flora and vegetation of the happy valley mining leases - Bemax ...

FLORA AND VEGETATION OF THE
HAPPY VALLEY MINING LEASES
Prepared for:
Cable Sands (WA) Pty Ltd
Koombana Drive
North Shore
BUNBURY
Prepared by:
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
PO Box 341
KALAMUNDA 6926
And
Onshore Environmental Consultants Pty Ltd
PO Box 227
YALLINGUP 6282
June 2006

STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS
Scope of Services
This report (“the report”) has been prepared in accordance with the scope of services set out in the contract,
or as otherwise agreed, between the Client and Eleanor Bennett (“the Author”). In some circumstances a
range of factors such as time, budget, access and/or site disturbance constraints may have limited the scope
of services.
Reliance on Data
In preparing the report, the Author has relied upon data, surveys, analyses, designs, plans and other
information provided by the Client and other individuals and organisations, most of which are referred to in
the report (“the data”). Except as otherwise stated in the report, the Author has not verified the accuracy or
completeness of the data. To the extent that the statements, opinions, facts, information, conclusions and/or
recommendations in the report (“conclusions”) are based in whole or part on the data, those conclusions are
contingent upon the accuracy and completeness of the data. The Author will not be liable in relation to
incorrect conclusions should any data, information or condition be incorrect or have been concealed,
withheld, misrepresented or otherwise not fully disclosed to the Author.
Environmental Conclusions
In accordance with the scope of services, the Author has relied upon the data and has conducted
environmental field monitoring and/or testing in the preparation of the report. The nature and extent of
monitoring and/or testing conducted is described in the report.
The conclusions are based upon field data and the environmental monitoring and/or testing carried out over
a limited period of time and are therefore merely indicative of the environmental condition of the site at the
time of preparing the report. Also it should be recognised that site conditions, can change with time.
Within the limitations imposed by the scope of services, the field assessment and preparation of this report
have been undertaken and performed in a professional manner, in accordance with generally accepted
practices and using a degree of skill and care ordinarily exercised by reputable environmental consultants
under similar circumstances. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made.
Report for Benefit of Client
The report has been prepared for the benefit of the Client and no other party. The Author assumes no
responsibility and will not be liable to any other person or organisation for or in relation to any matter dealt
with or conclusions expressed in the report, or for any loss or damage suffered by any other person or
organisation arising from matters dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report (including without
limitation matters arising from any negligent act or omission of the Author or for any loss or damage
suffered by any other party relying upon the matters dealt with or conclusions expressed in the report).
Other parties should not rely upon the report or the accuracy or completeness of any conclusions and
should make their own enquiries and obtain independent advice in relation to such matters.
Other Limitations
The Author will not be liable to update or revise the report to take into account any events or emergent
circumstances or facts occurring or becoming apparent after the date of the report. The scope of services
did not include any assessment of the title to or ownership of the properties, buildings and structures
referred to in the report nor the application or interpretation of laws in the jurisdiction in which those
properties, buildings and structures are located.

INDEX
SUMMARY ..............................................................................................................................................i
1. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................1
1.1 Proposed Mining Project .......................................................................................................1
1.2 Flora and Vegetation Survey.................................................................................................1
2. OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................................................1
3. METHODS .....................................................................................................................................2
4. RESULTS .......................................................................................................................................2
4.1 Land Units.............................................................................................................................2
4.2 Vegetation Complexes ..........................................................................................................3
4.3 Significant Flora....................................................................................................................4
4.3.1 Declared Rare Flora..........................................................................................................5
4.3.2 Priority Flora................................................................................................................5
4.3.3 Flora or Interest ................................................................................................................6
4.4 Vegetation Units....................................................................................................................6
4.5 Vegetation Complexes ........................................................................................................12
4.6 Vegetation Condition ..........................................................................................................13
4.7 Threatened Ecological Communities...................................................................................14
4.8 Relationship to Mapped Vegetation Units...........................................................................14
4.9 Flora ....................................................................................................................................15
4.10 Introduced Species ..............................................................................................................16
5. COMPARISON WITH WILDFLOWER SOCIETY DATA .......................................................16
5.1 General Comparisons ..........................................................................................................16
5.2 PATN Analysis ...................................................................................................................19
6. DISCUSSION...............................................................................................................................19
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................................................................................21
8. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................22
APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................................................24
Taxa Recorded...................................................................................................................................24
APPENDIX B.........................................................................................................................................32
Quadrat Data......................................................................................................................................32
APPENDIX C.........................................................................................................................................75
Maps ..................................................................................................................................................75
APPENDIX D ........................................................................................................................................82
Vegetation Map Units........................................................................................................................82
APPENDIX E.........................................................................................................................................85
T.E. Griffin & Associates Report ......................................................................................................85

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SUMMARY
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
At a meeting on the 14 th of September 2005 the Environment Branch of the Department of
Environment (DoE) required that the following components were surveyed and reported:
� Quadrats formed a continuum from the ‘Cartis’ lower slopes (Swan Coastal Plain) up the
Whicher Scarp (‘Whicher Slopes’) and onto the lateritic uplands (‘Kingia ridges’); and
� Quadrats were established in drainage lines & drainage depressions present within the
survey area.
In addition, quadrats were placed above the delineated orebodies at Happy Valley North
(HVN) and Happy Valley South (HVS), as well as outside the areas of proposed disturbance,
to determine if vegetation complexes were duplicated in the surrounding bushland.
A total of 40 quadrats were monitored during the survey resulting in 286 taxa, 149 genera and
48 vascular plant families being recorded. The 40 quadrats are additional to those surveyed by
Environmental Survey and Management Pty Ltd in 1999.
Vegetation condition ranged between ‘good’ and ‘excellent’, but it is noted that quadrats were
selected for vegetation that was of better condition. The dominant tree taxa recorded varied
on the basis of soil type. Banksia attenuata was recorded in deep sandy soils lower in the
landscape, with Corymbia haematoxylon typically in the heavier, loamy soils at elevated sites.
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla occurred across all soil
types. Similarly while many of the understorey species were widespread, others were
restricted to a particular soil type.
One Declared Rare Flora and four Priority Flora were recorded during the survey:
DRF - Daviesia elongata subsp. elongata
Priority 1 Flora - Andersonia ferricola
Priority 1 Flora - Boronia humifusa
Priority 2 Flora - Stenanthemum sublineare
Priority 4 Flora - Franklandia triaristata
Daviesia elongata subsp. elongata was recorded as a single plant from only one quadrat (Site
17). The DRF was restricted to a small proportion of the HVS project area, part of which is
outside the orebody and hence will not be disturbed. A new and much larger population was
recorded south of the project and supported thousands of individuals. The taxon appears to be
a colonising ‘pea’ species, the germination of which is triggered by disturbance events
including fire and mechanical scarification.
Three of four Priority Flora at Happy Valley were recorded outside of the proposed clearing
area and will not be disturbed by mining; Andersonia ferricola (P1), Stenanthemum sublineare
taxon nov. (P2) and Franklandia triaristata (P4). Boronia humifusa (P1) was recorded from
16 of the 40 quadrats and was confirmed to be distributed widely across the entire survey area,
including the proposed clearing footprint at both HVN and HVS.
T.E. Griffin and Associates provided a draft statistical analysis for the 40 Happy Valley
quadats, separating them into 15 groups. The analysis suggests that vegetation units recorded
within the disturbance footprint at HVN and HVS are represented in surrounding bushland
that will remain undisturbed.
A PATN analysis of the Happy Valley data, Wildflower Society data, and Swan Coastal Plain
data indicated that:
� The total number of taxa recorded for the 40 Happy Valley quadrats was less than
that for the Wildflower Society quadrats;
� Fewer taxa in the families Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Dasypogonaceae, Anthericaceae,
Iridaceae, Papilionaceae and Goodeniaceae were recorded from the Happy Valley
quadrats in comparison to the Wildflower Society quadrats;

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Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
� The Happy Valley quadrats were related to Floristic Community Types 1a and
FCT1b, and a few to FCT21b. There was a group of Happy Valley quadrats that
were transitional between FCT 21b and FCT1b; and
� None of these FCT’s identified are listed as Threatened Ecological Communities
(Department of Conservation and Land Management, 2006).
It has been recognised that the geographic distribution of the classification groups is largely
Numerous flora and vegetation surveys have been commissioned by Cable Sands at the Happy
Valley project area, spanning 1999-2005. A number of different botanists have provided
similar conclusions in relation to the conservation status of vegetation within proposed areas
of clearing and across the entire mining lease. Important observations and conclusions are
listed below:
� None of the vegetation complexes identified are listed as Threatened Ecological
Communities;
� One Declared Rare Flora occurs on a small portion of the Happy Valley South
deposit. This species is a post-disturbance coloniser that establishes following
mechanical scarification (fire breaks, tracks) and fire. The life span is relatively
short-lived. Cable Sands recorded a previously undetected population of the DRF
south of the Happy Valley South mining lease, comprising thousands of individuals
and occurring across a relatively large area. A number of additional populations have
been resurveyed in an effort to condense the current information base for this taxon;
� Three of four Priority Flora occur well outside of the proposed clearing area at the
Happy Valley deposits and will not be disturbed by mining; Andersonia ferricola
(P1), Stenanthemum sublineare taxon nov. (P2) and Franklandia triaristata (P4).
Boronia humifusa (P1) was recorded from 16 of the 40 quadrats and was confirmed
to be distributed widely across the entire survey area. Clearing associated with mine
development at HVN and HVS will not impact on the survival of this population.
� PATN analysis confirmed the Happy Valley quadrats were related to Floristic
Community Types 1a and 1b, with a few quadrats showing a closer affinity to
Floristic Community Type 21b. None of these Floristic Community Types identified
are listed as Threatened Ecological Communities (Department of Conservation and
Land Management, 2006).
All the conditions as set down at the meeting with Environment Branch of the Department of
Environment (DoE) on the 14 th of September 2005 were surveyed and reported.

1. BACKGROUND
1.1 Proposed Mining Project
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Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
The Happy Valley project comprises two deposits, ‘Happy Valley North’ (M70/901) and ‘Happy
Valley South’ (M70/899 & M70/900). The ‘Happy Valley North’ deposit (HVN) occurs
immediately south of Gavins Road in the Argyle State Forest Block. The ‘Happy Valley South’
deposit occurs approximately 1.5 km south west of HVN; half of the deposit overlays a corner of
the Argyle State Forest Block, with the remainder occurring on privately owned land.
Cable Sands has committed to absolutely minimise the area of native vegetation cleared during
mining, restricting clearing to the perimeter of the ore body and critical infrastructure lay down
areas. The majority of mining infrastructure will be situated on previously disturbed farmland or
blue gum plantation, which the Company has acquired as freehold land. The area of native
vegetation that will be cleared at the HVN and HVS project areas will be restricted to 42.0 ha and
60.5 ha respectively with 43.8ha of this in unreserved State Forest.
1.2 Flora and Vegetation Survey
Environmental Survey and Management Pty Ltd (1999) mapped the vegetation of the Gwindinup
lease in 1998 and 1999 during which 10m x 10m quadrats were established both within and
outside of the lease. The vegetation for that report was mapped at the vegetation complex level.
An additional survey was undertaken in 2000 (Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd, 2001)
in which Location 215 was also mapped at the vegetation complex level. A requirement of the
Department of Environmental Protection was that the area should be mapped at vegetation unit
level. Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd was commissioned by Cable Sands (WA) Pty
Ltd to undertake this task (Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd, 2003) but no quadrats were
established. This survey was an overview of the vegetation units within the lease, using the
quadrat information of Environmental Survey and Management Pty Ltd and by ground truthing.
Pinpoint Cartographics prepared a vegetation map of this survey.
In early December 2003 Dr Bennett and Dr Brearley surveyed the Gwindinup lease to map the
distribution of Declared Rare and Priority Flora in the Happy Valley North lease (Bennett
Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd, 2004). In 2004 Mrs Keighery and members of the Wildflower
Society established permanent 10m x 10m quadrats in the state forest, which is included in the
Gwindinup lease of Cable Sands Pty Ltd (B. Keighery, pers. comm.).
Cable Sands (WA) Pty Ltd intends to progress the potential mining of the Happy Valley North
section of the Gwindinup lease and commissioned Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd to
undertake the required botanical survey. As the some of the area is included in a State Forest a
meeting was held with the Environment Branch of the Department of Environment (DoE) on the
14 th of September 2005 to ensure that the objectives were achieved.
2. OBJECTIVES
The objectives are to meet the requirements of the Environmental Protection Authority (2005).
These include the:
� Establishment of permanent 10m x 10m quadrats
� Listing of all species within the quadrats including average height and an estimation
of foliage cover
� Cover of different strata
� Soil
� Topography
� Vegetation condition

