Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 Figure 7.3: Comparison of Monthly flows with and without Gibe III The reservoir operation will also allow controlling the downstream peak floods, occurring in August/September, including the sudden and critical ones of wet years (increased in peak because of the deforestation of the basin) which often causes critical events as in year 2006. Average floods are however required both for environmental and human activities (flood retreat/river bank cultivation, fishery, grazing resources, etc.). Therefore a controlled environmental discharge is envisaged from the reservoir in the period August / September. This release is intended to limit the downstream flooding to the required extent, in duration and in areas, while reproducing the natural average flooding conditions. The annual flooding of the river banks of the lower Omo River soaks the land for traditional recession cultivation and dry season grazing, replenishes lakes and swamps on the floodplain and favours fish breeding. Therefore controlled floods during the rainy season are envisaged to recreate for the time necessary the natural hydrological regime downstream of the plant. The characteristics of these floods (duration, outflows) are: • Period : September (or last two weeks of August) • Flows : 1,000 – 1,200 m 3 /sec (at Gibe III) • about 1,600 m 3 /sec (at lake Turkana) • Duration : 10 days (peak flow) CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 227
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 Flows nearby the Lake Turkana will be therefore similar to the monthly average flows of August/September also during the dry years thus avoiding any critical drought event. The figures below illustrate the discharges of the Omo River nearby Lake Turkana during an average year and during a particularly dry year (1987). Figure 7.4: Monthly flows at Lake Turkana: average 1964-2001 Figure 7.5: Monthly flows at Lake Turkana: dry year 1987 (min flows) CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 228
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