Environmental and Social Impact Assessment - Gibe III

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Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 Photo 5.17: Livestock crossing the Omo river to one of the Islands Photo 5.18: Typical grazing area for Dasenech people near Lake Turkana 5.4.7 Fishery Photo 5.19: Islands along the Omo River used for livestock grazing Fish occur in all major rivers and tributaries throughout the Omo River (See Figure 5.18), although numbers and species types would fluctuate during the wet and dry seasons, particularly in the smaller tributaries. Fish resources are fairly evenly distributed along the Omo River course and the riverine fish species at Omo rate are mainly Nile perch, two types of catfish, elephant fish (Mormyrus spp), Distichodus and barbs (Bagrus spp). Catfish reportedly dominate the catches. Tiger fish (Hydrocynus vittatus) were reportedly caught at most locations along the Omo River. 80% of the fish caught at Lake Turkana is Zilapia and the remainder is catfish (Clarias spp), elephant fish (Heterouts niloticus) Nile perch and Distichodus (Distichodus niloticus). It is reported that the catch rates and fish sizes indicate under-exploited fish populations. No riverine fish is exported out of the lower Omo. The main problem for developing fishing in the middle reaches of the Omo system is the lack of an appropriate infrastructure. CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 177
Gibe III – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 300 ENV R CS 002 C - A9003099 Photo 5.20: Typical fishing activities at the mouth of Omo River near Lake Turkana The Bacha people are found on the Omo River in the vicinity of Hana and they rely almost exclusively upon fish for their existence. They supplement this diet with grains through rudimentary cultivation along the river banks during the wet season. They occasionally sell dried fish on the local markets in order to buy items such as clothes or utensils. The Dasenech people are found at Bubua on the northern shore of Lake Turkana and they also rely exclusively upon fish for their subsistence. In addition to these two ethnic groups, there are few “full-time” fishermen operating on the Omo River around Omo Rate. There is a small surplus catch which is sold locally in Omo Rate, but the availability of fresh fish in the town is sporadic and fish eating is not widely accepted. All other people in the lower part of the Omo are agropastoralist or pastoralist cattle herders. These people do not catch or eat fish and consider fishing and those who engage in it as inferior and primitive. Commercial fishing activity was initiated by Ethiopian Fish Production and Marketing Enterprise and by the Region Pastoral Area Development Coordination Commission within the Lower Omo River including the part of Lake Turkana, which lies within Ethiopia. The Commission established an association having 100 members from the pastoral community and The Ethiopian Fish Production and Marketing Enterprise organized around 15 individual for commercial fishing activities around Lake Turkana. One Investor and the Ethiopian Fish Production and Marketing Enterprise collect production from those Fishery associations and send to the central Market. On the contrary, the fishing that does occur along the Omo River by various ethnic groups is limited to basic subsistence fishing. CESI SpA - Mid-Day International Consulting Engineers Page 178
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