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The quadrats were to be established along vegetated transects including:
� Coastal Plain up the Scarp
� Cartis soil up the Scarp
� Following drainage lines
Declared Rare and Priority Flora and other significant flora were to be recorded.
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
B. Keighery provided the data collected by the Wildflower Society of Western Australia in the
area. This data, plus data relevant to the area collected during Gibson et al. (1994) was to be
compared using PATN with the data collected during the current survey.
3. METHODS
Field work was undertaken between 31 st October and 5 th November 2005. Permanent 10m x 10m
quadrats were placed N, S, E, and W with the GPS reading (WGS84) and photograph taken at the
NW corner. This method also follows the methods set out in the EPA Guidance No 51 (2004).
The quadrats were selected to meet the requirements of the objectives and to ensure that sites were
sampled both within and outside of the ore body. All species present within the quadrats were
recorded together with their percentage cover. No opportunistic species were included as it is
only the quadrat data that is analysed. There is an extensive species list from the several surveys
already undertaken.
During the current survey a total of 40 permanent quadrats were established and monitored for
vegetation unit, species present and vegetation condition. The quadrats were selected for the
variations in vegetation and for the best condition.
4. RESULTS
4.1 Land Units
The two land units occurring on the flat and the lower slopes of the Happy Valley area are the
Pinjarra and Forrestfield. The following information has been extracted from AgMaps Land
Profiler (Department of Agriculture, 2003) for the Shires of Capel, Busselton and Augusta-
Margaret River.
Diagram 1. Land Units as recognised
by Department of Agriculture (2003)
Forrestfield Phase
Cartis (CSs). Rapidly drained deep bleached grey
sand and occasionally deep yellow brown sands.
Minor occurrence of gravel
Whicher Subsystem
WC2. Gentle smooth lateritic slopes. Duplex
sandy gravels
WCv Minor valleys. Duplex sandy gravels
Rosa Subsystem
Gentle valley slopes and foot slopes. Sandy
gravels, loamy gravels, deep sands and sandy earths
Kingia Subsystem
Broad undulating lateritic crests and divides. Sandy
gravels with some deep sands
Pinjarra P8 System
Broad poorly drained flats and poorly defined
stream channels. Moderately deep to deep sand
over mottled clays

4.2 Vegetation Complexes
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Heddle et al. (1980) list the Kingia Vegetation Complex and the Cartis Vegetation Complex as
occurring on the Blackwood Plateau. To the west of the Cartis Vegetation Complex is the
Guildford Vegetation Complex of the Swan Coastal Plain. Tille and Lantzke (1990) state that the
Whicher Scarp System is a low scarp separating the Blackwood Plateau and the Swan Coastal
Plain. It has lateritic gentle slopes (Whicher Subsystem) with gravels. The footslopes of the
Whicher Scarp are a major recharge zone for aquifers of the Swan Coastal Plain. For the
subsystems identified within the lease area, which lie within the Donnybrook Sunkland Zone, a
total of 17,174ha of the Rosa subsystem, 4438ha of the Whicher subsystem and 40,538ha of the
Kingia subsystem are listed. However there is no statement as to how much of this are remnant
vegetation and how much is under cultivation as the area is recorded from an agriculturalists
perspective. Mattiske and Havel (1998) give the following information for the vegetation
complexes identified at the lease. Rosa vegetation Complex occurs in valley floors whilst Cartis,
Kingia and Whicher are all upland vegetation complexes of the Blackwood Plateau and Plain.
Survey area outlined
in blue
Area with red cross
to be retained as
conservation
Diagram 2. Vegetation Complexes identified at Happy Valley (Environmental Survey and
Management Pty Ltd (1999).

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Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Environmental Survey and Management Pty Ltd (1999) mapped the vegetation complexes using
those of the Mattiske and Havel (1998). Within the Happy Valle study area, five were identified –
Cartis, Kingia on shallow sands and Kingia on lateritic gravels, Whicher in sandy valleys and
Whicher on sandy slopes. One area of Cartis vegetation, indicated in Diagram 2, is to remain in
conservation.
Very little of the Swan Coastal Plain vegetation remains in this area as it has been cleared and
used to run stock for decades. The Environmental Protection Authority (2002) developed a
strategy for identifying regionally significant areas in the Greater Bun bury Region Scheme
portion of the Swan Coastal Plain, which includes areas lower than the lease. Tille and Lantzke
(1990) indicate the lower areas of the lease as being included in the Curtis Vegetation Complex,
which is included as a complex of the Swan Coastal Plain. It is shown as adjoining the Forrest
field Vegetation Complex of the Swan Coastal Plain of which in the Greater Bunbury Region
there was originally 1940ha of which 475ha remain, representing 25% of the original area. The
remaining areas of Cartis to the west of the lease area are basically cleared of all vegetation.
There is no direct link with the lease area and the Swan Coastal Plain although there are vegetated
links through the scarp vegetation complexes from the Cartis Vegetation Complex through to the
Whicher Vegetation Complex. The objective of the Environmental Protection Authority (2000)
and Commonwealth of Australia (2001) is to retain 30% or more of the pre-clearing extent of each
ecological community if biodiversity is to be protected.
4.3 Significant Flora
Table 1. Code and description of Rare and Priority Flora
Code Code Declared Rare and Priority Flora Categories
R DRF (Declared Rare Flora) -Extant Taxa. Taxa, which have been adequately
searched for and are deemed to be in the wild either rare, in danger of extinction, or
otherwise in need of special protection.
X DRF (Declared Rare Flora) -Presumed Extinct Taxa. Taxa which have not been
collected, or otherwise verified, over the past 50 years despite thorough searching,
or of which all known wild populations have been destroyed more recently.
1 Priority One -Poorly Known Taxa. Taxa, which are known from one or a few
(generally

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HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Code Code Declared Rare and Priority Flora Categories
ExW Extinct in the Wild
Taxa which is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised
population well outside its past range; or it has not been recorded in its known
and/or expected habitat, at appropriate seasons, anywhere in its past range, despite
exhaustive surveys over a time frame appropriate to its life cycle and form.
CE Critically Endangered
Taxa which at any particular time if, at that time, it is facing an extremely high risk
of extinction in the wild in the immediate future, as determined in accordance with
the prescribed criteria.
E Endangered
Taxa, which is not critically endangered, and it is facing a very high risk of
extinction in the wild in the immediate or near future, as determined in accordance
with the prescribed criteria.
V Vulnerable
Taxa which is not critically endangered or endangered and is facing a high risk of
extinction in the wild in the medium-term future, as determined in accordance with
the prescribed criteria.
CD Conservation Dependent
Taxa which at a particular time if, at that time, the species is the focus of a specific
conservation program, the cessation of which would result in the species becoming
vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered within a period of 5 years.
4.3.1 Declared Rare Flora
One Declared Rare Flora, Daviesia elongata subsp. elongata has previously been recorded from
the HVS project area. An extensive search of the Happy Valley mining leases was undertaken in
2003 (Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd, 2004), resulting in low numbers of plants being
recorded at disturbed sites at one section of HVS. A search of vegetation occurring along tracks
outside of the project area confirmed new and very large populations of Daviesia elongata subsp.
elongata (Figure 4, Appendix C).
During the 2005 survey, Daviesia elongata subsp. elongata was recorded as a single plant from
only one quadrat (Site 17). The DRF was restricted to a small proportion of the HVS project area,
part of which is outside the orebody and hence will not be disturbed.
4.3.2 Priority Flora
A total of four Priority Flora were recorded within the Happy Valley project area (Figure 3,
Appendix C).
Andersonia ferricola (P1) was recorded from 3 quadrats; south east of the HVN deposit and south
of the HVS deposit. All recorded plants were outside of the proposed area of clearing and will not
be disturbed by mining.
Boronia humifusa (P1) was recorded from 16 quadrats distributed widely across the entire survey
area, including the proposed clearing footprint at both HVN and HVS.
Stenanthemum sublineare taxon nov. (P2) was recorded from a single quadrat situated well
outside and north west of the HVS deposit. All recorded plants were outside of the proposed area
of clearing and will not be disturbed by mining.
Franklandia triaristata (P4) was recorded from a single quadrat situated well outside and west of
the HVS deposit. All recorded plants were outside of the proposed area of clearing and will not be
disturbed by mining.

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HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Table 3. Quadrats and Location of Priority Flora
SIGNIFICANT TAXON QUADRAT NUMBER
Andersonia ferricola 20,21,25
Boronia humifusa 1, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 28, 31, 32, 35, 37
Franklandia triaristata 16
Stenanthemum sublineare taxon nov. 11
4.3.3 Flora or Interest
G. Keighery (pers. comm.) has nominated the following taxa as being of interest. However, none
are listed as Priority Flora.
Table 4. Quadrats and location of ‘flora of interest’
SIGNIFICANT TAXON QUADRAT NUMBER
Daviesia nudiflora subsp. nudiflora 1, 8, 9, 12, 17, 18
Ricinocarpos cyanescens 1, 2, 7, 8, 12, 17, 22
Logania connii 9, 13, 14, 18, 29, 31, 32, 33, 37
Platytheca sp Argyle (G.J. & B.J. Keighery 281) 10, 14, 20, 21, 22
Lomandra sp. nov. 32, 33
Xanthorrhoea sp. nov 32,33
Daviesia nudiflora subsp. nudiflora and Ricinocarpos cyanescens were widely distributed across
the HVS project area, occurring both within and outside the area of proposed disturbance.
Logania connii was recorded across the entire Happy Valley project area, occurring both within
and outside the area of proposed disturbance.
Platytheca sp Argyle (G.J. & B.J. Keighery 281) was recorded from outside the HVS project area,
occurring densely along the drainage line and depressions to the south.
Dr Bennett and Dr Brearley were shown the location of Lomandra sp. nov. and a plant resembling
Xanthorrhoea acanthostachya by B. Keighery. Both taxa were situated on ridges west of the
HVN deposit, well outside the area of proposed disturbance. No plants will be impacted by
proposed mining.
4.4 Vegetation Units
A total of 40 quadrats were established during this survey. Map 2 in Appendix C provides the
locations of these quadrats (HV) and those of Environmental Survey and Management Pty Ltd (no
prefix) illustrating the extensive amount of surveying that Cable Sands (WA) has commissioned
for the area.
In Appendix B the vegetation units are described for each quadrat using the classification set out
in Table 5. Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata was a dominant tree throughout the survey
area and Corymbia haemotoxylon was recorded from most sites. Banksia attenuata was mainly
recorded from the sandy areas of the Cartis soils but occasionally was recorded from the Whicher
minor valley sites. Xylomleum occidentale occurred on the gravel lower slopes as well as in the
sandy soils.
T.E. Griffin and Associates provided a report in which the Happy Valley and Wildflower Society
quadats were separated into 10 and 20 groups. Using the 20 grouping the sites at Happy Valley
were separated into 15 different groups on the taxa presence/absence (see Appendix E). Some of
the Happy Valley and those of the Wildflower Society quadrats separated distinct from other
quadrats and five of the Wildflower Society vegetation groups were not recorded in the Happy

