Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 would be proper range management and feeding practices. Therefore, the total amount of money required to compensate for the loss of grazing land by improving an estimated 10,000 ha floodplain grazing land is estimated at Birr 2 million; • To introduce milk processing plant in the weredas located downstream of the Gibe III scheme. This would not only insure that the pastoralist and agro-pastoralist get attractive prices for the milk they supply from farm by adding value, but will also introduce the much needed market oriented diversification in the agricultural system of the area. It could be managed and run by farmers who get specialised trainings; • To rehabilitate and strengthen the existing veterinary services and establishing new veterinary facilities in the affected weredas. The intervention would include strengthening the service with facilities, equipment, trained staff, drugs, etc. at wereda level; • To provide training for farmers, development and extension workers at wereda and community level. Photo 7.7: Forage Demonstration Site at Dasenech Wereda 7.5.8 Fishery Photo 7.8: Nursery Site at Hammer Wereda Karadus Kebele Under present ‘average’ flood condition, large tracts of floodplain are submerged annually along the Omo River and around the river mouth. These areas are essential for the breeding success of many species of commercial importance and any reduction in the area flooded or the duration of flooding would have consequences on the fishery resources. It is planned to seasonally release more water to create some floodplain condition and allow those fish species to spawn and maintain the recruitment level. However, the discharge mechanism and operational program (timing and volume of water discharge) should be arranged by considering the impacts on the fish stocks. To enhance the benefit from the planned release to cause flood pulse and avoid any potential impacts on fishery it is recommended to: • Assist the wereda agriculture and rural development offices to monitor the fishing activity and protect the brooding stock from being exposed to heavy fishing pressure as they aggregate at the river mouth and become more vulnerable to fishing; • Assist for the introduction and promotion of modern fishing technologies in the area in order to increase productivity and efficient utilization of the fishery resource; and CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 233
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 • Data on fish species composition and fish ecology in this region would be useful for deciding to regulate the flow and synchronise with the biological rhythm of the fish species to enhance or sustain the regular spawning activity of the fishes. Therefore, it is recommended to study the implications of various dam operating policies that might be feasible following the implementation of Gibe III scheme. 7.5.9 National Parks According to the information obtained from both Omo and Mago National Park officials, currently there is an effort to start community tourism by using boat transport from Lake Turkana via Omo gorge to the upstream National parks (Omo and Mago National parks). Community tourism is expected to help encourage the tourist to visit the different ethnic groups along the Omo River. Therefore, the following measures are recommended: • Adequate flows are essential for river navigation. Therefore, to avoid the potential impacts on the operation of this service, it is recommended to initiate consultation between the National Parks management team (for the planned community tourism) and the Gibe III plant operators on their operation programme (timing and volume of water to be discharged). • Seasonally more water will be released and flooding will be created on the land bordering the Omo River. This will create floodplain condition will also improve grazing resource for browsing animals in the park area. This will also help the local community not to encroach the national parks in search of grazing resources because of shortage of feed. 7.5.10 Dipa Hayk Lake Dipa Hayk is a lake that is used by the Karo community for recession cultivation, grazing resources and fishery. During the month of July to September the Omo River floods and fills the Dipa Hayk. This creates the opportunity for the local community to plant crops around the lake using recession cultivation for their subsistence need and they also fish from this lake. Therefore, to avoid the reduction in flood flow to Dipa Hayk and the associated potential impact to the community in terms of reduced crop harvest gain, fishing and availability of grazing for their livestock: • it is planned that annual flooding would occur to replenish the Dipa and other nearby lakes for recession cultivation, fishing and grazing resources; • construct appropriate structure that helps to divert water from the Omo (if required); and • assist for the introduction and promotion of modern fishing technologies in the area in order to increase productivity and efficient utilization of the fishery resource. 7.6 Impacts Associated with Ancillary Works 7.6.1 Quarries and Borrow Areas The construction of Gibe III hydropower scheme will require huge quantities of quarry material for various project uses, such as access road, the main dam and diversion dams, spillway, power station, intake structure, tunnels, etc. The principal environmental concern related to opening a quarry site include: visual impact, sedimentation of waterways, dust and noise nuisance, and public safety aspects associated with the storage and use of explosives. However, in this Project Area there is less concern regarding the impacts of quarry CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 234
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