Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 However, only an estimated 47 households will lose their residential houses and other assets (i.e. perennial and annual crops and trees) around the homesteads due to the land requirement for the construction on EEPCO’s permanent camp and the road (See Table 7.3 and Photo 7.2). The resettlement/compensation strategies for the loss of housing and other related structures have been presented in the Resettlement Action Plan report. Table 7.3: Number of Residential Houses Affected by Project Component Project Components Total Houses by Type of Roof Material Road EEPCO Camp Reservoir Number Percent Number of Households 16 29 0 45 NA Houses with CIS Roof 6 14 0 20 42.6 Houses with Grass Roof 12 15 0 27 57.4 Total 18 29 0 47 100.00 Percent 38.3 61.7 0 100.00 Photo 7.2: Partial view of the Proposed Site for EEPCo’s Future Permanent Camp Site 7.4.3 Tribal People There are no ethnic minorities or tribal people whose traditional lifestyles could become compromised through the development of the proposed Gibe III scheme. Therefore, no indigenous development plan will be required. 7.4.4 Livestock Resources Loss of Grazing Land As discussed above, there is very little farming and grazing activity in the reservoir area due to a less favourable rainfall and the Tsetse fly infestation and the consequent occurrence of cattle disease, trypanosomiasis. The steepness of the slope on either side of the valley appears to be another important CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 213
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 factor which has discouraged the use of the valley for agricultural and grazing purposes. However, in times of feed shortage during the dry months of the year, livestock are taken to the lower altitude closer to the Omo River where water and pasture is available and with the risk of Tsetse infestation. In these areas farmers move their cattle only in times of the lowest risk into this area. With the beginning of the rain, when the occurrence of trypanosomiasis increases, farmers take back their livestock from the rivers to their permanent villages. The construction of the dam and creation of the reservoir is expected to flood an estimated 17,158 ha (see Table 5.30) of woodland grassland (See Photo 7.3). This loss would not bring about marked differences in the carrying capacity for cattle as it represents only 5.0% of the available woodland grassland vegetation in the affected weredas. The total land area affected by the reservoir is only 7.5% of the affected PA areas and its impact per PA is shown in Table 7.4. Photo 7.3: Recommended EEPCo’s Permanent Camp Site Although the loss of grazing land will not bring about marked difference in the carrying capacity for cattle, to offset these potential impacts posed by the project on the livestock feed resources and health it is recommended to implement the following compensation measures: Feed Resources Improvement: It is recommended to improve the feed resources in replacement of the flooded grazing resources by integrating improved forages and proper range management practices in the proposed buffer area. The improved forages include annual species of vetch and oats and from perennial species sesbania, leucenea and elephant grass. In addition, maintenance and planting of indigenous fodder species common to the area will be encouraged. The total amount of money required to compensate for the loss of grazing land by improving the buffer area to serve as grazing land is estimated at Birr 8 million. This includes cost of purchase, raising and management of annual and perennial improved forages and indigenous fodder species around major settlement areas within the affected PAs. This is a one time cost that will be incurred during the first year of the implementation phase. No other cost will be required thereafter, since CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 214
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