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Valley survey. Some of the Wildflower Society quadrats occurred to the east (4 quadrats) and
north (4 quadrats) of the Happy Valley quadrats.
Table 5 Vegetation Classification (from Muir 1977)
LIFE FORM /
HEIGHT
CANOPY COVER
CLASS DENSE
MID DENSE
SPARSE
70 % - 100%
30% - 70%
10% - 30%
Trees > 30 m
Trees 15 – 30 m
Trees 5 – 15 m
Trees < 5 m
Mallee tree form
Mallee shrub form
Shrubs > 2 m
Shrubs 1.5 – 2 m
Shrubs 1 - 1.5 m
Shrubs 0.5 – 1 m
Shrubs 0 - 0.5 m
Mat plants
Hummock grass
Bunch grass > 0.5 m
Bunch grass < 0.5 m
Herbaceous species
Sedges > 0.5 m
Sedges < 0.5 m
Ferns
Mosses, liverworts
Dense Tall Forest
Dense Forest
Dense Low Forest A
Dense Low Forest B
Dense Tree Mallee
Dense Shrub Mallee
Dense Thicket
Dense Heath A
Dense Heath B
Dense Low Heath C
Dense Low Heath D
Dense Mat Plants
Dense Hummock Grass
Dense Tall Grass
Dense Low Grass
Dense Herbs
Dense Tall Sedges
Dense Low Sedges
Dense Ferns
Dense Mosses
Tall Forest
Forest
Low Forest A
Low Forest B
Tree Mallee
Shrub Mallee
Thicket
Heath A
Heath B
Low Heath C
Low Heath D
Mat Plants
Mid-Dense Hummock Grass
Tall Grass
Low Grass
Herbs
Tall Sedges
Low Sedges
Ferns
Mosses
Tall Woodland
Woodland
Low Woodland A
Low Woodland B
Open Tree Mallee
Open Shrub Mallee
Scrub
Low Scrub A
Low Scrub B
Dwarf Scrub C
Dwarf Scrub D
Open Mat Plants
Hummock Grass
Open Tall Grass
Open Low Grass
Open Herbs
Open Tall Sedges
Open Low Sedges
Open Ferns
Open Mosses
VERY SPARSE
2% - 10%
Open Tall Woodland
Open Woodland
Open Low Woodland A
Open Low Woodland B
Very Open Tree Mallee
Very Open Shrub Mallee
Open Scrub
Open Low Scrub A
Open Low Scrub B
Open Dwarf Scrub C
Open Dwarf Scrub D
Very Open Mat Plants
Open Hummock Grass
Very Open Tall Grass
Very Open Low Grass
Very Open Herbs
Very Open Tall Sedges
Very Open Low Sedges
Very Open Ferns
Very Open Mosses
GROUP 1
Low Forest A to Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Low
Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Scrub of Banksia grandis, Banksia attenuata,
Xylomelum occidentale and Persoonia longifolia over Low Scrub B of varying species and Dwarf
Scrub C dominated by Stirlingia latifolia and Hibbertia hypericoides in grey sand. This was
represented by quadrats HV01, HV08, HV12, HV17, HV18, HV24, HV30, HV31 and HV39.
(Group 1 in Appendix C). Also includes Wildflower Society quadrats DAVE01 and DAVE 02
Additional taxa that characterize this group are: Pentapeltis peltigera, Isopogon sphaerocephalus,
Boronia humifusa and Dasypogon hookeri.
GROUP 2
Woodland to Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low
Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Dwarf Scrub C of Melaleuca thymoides and
Leucopogon propinquus over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and Dryandra lindleyana
subsp. lindleyana in grey sandy loam. This was represented by quadrats HV05, HV19 and HV26.
Also includes Wildflower Society quadrats GAV01.
Additional taxa that characterize this group are: Banksia grandis, Hibbertia amplexicaulis,
Patersonia umbrosa and Platysace tenuissima.
GROUP 3
Low Forest A to Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Allocasuarina
fraseriana over Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Low Scrub D of
Melaleuca thymoides or Dasypogon hookeri or Hakea cyclocarpa over Dwarf Scrub D of
Hibbertia hypericoides in grey sand. This was represented by quadrats HV06, HV15 and HV23.
Additional taxa that characterize this group are: Drosera pallida, Tetraria capillaris and
Xanthorrhoea preissii.

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GROUP 4
Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Low Woodland B of Corymbia
haematoxylon over Open Scrub of Xanthorrhoea preissii or Dasypogon hookeri or Kingia
australis over Open Low Scrub B dominated by Isopogon sphaerocephalus or Hakea lissocarpha
or Acacia latericola over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides in brown sandy loam. This
was represented by quadrats HV09, HV13, HV14, HV29 and HV37. Also includes Wildflower
Society quadrats DAVE04 AND DAVE05.
Additional taxa that characterize this group are: Hakea cyclocarpa, Hypocalymma robustum,
Logania connii, Lomandra sericea and Xanthorrhoea gracilis.
This is where there is a slight variation between the PATN analysis and the field observation as
HV32 and HV33 should form one group (Group 5) and HV37 should be combined with Group 4.
GROUP 5
Low Woodland B of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia haematoxylon and
Corymbia calophylla over Scrub of Banksia grandis, Persoonia longifolia, Xanthorrhoea
acanthostachya over Open Scrub of Xanthorrhoea preissii over Open Low Scrub of mixed species
over Dwarf Scrub D of mixed species over Open Herbs of Patersonia umbrosa in brown silty
loam with outcropping laterite boulders. This was represented by quadrats HV32 and HV33.
Also includes Wildflower Society quadrat GAV02.
Additional taxa that characterize this group are: Lomandra sp. nov. and Logania connii,
GROUP 6
Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low Woodland B of
Corymbia haematoxylon, Banksia grandis and Persoonia longifolia over Low Scrub A of
Lambertia multiflora subsp. occidentalis and Xanthorrhoea preissii over Dwarf Scrub D of
Hibbertia glomerata subsp. glomerata and Platytheca sp Argyle (G.J. & B.J. Keighery 281) in
grey loamy clay with laterite outcropping. This was represented by quadrat HV21.
Additional taxa, which characterize this group, are Lambertia multiflora subsp. occidentalis and
Platytheca sp Argyle (G.J. & B.J. Keighery 281).
GROUP 7
Open Low Woodland A of Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over
Scrub of Dasypogon bromeliifolius or Xanthorrhoea preissii over Heath A of Pericalymma
ellipticum over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Calothamnus sanguineus and Hibbertia hypericoides in
yellow sand. This was represented by quadrats HV28 and HV36.
Additional taxa, which characterize this group, are: Acacia pulchella, Lagenophora huegelii,
Macrozamia riedlei and Stylidium calcaratum.
HV36 was a small area only within the larger area of Group 7.
GROUP 8
Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low Woodland A of
Corymbia calophylla and Allocasuarina fraseriana over Scrub of Dryandra sessilis subsp. sessilis
over Dwarf Scrub C of Pericalymma ellipticum over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia
hypericoides and Bossiaea ornata in brown loam. This was represented by quadrat HV27.
Additional taxa which characterize this group are: Dryandra sessilis subsp. sessilis and
Pericalymma ellipticum.
This group was recorded along on the edge of a minor creek. It was narrow but extended along
the creek edge.

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GROUP 9
Open Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla over
Open Low Woodland B of Allocasuarina fraseriana and Corymbia haematoxylon over Open
Scrub of Dasypogon hookeriana and Banksia grandis over Low Scrub B of Hakea amplexicaulis
and Xanthorrhoea gracilis over Dwarf Scrub C dominated by Hibbertia hypericoides over Open
Herbs of Patersonia umbrosa in brown sandy loam. This was represented by quadrat HV35.
Additional taxa, which characterize this group, are: Acacia obovata, Bossiaea eriocarpa and
Xanthorrhoea gracilis.
GROUP 10
Open Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low Woodland B
of Banksia attenuata over Open Low Scrub B of Melaleuca thymoides over Open Dwarf Scrub D
of Hibbertia hypericoides and Synaphea latifolia in grey sand. This was represented by quadrats
HV03, HV04, HV11, HV16 and HV40.
Additional taxa which characterize this group area; *Hypochaeris glabra, Lomandra
hermaphrodita, Phlebocarya ciliata and Trachymene pilosa.
Occasionally, as was the case with quadrat HV16, the Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata
stratum is absent.
GROUP 11
Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low Woodland A of
Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Low Scrub A of Kunzea recurva and Melaleuca thymoides
over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Stirlingia latifolia over Low Sedges of Phlebocarya ciliata in grey
sand. This was represented by quadrat HV38.
The dense cover of Phlebocarya ciliata characterizes this group.
GROUP 12
Open Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low Woodland B
of Banksia attenuata, Corymbia haematoxylon, Persoonia longifolia and Banksia grandis over
Low Scrub B of Melaleuca thymoides over Dwarf Scrub D of Stirlingia latifolia and Hibbertia
hypericoides over Open Low Sedges dominated by Dasypogon bromeliifolius or Phlebocarya
ciliata in grey sand. This was represented by quadrats HV02, HV07 and HV34.
Additional taxa, that characterize this group, are: Kunzea rostrata, Phlebocarya filifolia and
Stirlingia latifolia.
GROUP 13
Low Forest A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low Woodland B of
Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Scrub of Xylomelum occidentale over Low Heath B of
Pericalymma ellipticum and Melaleuca thymoides over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia
hypericoides and Phlebocarya ciliata in grey sand. This was represented by quadrats HV20 and
HV22.
Additional taxa, that characterized this group, are: Acacia pulchella, Gompholobium capitatum,
Hibbertia vaginata and Nuytsia floribunda. Quadrat HV20 was on the edge of a narrow creek.
GROUP 14
Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla over Open
Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Scrub of Kingia australis over Open
Low Scrub B of Melaleuca thymoides, Pericalymma ellipticum, Xanthorrhoea gracilis over Dwarf

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Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and Stirlingia latifolia over Very Open Tall Sedges of
Mesomelaena tetragona in grey sand. This was represented by quadrat HV10.
Additional taxa, which characterize this group, are Corymbia calophylla, Hibbertia hypericoides
and Kingia hookeri.
GROUP 15
Open Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Very Open Scrub of Corymbia
haematoxylon and Kingia australis over Open Low Scrub A of Dasypogon hookeri and
Xanthorrhoea preissii over Dense Tall Sedges of Anarthria laevis in grey sandy loam. This was
represented by quadrat HV25.
The dense stratum of Anarthria laevis was characteristic for this quadrat.
Griffin (Appendix E) also separated the quadrats into 10 groups. Applying the 10-site grouping
several of the above 20-site groups are combined as below:
� Groups 2, 3 and 4 are combined;
� Groups 8 and 9 are combined;
� Groups 10 and 11 are combined;
� Groups 12, 13 and 14 are combined; and
� Groups 1, 5, 6, 7, and 15 remain as a distinct group.
At the 20-site grouping the following Wildflower Society quadrats separated as distinct groups
from the Happy Valley quadrats Dave03 and Dave06 were a distinct group, GAV01, GAV03 and
GAV05 were distinct groups. At the 10-site grouping:
� DAVE03 and DAVE06 were a distinct group at the 10-site groupings;
� GAV05 at the 10-site grouping combined with Groups 12, 13 and 14;
� GAV01 at the 10-site grouping combined with Group 3; and
� GAV03 and GAV04 at the 10-site grouping combined with Group 6.
The above indicates that 6 of the 11 quadrats monitored by the Wildflower Society of Western
Australia in 2003 were floristically different at both the 10- and 20-site groupings to those
monitored in the Happy Valley survey.
In addition to the above analyses the PATN software package was used for the analysis of the
percentage alive for the quadrats. Hierarchical clustering was undertaken using the principal
association measure by Bray Curtis. This resulted in a different groupings to that obtained by T.E.
Griffin and Associates (Appendix E). The quadrats separated into 6 groups as illustrated in
Diagram 3 and as mapped in Appendix C. When the taxa data was run for presence/absence only
there was no clear separation into groups. This indicates that depending upon the different
analyses used so the patterns of relationships will vary.
VG1 - Open Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia
haematoxylon over Open Dwarf Scrub C of Ricinocarpos cyanescens over Open Dwarf Scrub D
of Hibbertia hypericoides in grey or ylellow sand. Occasionally Xylomleum occidentale and
Daviesia nudiflora subsp. nudiflora were present
VG2 - Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low Woodland B
of Corymbia haematoxylon abd typically Xylomelum occidentale over Dwarf Scrub D of
Hibbertia hypericoides in grey sand with laterite boulders.
Quadrats HV06, HV09, HV and HV14 had

