developer, regional and federal governments through to financiers, environmentalists NGOs, etc. Needless to argue that infrastructure projects such as Gibe III usually attract the attention of various stakeholders and hence are often prone to criticism. This is especially true in today’s highly globalized world. It is not the type and the number of criticisms made to an infrastructure project that is important. Rather, more important is the way how such criticisms, both constructive or otherwise, are handled or entertained and taken care of. CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 254
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