Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 which may be damaging to the river ecology. During operation shutdown, water should also be released to benefit the fish stock below the dam site; • The riverine fishery has not been considered for commercial fishing development to gain economic benefit up to now. However, with the reservoir fishery, the situation would be different. It is expected that many commercially valuale fish species like Nile perch, Lates niloticus, the Bagrus, Tilapia, Clarias, Barbus, and other large fisher species that are currently in the riverine system would adopt and flourish in the reservoir. This would create the opportunity to develop a commercial fishing industry that would support the local community econommically and nutritionally. Once the reservoir system is stabilised, with regard to its productivity, further study should be undertaken on the possibility and/or the need for stocking more fish species that could fill up open nitches to enhance productivity of the reservoir without negative impact on the exiting fish fauna. • Based on the outcome of the monitoring activities, the flow rhythm (of water to be released from the dam) be regulated and synchronised with the biological rhythm of the fish species to enhance or sustain the regular spawning activity of these migratory downstream fishes; and • Protect the brooding stock from being exposed to heavy fishing pressure as they aggregate at the river mouth and become more vulnerable to fishing. 7.3.5 National Parks and other Protected Areas Based on the review of available national and regional conservation area maps issued by the Federal Government of Ethiopia and other competent authorities, the Consultant has confirmed that: the project area is neither contiguous with, nor in close proximity with any of these nationally protected areas like National Parks, Wildlife Resources, and Controlled Hunting Areas. Therefore no direct mitigation measures are necessary. The government has classified 58 of the most important high forest areas as Regional Forest Areas (RFA) in the country. However, none of these RFAs are directly influenced by the Gibe III reservoir. There are many birds in the project area. However, none of the nationally designated Important Bird Areas are found anywhere near the project area. Therefore no direct mitigation measures are necessary. As discussed above, it is recommended to establish a buffer zone around the future reservoir area for the wildlife displaced during reservoir filling. This buffer Area will also support the bio-diversity conservation as it would enhance the biological value of the area. 7.4 Impacts on Socio-Economical Environment 7.4.1 Agriculture Realization of the proposed Gibe III Scheme (including EEPCO’s permanent camp and the Chida-Sodo Road Realignment) will impact an estimated 138.7 ha of cultivated land belonging to five PAs in two Weredas (See Table 7.2). This principal construction impact arises from the land-take requirements for the reservoir (70.4 ha) and construction of other facilities associated with Gibe III hydropower scheme. To accommodate the future operators dwelling, and the Chida-Sodo realignment an estimated 14.38 ha and 54.18 ha of farmland will also be affected respectively. This agricultural land is under annual cropping, most of which is for family subsistence, with a relatively small surplus being available for sale or trading. The resettlement/compensation strategies have been presented in the Resettlement Action Plan report. CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 211
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 Table 7.2: Households and Land Affected by Project Component and Wereda Wereda Household Affected Main Road Project Components Reservoir EEPCO Camp Total Percent Kindo Didaye 67 51 47 165 46.5 Kindo Koyisha 69 69 19.4 Loma 114 7 121 34.1 All Weredas 250 58 47 355 100.0 Percent Total Land 70.4 16.3 13.3 100 Kindo Didaye 8.89 50.05 22.95 81.99 43.34 Kindo Koyisha 25.56 - - 25.56 13.53 Loma 33.99 47.50 - 81.59 43.13 All Weredas 68.44 97.55 22.95 188.94 100.00 Percent Farmland 36.22 51.63 12.15 100.00 Kindo Didaye 7.1 42.14 14.38 63.62 45.9 Kindo Koyisha 19.14 - - 19.14 13.8 Loma 27.94 28.00 - 55.94 40.3 All Weredas 54.18 70.14 14.38 138.7 100.00 Percent 39.06 50.57 10.37 100.00 Photo 7.1: Partial View of Existing Farmland in the Reservoir Area 7.4.2 Housing and Settlements According to information obtained during the survey, in spite of the fact that the size of the project area is large which affects 67 PAs in eleven weredas, no households will lose their residential houses to the reservoir. This is mainly because settlements are mostly on highland and far away from the Omo River and the future reservoir. CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 212
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