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VG1
VG2
VG3
VG4
VG5
Diagram 3. Relationship of quadrats using percentage cover
VG6

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VG3 - Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low Woodland B
of Corymbia haematoxylon and Banksia grandis over Dwarf Scrub D of mixed taxa in lateritic
soild with large boulders.
VG4 - Open Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Allocasuarina
fraseriana over Open Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Dwarf Scrub C of
Melaleuca thymoides, over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides in grey sand.
VG5 - Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Low Woodland B of Corymbia
calophylla over Dwarf Scrub D dominated by Hibbertia hypericoides in grey sand or laterite.
In Happy Valley north, quadrats HV27 and HV36 had a 20% cover of Pericalymma ellipticum
and quadrats HV25 and HV36 in excess of 5% cover of Dasypogon hookeri. Very few trees were
recorded in these three quadrats but they were only small areas surrounded by VG5.
VG6 - Open Low Woodland B of Banksia attenuata and/or Banksia ilicifolia and/or Banksia
grandis over Dwarf Scrub D of Stirlingia latifolia Open Low Sedges dominated by Phlebocarya
ciliata in grey sand.
Eucalytus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia haematoxylon were recorded from some
quadrats.
4.5 Vegetation Complexes
Four major RFA vegetation complexes are recorded for the study area. These are:
� Kingia (KI) – the pre-European extent was 102,279ha, of which a large proportion
remains uncleared (95.8%) and contained as formal and informal conservation
reserves (33.7)%;
� Whicher Slopes (WC) – the pre-European extent was 3867ha of which 74% remains
uncleared with 15.2% contained in formal and informal reserves;
� Whicher Valleys (WCv) – the pre-European extent was 409ha of which 54.5%
remains uncleared, and 9.1% occurs in informal reserves; and
� Cartis (CSs) – the pre-European extent of which was 1458ha of which 20.2%
remains vegetated, 133ha in reserves and 168ha in private ownership.
Table 6. Area of RFA Vegetation Complex in survey area and reservation
Vegetation Type HV North
Total Area to
be Cleared (ha)
HV South
Total Area to be
Cleared (ha)
Pre-European
Extent Remaining
(%)
Formal &
Informal
Reservation (%)
Kingia 19.5 21.2 95.8 33.7
Whicher Slopes 1.0 13.5 74.0 15.2
Whicher Valleys 18.5 23.6 54.5 9.1
Cartis 0.01 2.2 22.0 0
Environmental Survey and Management Pty Ltd (1999) further divided the Kingia vegetation
complex into two on topography, thus resulting in five vegetation complexes. Table 7 lists the
quadrats recorded from each complex.
Table 7. Vegetation Complexes recorded by Environmental Survey and Management Pty
Ltd. (1999).
VEGETATION
QUADRAT NUMBER
COMPLEX
Cartis vegetation HV02, HV03, HV10, HV11, HV16
Whicher vegetation in sandy HV07, HV28, HV36; HV40
valleys
Whicher vegetation on HV01, HV08, HV12, HV14, HV15, HV17, HV19, HV20, HV21,
sandy slopes
HV22, HV23, HV29, HV30, HV31, HV39

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Kingia on shallow sands
over laterite
Kingia on upland lateritic
gravels
HV04, HV33
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
HV05, HV06, HV09, HV13, HV18, HV24, HV25, HV26, HV27,
HV32, HV34, HV35, HV37, HV38
Table 7 indicates that all the vegetation complexes and associated soils have been included in the
survey. Kingia on shallow sands over laterite was only a small area within the survey and much
had been disturbed due to previous gravel extraction. Similarly the Whicher vegetation in the
sandy valleys occurred as lenses through the area and the Cartis vegetation at the foothills was
predominantly farmed leaving very little as remnant vegetation.
4.6 Vegetation Condition
The vegetation condition recorded for each of the quadrats is included in Appendix B.
Table 8. Explanation of Vegetation Condition Rating (Keighery, 1994)
Rating Description Explanation
1 Pristine Pristine or nearly so, no obvious signs of disturbance.
2 Excellent Vegetation structure intact, disturbance affecting individual species and weeds
are non-aggressive species.
3 Very Good Vegetation structure altered, obvious signs of disturbance. Disturbance to
vegetation structure covers repeated fire, aggressive weeds, dieback, logging,
grazing.
4 Good Vegetation structure significantly altered by very obvious signs of multiple
disturbances. Retains basic vegetation structure or ability to regenerate it.
Disturbance to vegetation structure covers frequent fires, aggressive weeds at
high density, partial clearing, dieback and grazing.
5 Degraded Basic vegetation structure severely impacted by disturbance. Scope for
regeneration but not to a state approaching good condition without intensive
management. Disturbance to vegetation structure includes frequent fires,
presence of very aggressive weeds, partial clearing, dieback and grazing.
Table 9 provides a summary of the vegetation condition recorded using the vegetation rating
provided in Table 8. Quadrats were purposely placed in the areas of better condition for each
vegetation group, especially where the remnant bushland adjoined gravel pits or farm land. None
of the degraded areas, e.g. farmland and blue gum plantations were surveyed. The vegetation
condition of these areas would have been rated as ‘completely degraded’ (rating of 6) with pockets
of ‘degraded’ vegetation (rating of 5).
The condition of remnant bushland areas surveyed was in good or better condition. Most of the
area could not be rated higher than 3 (very good) as there was clear evidence that the area has been
logged and there have been repeated fires. Vegetation condition for the eight sites situated above
the HVN and HVS orebodies ranged from ‘good’ to ‘very good’ (Table 9).
Table 9. Vegetation Condition recorded during the survey Bolded sites located above
orebody
Rating Description Quadrat Reference
2 Excellent HV25, HV26
2-3 Very good to excellent HV27, HV34, VH36
3 Very good HV01, HV02, HV05, HV06, HV08, HV09,
HV12, HV13, HV14, HV15, HV18, HV19,
HV20, HV21, HV22, HV23, HV24, HV28,
HV29, HV30, HV31, HV32, HV33, HV37,
HV39

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3-4 Good to very good HV07, HV10, HV38, HV43
4 Good HV03, HV04, HV11, HV16, HV17, HV35
4.7 Threatened Ecological Communities
None of the vegetation units are listed as Threatened Ecological Communities (Department of
Conservation and Land Management, 2006). Hearne et al. (2002) does not list any of the
vegetation units within this area as being under threat.
4.8 Relationship to Mapped Vegetation Units
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd (2003) using a combination of the quadrat information
provided by Environmental Survey and Management Pty Ltd (1999) and ground truthing but
without the establishment of quadrats or the development of detailed taxa listing prepared a
vegetation units map for the Gwindinup lease area. The Happy Valley area surveyed was
included in this mapping and the relevant section is provided in Diagram 4. This mapping is more
complex than the analysis suggested in Diagram 3.
The Happy Valley quadrats at both the 10- and 20-site groupings and the percentage cover
groupings have been allocated to the different mapped units. These are listed in Table 8. Three of
the map units identified at the site were not included in the Happy Valley survey; 2 were identified
but they were too degraded to record and 2 are included in the Cartis vegetation complex
conservation area. However there appears to be little or no relationship between the PATN
analyses at the 10-, 20-site and percentage cover groupings with that observed in the field. The
abbreviation for the vegetation map units is provided in Appendix D.
Diagram 4. Vegetation Units identified in 2003 Gwindinup survey

Table 10. Mapped unit related to HV Quadrat Number and Vegetation Groups
ABBREVIATION
(Map unit)
Page 15
HV QUADRAT
NUMBER
VEGETATION
GROUPS
(20 site grouping)
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
VEGETATION
GROUPS
(10 site grouping)
Ba HV36, HV40 Group 7, Group 10 Group 6, Group 8 VG5
BaApSt In conservation
BaBgMt HV15 Group 3 Group 2 VG4
BaCh No samples
BaKg In conservation
Cc Not sampled, too
degraded
VEGETATION
GROUPS
% COVER
CcChBgPc HV04, HV07 Group 10, Group 12 Group 8, Group 9 VG3
Em HV03, HV11,
HV16,
Group 10 Group 8 VG3
EmAf HV20, HV21 Group 6, Group 13 Group 4, Group 13 VG4
EmAfAm HV19 Group 2 Group 2 VG4
EmBa HV02 Group 12 Group 9 VG6
EmBaCh HV01, HV12,
HV17, HV18
Group 1 Group 1 VG1, VG6
EmBgMtHh HV29, HV31 Group 1, Group 4 Group 1, Group 8 VG2
EmCcBa Not sampled
EmChAfHh HV34, HV35 Group 9, Group 12 Group 7, Group 9 VG6
EmChBaMt HV10 Group 14 Group 14 VG6
EmChBg Not sampled
EmChBoHh HV27, HV37 Group 4, Group 8 Group 7, Group 8 VG2
EmChCcHh/Mt HV23, HV24,
HV25, HV30, HV39
Group 1, Group 3 Group 1, Group 2 VG2, VG3, VG5
EmChHh HV06, HV08, HV09 Group 1, Group 3, Group
4
Group 1, Group 2 VG1, VG2, VG6
EmChMt Not sampled too
degraded
EmCs HV26, HV33, H38 Group 2, Group 5, Group Group 2, Group 3, VG5
11
Group 8
EmPrMy HV05 Group 2 Group 2 VG6
EmXpCs HV32 Group 5 Group 3 VG2, VG5
Creek A Not sampled
Creek B HV13, HV14, HV22 Group 4, Group 13 Group 2, Group 9 VG4
Creek D HV28 Group 7 Group 7 VG5
4.9 Flora
Table 10 does indicate that there is more of a correlation between the percentage cover (VG)
grouping with the map prepared in 2003. Generally where Banksia attenuata (Ba) was recognised
in the map unit it was also recorded as VG6 for the percentage cover. The above indicates that
the relationships between quadrats varies considerably depending upon how the data is analysed.
During the current survey a total of 286 taxa, 149 genera and 48 vascular plant families were
recorded during the survey. The dominant families were:
Proteaceae with 14 genera and 33 taxa of which are endemic;
Papilionaceae with 10 genera and 28 taxa of which 1 is a weed;
Orchidaceae with 7 genera and 17 taxa all of which are endemic;
Myrtaceae with 12 genera and 16 taxa all of which are endemic; and
Asteraceae with 16 genera and 16 taxa of which 3 are weeds.

