Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 Zone Wereda Affected PA PA Area (ha) Affected area (ha) % affected Hadiya Kembata Tembaro Soro Gibe Kacha birra Omo Sheleko Jimma Omo Nada Yem Yem 7.4.5 Agro-pastoralists Population Buryo Lenge 3,951.1 33.7 0.9 Alowicho 7,652.9 126.8 1.7 Orcha 5,428.9 850.6 15.7 Gortancho 3,261.3 363 11.1 Fentachecho 5,446.2 16.1 0.3 Ambe Lenge 8,013.4 334.8 4.2 Ole 10,143.1 75.9 0.7 Sub Total 43,896.9 1,800.9 4.1 Seterena Wegno 4,942.3 13.2 0.3 Gesedan Kodada 2,767.2 27.6 1.0 Awosa 7,094.8 13.8 0.2 Halelech Bero 2,674.6 11 0.4 Sub Total 17,478.9 65.6 0.4 Ajura Mola 2,176.8 114.9 5.3 Sub Total 2,176.8 114.9 5.3 Farsuma 2,326.6 130.8 5.6 Mendeye 1,005.2 15 1.5 Belela 597.3 107.6 18.0 Debube Embukuna 2,085.4 69.4 3.3 War 3,635.2 479.4 13.2 Bachera 2,695.9 174.7 6.5 Bohe 2,295.2 41.5 1.8 Gaecha 4,963.7 441.7 8.9 Sub Total 19,604.5 1,460.1 7.4 Koda 18,570.5 173.1 0.9 Kefersa Bidaru 10,968.6 1,336.5 12.2 Sara Dumecho 5,896 33.1 0.6 Sunamala 3,154.9 144.9 4.6 Omo Duri 4,839.7 97.9 2.0 Haro Segeda 3,454.8 79.6 2.3 Bone Sarad 5,123.6 78 1.5 Boru Sekelga 4,252 65.8 1.5 Sub Total 56,260.1 2,008.9 3.6 Soruna Gone 8,091.7 153.3 1.9 Weyerana Kulz 1,519.2 7.9 0.5 Wgerona Azagna 3,272.2 53.4 1.6 Doyo 1,625.7 12.2 0.8 Sub Total 14,508.8 226.8 1.6 TOTAL 276,384.5 20,746.3 7.5 Several agro-pastoralists belonging to Hadiya community move from place to place along the banks of the Omo River in search of grazing for their livestock. The movement or transhumance of pastoralists is a rational and efficient response to the exploitation of arid environments. These agro-pastoralist groups move seasonally to make the best use of available resources. Movement with the livestock occur from the high CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 217
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 altitudes to the low altitudes during the dry season and from the low altitudes to the high altitudes in the wet seasons when there is pastor available in the highlands and water in the dry rivers. The agro-pastoralists mostly move in Omo Sheleko, Kacha Bira, Boloso Sore and Kindo Koyisha weredas in search of grazing resources for their livestock. They usually construct temporary residential houses for their short stay (for about three months). The loss of grazing land to flooding in these areas used by the agro-pastoralists communities will not bring about marked differences in the carrying capacity at present and also no gradual deterioration and undesirable effects could be observed in the future. This loss will not compromise the traditional lifestyle of these community and will not also push them into a more distant and marginal land. However, these communities will benefit from the recommended buffer area (integrated with feed resources) development plan. Bridge Across the Gibe River to Serve the Agro-pastoralists Community Along the Gibe, Gojeb and Omo River, established river crossings used by the agro-pastoral communities will be submerged by the long stretch of the Gibe III reservoir. To compensate for the loss of traditional crossing points it is recommended to construct a bridge across their major crossing point across the Gibe River. EEPCO is responsible to reinstate the cattle crossing at least at one location between Buryo Lenge and Ambe Lenge PAs of the Soro Wereda by financing the construction of a bridge across the Gibe River. The cost of construction is estimated at Birr 15 Million and this includes the cost of access road to the bridge site. 7.4.6 Public Health Damming and regulating rivers for hydroelectric project schemes can result in the tropics and sub-tropics in higher frequencies of water related diseases within the human population. The Project will likely increase the number of breeding sites for vectors through the creation of a reservoir. Current diseases and their vectors that have been identified as important for the project area include: malaria, schistosomiasis, etc. The potential public health impacts from various disease vectors species are, at this point not considered to be a major factor affecting the implementation of the project. However, for the control of these vector borne diseases and other communicable diseases it is recommended to adopt the following mitigation measures: • Environmental management by eliminating sources and habitat management against eggs, larvae and pupae, chemical methods (i.e. insecticides) and biological methods (i.e. using insect growth regulator such as fish or bacteria toxic to mosquito larvae); • Snails grow well on plants and cannot thrive without them and therefore, removing the aquatic vegetation is a simpler way to control snails; • After the implementation of the project, it is recommended to strengthen the existing health institutions in each affected weredas and start a surveillance program for mosquito breeding areas, the occurrence of schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis and trypanosomiasis vector suitable habitats. Most people in the project area are not aware of what causes vector borne diseases like malaria and shistosomiasis or how they get it. Through the regional and wereda health programme, the Project will support local health institutions in continuing the existing education of the population in prevention/control of malaria and other vector borne diseases. This education programme will also include disseminating CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 218
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