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These 5 families represent 10.4% of the total number of vascular plant families, 39.7% of the total
number of genera and 38.4% of the total number of taxa recorded during the survey.
4.10 Introduced Species
A total of 11weeds were recorded during the survey. They have all been determined as weeds by
the Department of Conservation and Land Management (1999). The rating allocated to each weed
by CALM is based on three criteria:
Invasiveness – ability to invade natural bushland in good to excellent condition or ability
to invade waterways.
Distribution – wide current or potential distribution including consideration of known
history of wide spread distribution elsewhere in the world.
Environmental impacts – Ability to change the structure, composition and function of
ecosystems. In particular an ability to form a monoculture in a vegetation community.
Ratings indicate the following.
High indicates this weed is prioritised for control and/or research ie prioritizing funding
to it.
Moderate indicates control or research effort should be directed to it if funds are
available, however it should be monitored (possibly a reasonably high level of
monitoring).
Mild indicates monitoring of the weed and control where appropriate.
Low indicates that this species would require a low level of monitoring.
Table 8. Weeds recorded during the survey classified according to CALM (1999)
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME CALM RATING INVASIVENESS IMPACTS
*Romulea rosea Guildford grass High � �
*Aira caryophyllea Silvery hair grass Moderate �
*Arctotheca calendula Cape weed Moderate �
*Briza maxima Blowfly grass Moderate �
*Briza minor Shivery grass Moderate �
*Hypochaeris glabra Flat weed Moderate �
*Lolium rigidum Annual rye grass Moderate �
*Orobanche minor Lesser broomrape Moderate �
*Ursinia anthemoides Ursinia Moderate �
*Vulpia bromoides Squirrels tail grass Moderate �
*Lotus subbiflorus Lotus Low
Very few weed taxa were recorded from the quadrats. As stated earlier the areas in better
condition were selected for the quadrat placement. One weed only was rated as high indicating
this is the one that should be targeted for removal, as it will have the greatest impact on the
remnant bushland. One was rated as low, all the remainder was rated as moderate.
5. COMPARISON WITH WILDFLOWER SOCIETY DATA
5.1 General Comparisons
Separating the quadrats into 10 groups the Wildflower Society quadrats (BK) the location of these
with those recorded during the current survey are illustrated in Diagram 5. From Diagram 5 and
Appendix D it can be seen that two of the Wildflower Society quadrats are included within the
Happy Valley quadrats. A further one to the north west of the diagram is very close to the Happy
Valley survey area but the remaining eight quadrats are to the east or north. Comparing the 20

6289000
6288000
6287000
6286000
6285000
6284000
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HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
site and 10 site groupings 6 of the 11 Wildflower Society quadrats separated at different groups to
the Happy Valley quadrats.
Diagram 6 illustrates that the survey undertaken by the Wildflower Society recorded on average
approximately 10 more taxa/quadrat than did the current survey. The Wildflower Society
undertook 2 monitoring events at each quadrat, which could account for the variations in the
number of taxa. Where each quadrat is located, could also result in a variation between the
number of taxa recorded. Denser vegetation in some situations can result in a lower taxa count as
can very open vegetation in other situations.
The data collected from the Whicher Range during the Regional Forest Agreement by Mattiske
Consulting Pty Ltd is unfortunately not available for comparative analysis but could have proved
useful for the regional context. During the RFA several quadrats were monitored in the area of the
Whicher Scarp.
6283000
378500 379000 379500 380000 380500 381000 381500 382000 382500
Diagram 5. Relative locations of Wildflower Society quadrats (BK) and those of the current survey
(HV)
HV
BK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Diagram 6. Number of Taxa / Quadrat
90
80
70
60
50
40
Number of taxa
30
20
10
0
HV01
HV02
HV03
HV04
HV05
HV06
HV07
HV08
HV09
HV10
HV11
HV12
HV13
HV14
HV15
HV16
HV17
HV18
HV19
HV20
HV21
HV22
HV23
HV24
HV25
HV26
HV27
HV28
HV29
HV30
HV31
HV32
HV33
HV34
HV35
HV36
HV37
HV38
HV39
HV40
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
Quadrat identifier
HV= Happy Valley quadrats of current survey: D = Dav: G = Gavins Road (D & G data provided by B. Keighery)
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
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5.2 PATN Analysis
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The full analysis is provided in Appendix E, but an overview of the analysis results is made
here. The PATN analysis for the Swan Coastal Plain only compares the presence/absence of
different taxa and does not take into account differences in structure or dominance (percentage
cover). The data sets used for comparison must be comparable in the application of names
applied and in the intensity of the survey. As the data for the Swan Coastal Plain was
undertaken prior to 1994, there have been many changes in the names applied to taxa. Time
was spent attempting to correlate names in current use with those in use in 1994.
B. Keighery kindly provided the data obtained in the Wildflower Society 2004. These and the
original Swan Coastal Plain survey quadrats were sampled twice whereas those undertaken
during the current survey were only sampled once, but at the height of flowering. All three
data sets were from quadrats that were 100 square metres.
Variations in data recorded indicated that the Happy Valley sites compared to the Wildflower
Society and Swan Coastal Plain sites were lower in the number of species/site for: Poaceae,
Cyperaceae, Dasypogonaceae, Anthericaceae, Iridaceae, Papilionaceae and Goodeniaceae.
The Wildflower Society and Happy Valley quadrats are not very similar to the Swan Coastal
Plain quadrats, indicating that a second survey of the Happy Valley sites would not provide
any additional, relevant information. The Happy Valley quadrats are related to Floristic
Community Types 1a and 1b and a few to 21b. It was concluded that for many of these
quadrats there is a moderate to high uncertainty with this assignment. There is a group of
Happy Valley quadrats, which are transitional between FCT 21b and FCT1b. None of these
FCT’s are listed as Threatened Ecological Communities (Department of Conservation and
Land Management, 2006).
By referring to Diagram 4, the Wildflower Society sampled a wider area whereas the Happy
Valley sampling was only within the lease area.
6. DISCUSSION
Dr Bennett of Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd and Dr Brearley selected the
location for permanent quadrats within the Happy Valley survey area to ensure that they:
� Formed a continuum from the ‘Cartis’ lower slopes (Swan Coastal Plain) up the Whicher
Scarp (‘Whicher Slopes’) and onto the lateritic uplands (‘Kingia ridges’); and
� Incorporated drainage lines & drainage depressions present within the survey area.
In addition, quadrats were placed above the delineated orebodies at HVN and HVS, as well as
outside the areas of proposed disturbance, to determine if vegetation complexes were
duplicated in the surrounding bushland.
Four RFA vegetation complexes have previously been identified and mapped within the
survey area. The ‘Kingia’ complex remains well represented and well reserved. It is
proposed that development of the HVN and HVS deposits will result in clearing of 18.5 ha
and 23.6 ha of this complex respectively. The ‘Whicher Slopes’ complex will result in a
similar area of clearing, 19.5 ha and 21.2 ha respectively. Approximately 74% of the Pre-
European area remains vegetated with over 15% of the original extent reserved. The
‘Whicher Valley’ complex has been more extensively cleared, with 54.5% of the Pre-
European area remaining vegetated, and 9.1% reserved. Cable Sands is proposing to clear a
maximum of 14.5 ha of this complex between the two Happy Valley deposits. The ‘Cartis’
complex is poorly represented and poorly reserved. Cable Sands will aim to increase the level
of conservation by reserving an area of this complex on privately owned land, in exchange for
clearing 2.21 ha across the two deposits.
A total of 40 quadrats were monitored during the current survey resulting in 286 taxa, 149
genera and 48 vascular plant families being recorded. These 40 quadrats are additional to
those surveyed by Environmental Survey and Management Pty Ltd (1999). T.E. Griffin and

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Associates provided a very early draft in which the 40 Happy Valley quadats separated into 15
groups. No Floristic Community Types were inferred as T.E. Griffin and Associates is
currently processing the data. From the first analysis undertaken by Griffin it would appear
that all vegetation units recorded within the disturbance footprint are also represented outside
in the surrounding bushland.
The tree taxa recorded varied with the soils. Banksia attenuata was recorded in the sandy
soils and Corymbia haematoxylon typically in the heavier, loamy soils. Eucalyptus marginata
subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla occurred across all soil types. Similarly while
some of the understorey species were widespread, others were restricted to a particular soil
type. This variation is included in the vegetation units described for the site.
One Declared Rare Flora and five Priority Flora were recorded during the survey with another
taxa that needs to have its identity confirmed when flowering. Those recorded were:
Declared Rare Flora – Daviesia elongata subsp. elongata
Priority 1 Flora - Andersonia ferricola
Priority 1 Flora – Boronia humifusa
Priority 2 Flora – Stenanthemum sublineare. The collection made during the
survey is possibly an undescribed subspecies of the typical form
Priority 4 Flora - Franklandia triaristata
Daviesia elongata subsp. elongata was recorded as a single plant from only one quadrat (Site
17). The DRF was restricted to a small proportion of the HVS project area, part of which is
outside the orebody and hence will not be disturbed. A new and much larger population was
recorded south of the project and supported thousands of individuals. The taxon appears to be
a colonising ‘pea’ species, the germination of which is triggered by disturbance events
including fire and mechanical scarification.
Three of four Priority Flora at Happy Valley were recorded outside of the proposed clearing
area and will not be disturbed by mining; Andersonia ferricola (P1), Stenanthemum sublineare
taxon nov. (P2) and Franklandia triaristata (P4). Boronia humifusa (P1) was recorded from
16 of the 40 quadrats and was confirmed to be distributed widely across the entire survey area,
including the proposed clearing footprint at both HVN and HVS.
Hearn et al. (2002) provide information on the centres of local endemism within the Southern
Jarrah Forest Subregion. One of these is the Whicher Scarp. The Whicher Scarp is included
in Beard Association 1181, described as a Medium Woodland Jarrah and Corymbia
haematoxylon, which has been much cleared, but there are still remnants conserved in State
Forest. A reserve is proposed in the scarp between Bunbury and Busselton. It is not listed as
a Threatened Ecological Community (Department of Conservation and Land Management,
2005).
T.E. Griffin and Associates provided a statistical analysis for the 40 Happy Valley quadats,
separating them into 15 groups. The analysis suggests that vegetation units recorded within
the disturbance footprint at HVN and HVS are represented in surrounding bushland that will
remain undisturbed.
A PATN Analysis of the Wildflower Society data and Happy Valley data indicated:
� The total number of taxa recorded from the Happy Valley quadrats was less than
from the other quadrats;
� Fewer taxa in the families Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Dasypogonaceae, Anthericaceae,
Iridaceae, Papilionaceae and Goodeniaceae were recorded from the Happy Valley
quadrats;
� The Happy Valley quadrats are related to Floristic Community Types 1a and 1b and a
few to 21b. There was a group of Happy Valley quadrats, transitional between FCT
21b and FCT1b; and
� None of these FCT’s identified are listed as Threatened Ecological Communities
(Department of Conservation and Land Management, 2006).

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It has been recognised that the geographic distribution of the classification groups is largely
consistent with a geographic gradient down the scarp face (an elevation model of the Happy
Valley deposits is provided in Appendix C). This gradient is consistent with expectations
along a soil and or moisture gradient. Additional regional data is required before any
meaningful comparison with the specific survey area can be concluded. During the field work
undertaken by Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd for the Regional Forest Agreement several
quadrats were established in the Whicher Range and adjoining areas. Dr Bennett was one of
the botanists involved in this field work. The data gathered during those surveys resulted in
the vegetation complex mapping of Mattiske and Havel (1998), described in Section 4.5
above. This data would be useful to extend the regional comparison with the data obtained
during the current survey, but would not be made available.
Numerous flora and vegetation surveys have been commissioned by Cable Sands at the Happy
Valley project area, spanning 1999-2005. A number of different botanists have provided
similar conclusions in relation to the conservation status of vegetation within proposed areas
of clearing and across the entire mining lease. Important observations and conclusions are
listed below:
� None of the vegetation complexes identified are listed as Threatened Ecological
Communities;
� One Declared Rare Flora occurs on a small portion of the Happy Valley South
deposit. This species is a post-disturbance coloniser that establishes following
mechanical scarification (fire breaks, tracks) and fire. The life span is relatively
short-lived. Cable Sands recorded a previously undetected population of the DRF
south of the Happy Valley South mining lease, comprising thousands of individuals
and occurring across a relatively large area. A number of additional populations have
been resurveyed in an effort to condense the current information base for this taxon;
� Three of four Priority Flora occur well outside of the proposed clearing area at the
Happy Valley deposits and will not be disturbed by mining; Andersonia ferricola
(P1), Stenanthemum sublineare taxon nov. (P2) and Franklandia triaristata (P4).
Boronia humifusa (P1) was recorded from 16 of the 40 quadrats and was confirmed
to be distributed widely across the entire survey area. Clearing associated with mine
development at HVN and HVS will not impact on the survival of this population.
� PATN analysis confirmed the Happy Valley quadrats were related to Floristic
Community Types 1a and 1b, with a few quadrats showing a closer affinity to
Floristic Community Type 21b. None of these Floristic Community Types identified
are listed as Threatened Ecological Communities (Department of Conservation and
Land Management, 2006).
All the conditions as set down at the meeting with Environment Branch of the Department of
Environment (DoE) on the 14 th of September 2005 were complied with and results reported.
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Field work was undertaken by:
Dr Eleanor Bennett and Dr. D. Brearley of Onshore Environmental
and by Dr Eleanor Bennett with assistance from Mr John Bennett
Report prepared by:
Dr Eleanor Bennett
Report checked by Mr John Bennett
Bronwen Keighery of the Department of Environment is thanked for her assistance with the
recognition of selected plants in the field and for the provision of the data obtained during the
Wildflower Society survey of the area.
Mike Hislop of the Western Australian Herbarium is thanked for checking the identity of new
taxon of Stenanthemum sublineare, Leucopogon species and confirming the identity of the
priority taxa.

8. REFERENCES
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Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd (2001). Vegetation Survey Location 215
Gwindinup Project. Unpublished report for Cable Sands (WA) Pty Ltd
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd (2003). Vegetation Units Gwindinup Sand Mine
Lease. Unpublished report for Cable Sands (WA) Pty Ltd
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd (2004). Search for Significant Species Gwindinup.
Unpublished report for Cable Sands (WA) Pty Ltd
Biggs, E.R. and Wilde, S.A. (1980). Geology, Mineral Resources and Hydrology of the
Darling System, Western Australia. Department of Conservation and Environment, Perth,
Western Australia
Churchward, H.M. and McArthur, W.M. (1980). Landform and Soils of the Darling System In
Atlas of Natural Resources, Darling System, Western Australia. Department of Conservation
and Environment, Perth, Western Australia
Commonwealth of Australia (2001). National Objectives and Targets for Biodiversity
Conservation 2001-2005. Environment Australia, Department of Environment and Heritage,
Canberra
Consultative Environmental Review (2000). Gwindinup Heavy Minerals Sand Mine. Cable
Sands (WA) Pty Ltd
Department of Agriculture (2003). AgMaps Land Profiler – Shires of Capel, Busselton,
Augusta-Margaret River. Department of Agriculture, Western Australia
Department of Conservation and Land Management (1999). Environmental Weed Strategy for
Western Australia
Department of Conservation and Land Management (2005). Declared Rare and Priority List
for Western Australia. Published list by the Department of Conservation and Land
Mangement, Western Australia
Department of Conservation and Land Management (2006). List of Threatened Ecological
Communities on the Department of Conservation and Land Management’s Threatened
Ecological Communities (TEC) Database endorsed by the Minister for the Environment.
http://www.naturebase.net/plants_animals/watscu/pdf/tec/endorsed_tec_list_jan04.pdf
Environment Australia (2006). http://www.erin.gov.au
Environmental Protection Authority (2000). Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation
in Western Australia. EPA Position Statement No. 2. EPA, Perth
Environmental Protection Authority (2002). A Strategy for the EPA to identify Regionally
Significant Natural Areas in its Consideration of the Greater Bunbury Region Scheme Portion
of the Swan Coastal Plain. EPA, Perth
Environmental Protection Authority (2004). Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental
Factors, Terrestrial flora and vegetation surveys for environmental impact assessment in
Western Australia. No. 51. Draft. EPA, Perth
Environmental Survey and Management Pty Ltd (1999). Gwindinup Landforms, Vegetation
and Flora. Unpublished report for Cable Sands (Pty Ltd)
Gibson, N., Keighery, B.J., Keighery, G.J., Burbidge, A.H., Lyons, M.N. (1994). A Floristic
Survey of the southern Swan Coastal Plain. Unpublished report for the Australian Heritage

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Commission prepared by the Department of Conservation and Land Management and the
Conservation Council of Western Australia (Inc.)
Havel, J.J. (2002). Review of Management Options of Poorly Represented Vegetation
Complexes. Unpublished report for the Conservation Commission
Hearne, R., Williams, K. . Comer, S.. and Beecham, B. (2002). Jarrah Forest 2 – JF2
Southern Jarrah Forest subregion in A Biodiversity Audit of Western Australia’s 53
Biogeographical subregions. Department of Conservation and Land Management
Heddle, E.M., Loneragan, O.W. and Havell, J.J. (1980). Vegetation of the Darling System In
Atlas of Natural Resources, Darling System, Western Australia. Department of Conservation
and Environment, Perth, Western Australia
Keighery, B.J. (1994). Bushland Plant Survey: a Guide to Plant Community Surveys for the
Community. Wildflower Society of Western Australia (Inc.) Nedlands, Western Australia
Mattiske, E.M. and Havel, J.J. (1998). Regional Forest Agreement Vegetation Complexes
Collie, Western Australia. Department of Conservation and Land Management
Mitchell, D., Williams, K., Desmond, A. (2002). Swan Coastal Plain 2 (SWA2 – Swan
Coastal Plain subregion in A Biodiversity Audit of Western Australia’s 53 Biogeographical
subregions. Department of Conservation and Land Management
Muir, B.G. (1977). Biological Survey of the Western Australian Wheatbelt. Part II:
Vegetation and habitat of Bendering Reserve. Records of the Western Australian Museum,
Supplement No. 3
Shepherd, D.P., Beeston, G.R. and Hopkins, A.J.M. (2002). Native Vegetation in Western
Australia Extent, Type and Status. Resource Management Technical Report 249. Department
of Agriculture Government of Western Australia
Tille, P.J. and Lantzke, N.C. (1990). Land Resources Series No 5. Busselton - Margaret
River - Augusta Land Cabability Study. Department of Agriculture, Western Australia
Western Australian Herbarium (2006). Max. Department of Conservation and Land
Management
Wheeler, J.R., Marchant, N. G., Lewington, M. Graham, L. (2002). Flora of the south west :
Bunbury - Augusta - Denmark. Western Australian Herbarium

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APPENDIX A
Taxa Recorded
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NB. Where a taxon is listed both as a single specific name and a variety of the same name it is because
the varieties are only identifiable from flowering examples. For example – Patersonia umbrosa
(vegetative only), Patersonia umbrosa var. umbrosa the plant had a blue flower and Patersonia
umbrosa var. xanthina the plant had a yellow flower.
LEGEND
ABBREVIATION DESCRIPTION
sp. Species, used where the plant is vegetative
subsp. Subspecies
forma Forma
var. Variety
* Weed
affin. Closest to that species
sp.nov. New, undescribed species
( n ) Priority Flora code where n is a number between 1 and 4
ms Unpublished name
( R ) Declared Rare Flora

Vascular Plant Family
Taxon
Lindsaeaceae
Lindsaea linearis
Zamiaceae
Macrozamia riedlei
Podocarpaceae
Podocarpus drouynianus
Poaceae
*Aira caryophyllea
Amphipogon amphipogonoides
Austrostipa compressa
Austrostipa campylachne
*Briza maxima
*Briza minor
*Lolium rigidum
Tetrarrhena laevis
*Vulpia bromoides
Cyperaceae
Lepidosperma leptostachyum
Mesomelaena tetragona
Schoenus brevisetis
Schoenus curvifolius
Schoenus subbarbatus
Schoenus sublateralis
Tetraria capillaris
Tetraria octandra
Restionaceae
Anarthria laevis
Anarthria prolifera
Anarthria scabra
Desmocladus fasciculatus
Hypolaena exsulca
Loxocarya cinerea
Lyginia barbata
Lyginia imberbis
Centrolepidaceae
Aphelia cyperoides
Centrolepis aristata
Dasypogonaceae
Dasypogon bromeliifolius
Dasypogon hookeri
Kingia australis
Lomandra caespitosa
Lomandra hermaphrodita
Lomandra purpurea
Lomandra sericea
Lomandra sonderi
Lomandra spartea
Lomandra sp. nov.
Vascular Plant Family
Taxon
Xanthorrhoeaceae
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Xanthorrhoea acanthostachya
Xanthorrhoea brunonis subsp. brunonis
Xanthorrhoea gracilis
Xanthorrhoea preissii
Anthericaceae
Agrostocrinum hirsutum
Chamaescilla corymbosa
Johnsonia acaulis
Johnsonia lupulina
Laxmannia sp.
Laxmannia sessiliflora
Thysanotus multiflorus
Thysanotus sparteus
Thysanotus tenellus
Thysanotus thyrsoideus
Tricoryne elatior
Colchicaceae
Burchardia congesta
Haemodoraceae
Conostylis aculeata subsp. aculeata
Conostylis serrulata
Conostylis setigera subsp. setigera
Haemodorum paniculatum
Haemodorum sparsiflorum
Phlebocarya ciliata
Phlebocarya filifolia
Iridaceae
Patersonia babianoides
Patersonia occidentalis
Patersonia pygmaea
Patersonia umbrosa
Patersonia umbrosa var. umbrosa
Patersonia umbrosa var. xanthina
*Romulea rosea
Orchidaceae
Caladenia flava
Caladenia longicauda subsp. longicauda
Cyrtostylis huegelii
Elythranthera brunonis
Microtis sp.
Pterostylis affin. nana
Pterostylis recurva
Pterostylis sp.
Pterostylis vittata
Pyrorchis forrestii
Pyrorchis nigricans
Thelymitra sp.
Thelymitra canaliculata
Thelymitra cornicina
Vascular Plant Family
Taxon
Orchidaceae (cont.)
Thelymitra crinita
Thelymitra macrophylla
Thelymitra pauciflora
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Casuarinaceae
Allocasuarina fraseriana
Allocasuarina humilis
Allocasuarina thuyoides
Proteaceae
Adenanthos barbiger
Adenanthos meisneri
Adenanthos obovatus
Banksia attenuata
Banksia grandis
Banksia ilicifolia
Banksia sphaerocarpa var. sphaerocarpa
Conospermum capitatum subsp. capitatum
Dryandra armata
Dryandra bipinnatifida
Dryandra lindleyana var. lindleyana
Dryandra sessilis var. sessilis
Franklandia triaristata
Grevillea pulchella
Grevillea quercifolia
Grevillea trifida
Hakea amplexicaulis
Hakea cyclocarpa
Hakea lissocarpha
Hakea ruscifolia
Hakea stenocarpa
Hakea trifurcata
Isopogon sphaerocephalus
Lambertia multiflora var. darlingensis
Persoonia elliptica
Persoonia longifolia
Persoonia saccata
Petrophile linearis
Petrophile striata
Stirlingia latifolia
Synaphea petiolaris subsp. petiolaris
Synaphea whicherensis
Xylomelum occidentale
Santalaceae
Leptomeria ellytes
Olacaceae
Olax benthamiana
Loranthaceae
Nuytsia floribunda
Vascular Plant Family
Taxon
Amaranthaceae
Ptilotus manglesii
Lauraceae
Cassytha glabella
Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa
Droseraceae
Drosera erythrorhiza
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Drosera marchantii subsp. marchantii
Drosera menziesii
Drosera pallida
Drosera pulchella
Drosera stelliflora
Drosera stolonifera subsp. stolonifera
Crassulaceae
Crassula colorata var. colorata
Pittosporaceae
Billardiera variifolia
Marianthus tenuis
Pronaya fraseri
Mimosaceae
Acacia browniana
Acacia extensa
Acacia lateriticola
Acacia mooreana
Acacia nervosa
Acacia obovata
Acacia pulchella var. glaberrima
Acacia pulchella var. pulchella
Acacia stenoptera
Caesalpiniaceae
Labichea punctata
Papilionaceae
Bossiaea eriocarpa
Bossiaea ornata
Chorizema glycinifolium
Daviesia angulata
Daviesia divaricata
Daviesia elongata subsp. elongata (R)
Daviesia incrassata
Daviesia inflata
Daviesia nudiflora subsp. nudiflora
Daviesia preissii
Gompholobium capitatum
Gompholobium knightianum
Gompholobium marginatum
Gompholobium ovatum
Gompholobium polymorphum
Gompholobium preissii
Vascular Plant Family
Taxon
Papilionaceae (cont.)
Gompholobium scabrum
Gompholobium tomentosum
Gompholobium venustum
Hovea chorizemifolia
Hovea trisperma
Jacksonia horrida
Jacksonia restioides
Kennedia coccinea
*Lotus subbiflorus
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Pultenaea ericifolia
Sphaerolobium drummondii
Sphaerolobium medium
Rutaceae
Boronia defoliata
Boronia dichotoma
Boronia humifusa (1)
Philotheca spicata
Tremandraceae
Platytheca sp Argyle (G.J. & B.J. Keighery 281
Tetratheca hirsuta
Tetratheca setigera
Polygalaceae
Comesperma ciliatum
Comesperma volubile
Euphorbiaceae
Amperea simulans
Ricinocarpos cyanescens
Stackhousiaceae
Stackhousia monogyna
Tripterococcus brunonis
Rhamnaceae
Stenanthemum sublineare (2)
Sterculiaceae
Thomasia grandiflora
Dilleniaceae
Hibbertia acerosa
Hibbertia amplexicaulis
Hibbertia commutata
Hibbertia diamesogenos ms
Hibbertia glomerata subsp. glomerata
Hibbertia huegelii
Hibbertia hypericoides
Hibbertia lasiopus
Hibbertia racemosa
Hibbertia vaginata
Violaceae
Hybanthus debilissimus
Vascular Plant Family
Taxon
Thymelaeaceae
Pimelea angustifolia
Pimelea rosea
Pimelea suaveolens
Myrtaceae
Calothamnus sanguineus
Calytrix flavescens
Calytrix leschenaultii
Corymbia calophylla
Corymbia haematoxylon
Darwinia vestita
Eremaea pauciflora
Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata
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Hypocalymma robustum
Kunzea rostrata
Kunzea recurva
Melaleuca thymoides
Melaleuca trichophylla
Paragonis grandiflora ms
Pericalymma ellipticum
Verticordia densiflora var. cespitosa
Apiaceae
Actinotus glomeratus
Hydrocotyle callicarpa
Pentapeltis peltigera
Platysace filiformis
Platysace tenuissima
Trachymene pilosa
Xanthosia ciliata
Xanthosia huegelii
Xanthosia singuliflora
Epacridaceae
Andersonia caerulea
Andersonia ferricola ms (1)
Astroloma ciliatum
Astroloma pallidum
Conostephium pendulum
Leucopogon capitellatus
Leucopogon pendulus
Leucopogon propinquus
Leucopogon verticillata
Lysinema ciliatum
Styphelia tenuiflora
Loganiaceae
Logania connii
Logania spermacocea
Phyllangium paradoxum
Vascular Plant Family
Taxon
Lamiaceae
Hemiandra pungens
Hemigenia rigida
Orobanchaceae
*Orobanche minor
Rubiaceae
Opercularia apiciflora
Lobeliaceae
Isotoma hypocrateriformis
Lobelia heterophylla
Lobelia rhytidosperma
Goodeniaceae
Dampiera linearis
Goodenia incana
Lechenaultia biloba
Scaevola calliptera
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Velleia trinervis
Stylidiaceae
Levenhookia dubia
Levenhookia stipitata
Stylidium acuminatum
Stylidium amoenum
Stylidium brunonianum
Stylidium calcaratum
Stylidium ciliatum
Stylidium junceum
Stylidium piliferum
Stylidium repens
Stylidium schoenoides
Stylidium spathulatum
Asteraceae
*Arctotheca calendula
Craspedia variabilis
Hyalosperma demissum
*Hypochaeris glabra
Ixiolaena viscosa
Lagenophora huegelii
Millotia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia
Pithocarpa pulchella
Podotheca angustifolia
Pterochaeta paniculata
Quinetia urvillei
Rhodanthe citrina
Senecio quadridentatus
Siloxerus humifusus
Trichocline spathulata
*Ursinia anthemoides
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Page 32
APPENDIX B
Quadrat Data
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QUADRAT HV01
Datum (WGS84): 379475E; 6284774N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 60%; Branches 20%; Logs 2%
Topography: Gentle slope, NW aspect
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and
Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Low Woodland B of Xylomelum occidentale, Banksia grandis and
Persoonia longifolia over Open Dwarf Scrub C of Ricinocarpos cyanescens over Open Dwarf Scrub D
of Hibbertia hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 3

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QUADRAT HV02
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
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Datum (WGS84): 379194E; 6284953N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 40%; Branches 10%; Logs 2%
Topography: Gentle slope to NW
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Scrub of Banksia
grandis and Banksia attenuata over Low Scrub A dominated by Melaleuca thymoides over Dwarf
Scrub D dominated by Hibbertia hypericoides over Open Tall Sedges of Phlebocarya ciliata
Vegetation Condition: 3

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QUADRAT HV03
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
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Datum (WGS84): 378918E; 6285169N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Bark 1%; Leaves 20%; Branches 2%; Logs 5%
Topography: Gentle slope NW
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over
Low Woodland B of Banksia attenuata over Low Scrub B of Melaleuca thymoides over Open Dwarf
Scrub D of Stirlingia latifolia and Hibbertia hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 4
Other Notes: Vegetation on lower slope adjoining farmland all degraded. Edge grazing effect

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QUADRAT HV04
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
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Datum (WGS84): 380216E; 6284684N
Soil: Pale grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 5%
Topography: Middle slope, NW
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Dwarf Scrub B of
Melaleuca trichophylla over Tall Sedges of Phlebocarya ciliata
Vegetation Condition: 4
Other Notes: Very open area surrounded by Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia
calophylla over Melaleuca thymoides

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QUADRAT HV05
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
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Datum (WGS84):380036E; 6284560N
Soil: Dark grey sandy loam
Rocks: Laterite >40cm
Litter: Leaves 70%; Branches 5%; Logs 10%
Topography: Upper slope, NW
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open
Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon, Banksia grandis and Xylomelum occidentale over Dwarf
Scrub C dominated by Leucopogon propinquus over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 3
No photograph

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QUADRAT HV06
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
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Datum (WGS84): 379546E; 6285193N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: Laterite, 20cm diameter, 5 % outcropping
Litter: Leaves 70%; Branches 5%; Logs 5%
Topography: Upper slope
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open
Low Woodland B of Corymbia calophylla over Dwarf Scrub D dominated by Hibbertia hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 3
Other Notes: Lot of young Eucalyptus and Corymbia growing post fire of > 5 years

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QUADRAT HV07
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
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Datum (WGS84): 379979E; 6284896N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 20%; Branches 10%; Logs 5%
Topography: Middle slope
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland B of Banksia grandis and Xylomelum occidentale over
Open Low Scrub A of Xanthorrhoea preissii and Melaleuca thymoides over Open Dwarf Scrub D of
Xanthorrhoea gracilis over Open Tall Sedges of Phlebocarya ciliata
Vegetation Condition: 3-4

Page 40
QUADRAT HV08
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 380043E; 6285385N
Soil: Yellow sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 40%; Branches 10%; Logs 10%
Topography: Upper slope, NW gentle slope
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open
Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon and Banksia grandis over Low Scrub A of Dasypogon
hookeri and Daviesia nudiflora subsp. nudiflora over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and
Stirlingia latifolia over Very Open Low Sedges dominated by Mesomelaena tetragona
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 41
QUADRAT HV09
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 380151E; 6285095N
Soil: Brown sandy loam
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 40%; Branches 10%; Logs 5%
Topography: Moderate slope to N
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Low
Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon, Xylomelum occidentale and Banksia grandis over Open Low
Scrub B dominated by Dasypogon hookeri over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 42
QUADRAT HV10
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 379579E; 6285808N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 40%; Branches 5%; Logs 10%
Topography: Northerly aspect
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia
calophylla over Open Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Scrub of Kingia
australis and Xylomelum occidentale over Low Scrub B to Open Low Scrub B of Melaleuca
thymoides, Pericalymma ellipticum, Xanthorrhoea gracilis and Kunzea recurva over Dwarf Scrub D of
Hibbertia hypericoides and Stirlingia latifolia over Very Open Tall Sedges of Mesomelaena tetragona
Vegetation Condition: 3-4

Page 43
QUADRAT HV11
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 379257E; 6285353N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 30%; Branches 5%
Topography: Northerly aspect
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and
Corymbia calophylla over Open Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon and Banksia attenuata
over Open Low Scrub B of Melaleuca thymoides, Kunzea recurva and Daviesia incrassata over Dwarf
Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and Eremaea pauciflora over Very Open Low Sedges of
Phlebocarya ciliata
Vegetation Condition: 4

Page 44
QUADRAT HV12
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 379615E; 6284412N
Soil: Yellow sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 70%; Branches 5%
Topography: Middle slope
Vegetation Description: Low Forest A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Allocasuarina
fraseriana over Open Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Scrub of Banksia
grandis, Persoonia longifolia and Xylomelum occidentale over Low Scrub B of Stirlingia latifolia,
Isopogon sphaerocephalus and Podocarpus drouynianus over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia
hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 3
Other Notes: Fire about 5 years previously

Page 45
QUADRAT HV13
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 380019E; 6284331N
Soil: Dark brown sandy loam. Skeletal
Rocks: Laterite 50%
Litter: Leaves 70%; Branches 10%; Logs 5%
Topography: Ridge. South aspect
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open
Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Scrub of Xanthorrhoea preissii, Kingia
australis, Xylomelum occidentale and Persoonia longifolia over Open Low Scrub B of Isopogon
sphaerocephalus and Hakea lissocarpha over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and Dryandra
lindleyana var. lindleyana
Vegetation Condition: 3
Other Notes: Lateritic floaters at surface on crest. Moderate slope to south and wrapping around to
the west

Page 46
QUADRAT HV14
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 379863E; 6284360N
Soil: Brown sandy loam
Rocks: 20% laterite outcropping
Litter: Leaves 60%; Branches 5%; Logs 5%
Topography: Lower slope to west
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Low
Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Scrub of Banksia grandis, Kingia australis and
Xanthorrhoea preissii over Open Dwarf Scrub C of Acacia latericola and Isopogon sphaerocephalus
over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides, Dryandra lindleyana var. lindleyana and Thomasia
grandiflora
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 47
QUADRAT HV15
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 379168E; 6284569N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 70%; Branches 5%; Logs 10%
Topography: Middle slope, SW aspect
Vegetation Description: Low Forest A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Allocasuarina
fraseriana over Open Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Low Scrub B of
Melaleuca thymoides over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 48
QUADRAT HV16
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 378911E; 6284989N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 30%; Logs 5%
Topography: Lower slope
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland B of Banksia attenuata and Banksia ilicifolia over
Open Low Scrub A of Melaleuca thymoides and Kunzea recurva over Open Dwarf Scrub C of
Eremaea pauciflora over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and Stirlingia latifolia
Vegetation Condition: 4
Other Notes: Weeds widely dispersed but not vigorous

Page 49
QUADRAT HV17
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 379713E; 6284570N
Soil: Yellow sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 70%; Branches 2%; Logs 3%
Topography: Lower slope to west
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open
Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon, Banksia grandis and Banksia attenuata over Open
Dwarf Scrub C of Daviesia nudiflora subsp. nudiflora, Ricinocarpos cyanescens and Stirlingia latifolia
over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides, Synaphea whicherensis and Dryandra lindleyana
subsp. lindleyana
Vegetation Condition: 4

Page 50
QUADRAT HV18
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 379825E; 6284747N
Soil: Yellow/orange sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 75%; Branches 10%; Logs 5%
Topography: Middle slope
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open
Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon, Xylomelum occidentale and Banksia grandis over Dwarf
Scrub C of Xanthorrhoea preissii, Daviesia nudiflora subsp. nudiflora and Stirlingia latifolia over
Open Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and Phlebocarya ciliatum
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 51
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS

Page 52
QUADRAT HV19
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 379482E; 6284220N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 80%; Branches 3%; Logs 5%
Topography: Lower slope, to SW
Vegetation Description: Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Allocasuarina
fraseriana over Open Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Scrub of Xanthorrhoea
preissii, Xylomelum occidentale and Banksia grandis over Dwarf Scrub C of Melaleuca thymoides and
Leucopogon pulchellus 'southern form' over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and
Patersonia umbrosa
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 53
QUADRAT HV20
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 379536E; 6284080N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 60%; Branches 5%; Logs 5%
Topography: Drainage line
Vegetation Description: Low Forest A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Allocasuarina
fraseriana over Open Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Scrub of Xylomelum
occidentale over Low Heath C of Pericalymma ellipticum over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia
hypericoides and Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 54
QUADRAT HV21
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 389729E; 6283901N
Soil: Heavy grey clay loam
Rocks: 10% laterite
Litter: Leaves 20%; Branches 2%; Logs 5%
Topography: Middle slope facing N
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open
Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon, Banksia grandis and Persoonia longifolia over Low
Scrub A of Lambertia multiflora subsp. occidentalis and Xanthorrhoea preissii over Dwarf Scrub D of
Hibbertia glomerata subsp. glomerata and Platytheca sp Argyle (G.J. & B.J. Keighery 281)
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 55
QUADRAT HV22
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 379780E; 6284391N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Not recorded
Topography: Lower slope to SW
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon, Banksia grandis and
Xylomelum occidentale over Low Heath C of Eremaea pauciflora and Melaleuca thymoides over
Dwarf Scrub D of Phlebocarya ciliata and Platytheca ‘broad leaf”
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 56
QUADRAT HV23
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381109E; 6286766N
Soil: Grey sand
Litter: Leaves 60%; Branches 10%; Logs 10%
Topography: Upper slope facing NW
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and
Allocasuarina fraseriana over Open Low Scrub A of Banksia attenuata, Dasypogon hookeri and
Kunzea recurva over Dwarf Scrub C of Melaleuca thymoides, Synaphea latifolia and Xylomelum
occidentale over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and Phlebocarya ciliata over Open Ferns of
Lindsaea linearis
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 57
QUADRAT HV24
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 380832E; 6286428N
Soil: Yellow sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 40%; Branches 5%; Logs 10%
Topography: Middle slope facing NW
Vegetation Description: Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low
Woodland B of Corymbia haematoxylon, Xylomelum occidentale, Banksia grandis and Persoonia
longifolia over Dwarf Scrub C of Stirlingia latifolia, Isopogon sphaerocephalus and Gompholobium
scabrum over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 58
QUADRAT HV25
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381233E; 6286431N
Soil: Grey loamy sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 10%
Topography: Lower slope to W
Vegetation Description: Open Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open
Scrub of Corymbia haematoxylon and Kingia australis over Open Low Scrub A of Dasypogon hookeri
and Xanthorrhoea preissii over Dense Tall Sedges of Anarthria laevis
Vegetation Condition: 2

Page 59
QUADRAT HV26
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381504E; 6286419N
Soil: Grey sandy clay
Rocks: Laterite 20%
Litter: Leaves 70%; Branches 20%; Logs 5%
Topography: Ridge facing NW
Vegetation Description: Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia
calophylla over Open Scrub of Corymbia haematoxylon, Xylomelum occidentale, Banksia grandis and
Persoonia longifolia over Open Low Scrub B of Dasypogon hookeriana, Melaleuca thymoides, Hakea
amplexicaulis and Acacia pulchella var. pulchella over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and
Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana
Vegetation Condition: 2
No Photograph

Page 60
QUADRAT HV27
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381745E; 6286137N
Soil: Brown loam
Rocks: Few laterite less than 5%
Litter: Leaves 50%; Branches 5%; Logs 5%
Topography: Minor creek to south
Vegetation Description: Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low
Woodland A of Corymbia calophylla and Allocasuarina fraseriana over Scrub of Dryandra sessilis
subsp. sessilis over Dwarf Scrub C of Pericalymma ellipticum over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia
hypericoides and Bossiaea ornata
Vegetation Condition: 2-3

Page 61
QUADRAT HV28
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381657E; 6287050N
Soil: Yellow grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 30%; Branches 5%; Logs 15%
Topography: Lower slope
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia
calophylla over Open Scrub of Xanthorrhoea preissii and Dwarf Scrub D of Calothamnus sanguineus
and Hibbertia hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 3
Other Notes: Logged and burnt

Page 62
QUADRAT HV29
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381302E; 6286920N
Soil: Grey yellow sandy loam
Rocks: Laterite 10cm. Numerous laterite rocks on the surface
Litter: Bark 2%; Leaves 70%; Branches 5%
Topography: Upper slope to NE
Vegetation Description: Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Low Woodland
B of Corymbia calophylla over Open Low Scrub A of Xanthorrhoea preissii over Open Low Scrub B
of mixed taxa over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides, Dryandra lindleyana and Calothamnus
sanguineus
Vegetation Condition: 3
Other Notes: Heavily logged and burnt

Page 63
QUADRAT HV30
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381024E; 6287116N
Soil: Yellow sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 40%; Branches 3%; Logs 5%
Topography: Middle slope facing N
Vegetation Description: Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia calophylla
over Open Scrub of Xylomelum occidentale and Eucalyptus regrowth over Open Low Scrub A of
Xanthorrhoea preissii, Hakea amplexicaulis and Dasypogon hookeri over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia
hypericoides and Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana
Vegetation Condition: 3
Other Notes: Logged and burnt many times

Page 64
QUADRAT HV31
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381232E; 6287111N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Bark 5%; Leaves 60%; Branches 10%
Topography: Middle slope to N
Vegetation Description: Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Allocasuarina fraseriana
and Corymbia calophylla over Open Scrub of Xylomelum occidentale, Persoonia longifolia and
Eucalyptus regrowth over Dwarf Scrub C of Gompholobium scabrum, Leucopogon propinquus and
Stirlingia latifolia over Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides and Dryandra lindleyana subsp.
lindleyana
Vegetation Condition: 3

Page 65
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS

Page 66
QUADRAT HV32
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381713E; 6287273N
Soil: Brown sandy loam
Rocks: 50% laterite boulders
Litter: Leaves 80%; Branches 5%
Topography: Upper slope facing SE
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland B of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia
calophylla over Scrub of Banksia grandis, Persoonia longifolia, Xanthorrhoea acanthostachya and
Xanthorrhoea preissii over Open Low Scrub of mixed species over Dwarf Scrub D of mixed species
over Open Herbs of Patersonia umbrosa subsp. umbrosa
Vegetation Condition: 3
Other Notes: Has been heavily logged and burnt within the last 5 years

Page 67
QUADRAT HV33
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381581E; 6286752N
Soil: Grey sandy loam
Rocks: Laterite, small amount outcropping
Litter: Bark 35; Leaves 60%; Branches 10%
Topography: Ridge to upper slope facing N
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Scrub of
Corymbia haematoxylon and Xylomelum occidentale over Open Low Scrub A of Xanthorrhoea
acanthostachya over Open Low Scrub B of mixed species over Dwarf Scrub D dominated by Hibbertia
hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 3
Other Notes: Several fires through the area, also logged. Lomandra sp. nov. scattered through the
area, between quadrat and gravel pit

Page 68
QUADRAT HV34
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 380715E; 6287248N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 30%; Branches 10%
Topography: Lower slope to NW
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland A of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over
Open Low Woodland B of Banksia attenuata, Allocasuarina fraseriana, Corymbia haematoxylon,
Persoonia longifolia and Banksia grandis over Low Scrub B of Pericalymma ellipticum, Melaleuca
thymoides, Dasypogon hookeri over Dwarf Scrub D of Stirlingia latifolia and Hibbertia hypericoides
over Open Low Sedges dominated by Dasypogon bromeliifolius
Vegetation Condition: 2-3
Other Notes: Deaths mainly Allocasuarina fraseriana and small amount of logging

Page 69
QUADRAT HV35
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 380495E: 6287217N
Soil: Brown sandy loam
Rocks: Laterite 20% cover
Litter: Leaves 70%; Branches 5%
Topography: Lower slope to NW
Vegetation Description: Open Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia
calophylla over Open Low Woodland B of Allocasuarina fraseriana and Corymbia haematoxylon over
Open Scrub of Dasypogon hookeriana and Banksia grandis over Low Scrub B of Hakea amplexicaulis
and Xanthorrhoea gracilis over Dwarf Scrub C dominated by Hibbertia hypericoides over Open Herbs
of Patersonia umbrosa
Vegetation Condition: 4
Other Notes: Area heavily grazed and used by kangaroos

Page 70
QUADRAT HV36
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 389862E; 6286212N
Soil: Yellow sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 20%; Branches 5%; Logs 5%
Topography: Lower slope facing to NW
Vegetation Description: Open Low Woodland A of Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata
subsp. marginata over Scrub of Dasypogon bromeliifolius over Heath A of Pericalymma ellipticum
over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Hibbertia hypericoides
Vegetation Condition: 2-3
Other Notes: Small area surrounded by Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia
haematoxylon

Page 71
QUADRAT HV37
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 381218E; 6285969N
Soil: Sandy loam
Rocks: Scattered laterite on surface
Litter: Leaves 60%; Branches 5%
Topography: Middle slope to the NW
Vegetation Description: Forest of Corymbia calophylla and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata
over Low Woodland A of Corymbia haematoxylon, Banksia grandis and Persoonia longifolia over
Scrub of Xanthorrhoea preissii and Hakea amplexicaulis over Dwarf Scrub Dof mixed species
Vegetation Condition: 3
Other Notes: Adjoins old gravel pit. Burnt numerous times

Page 72
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
QUADRAT HV38
Datum (WGS84): 381306E; 6286639N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 50%; Branches 15%; Logs 5%
Topography: Lower slope to NW
Vegetation Description: Open Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Open Low
Woodland A of Corymbia haematoxylon over Open Low Scrub A of Kunzea recurva and Melaleuca
thymoides over Open Dwarf Scrub D of Stirlingia latifolia over Low Sedges of Phlebocarya ciliata
Vegetation Condition: 3-4
Other Notes: Heavily logged. Several dead Corymbia haemotoxylon

Page 73
QUADRAT HV39
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 380716E; 6286687N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 30%; Branches 10%
Topography: Middle slope to west
Vegetation Description: Low Forest A of Allocasuarina fraseriana, Corymbia haematoxylon,
Banksia grandis and Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over Low Scrub A of Xanthorrhoea
preissii and Melaleuca thymoides over Dwarf Scrub D of mixed species over Open Tall Sedges of
Phlebocarya ciliata
Vegetation Condition: 3
Other Notes: Logged

Page 74
QUADRAT HV40
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Datum (WGS84): 380507E; 6286226N
Soil: Grey sand
Rocks: N/A
Litter: Leaves 30%; Branches 15%; Logs 15%
Topography: Lower slope
Vegetation Description: Low Woodland B of Banksia ilicifolia, Banksia attenuata and Allocasuarina
fraseriana over Scrub of Melaleuca thymoides, Xanthorrhoea preissii and Kunzea recurva over Dwarf
Scrub C of Stirlingia latifolia and Adenanthos meisneri over Very Open Low Sedges of Phlebocarya
ciliata
Vegetation Condition: 3-4
Other Notes: Several Banksias dead due to ?drought

Page 75
APPENDIX C
Maps
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
1. Location of Happy Valley quadrats
2. Location of Happy Valley / D. Backshaw and Wildflower Society quadrats
3. Declared Rare and Priority Flora
4. Regional Distribution of Identified Populations of Davesia elongata subsp elongata
5. Vegetation Unit Mapping based on % Cover
6. Elevation Model of the Happy Valley deposits (includes Gwindinup deposits)

6288400
6288000
6287600
6287200
6286800
6286400
6286000
6285600
6285200
6284800
6284400
6284000
6283600
Boundary Rd
378800
$+
$+
HV03
HV16
379200
$+
$+
$+
HV15
HV11
HV02
378800 379200
{
379600
Gavins Rd
$+
$+
HV10
M70/899
HV06
$+
HV01 $+ HV18
$+ $+
HV17
$+ $+
HV12
HV22
$+ $+ HV14
$+
HV19 M70/900 $+
$+ HV20
$+
HV21
$+
379600
0 112.5225
450 675 900
Meters
1,125
1:24,000
380000
HV08
$+
HV07
380000
$+
HV05
HV13
HV09
380400
HV04
$+
380400
$+ HV40
380800
M70/895
$+
$+
HV30 HV31
$+ $+
HV29 $+
HV39
$+ $+ HV23
M70/901 $+ HV38$+
$+
HV24 HV25 HV26
$+ $+ $+
HV35 HV34
$+
380800
Happy Valley Mineral Deposits
Location of Flora Plots
BEC November 2005
HV36
381200
$+
381200
M70/479
HV37
381600
HV33
381600
$+
HV32
HV28
HV27
382000
382000
382400
382400
Legend
$+ hv plot locations
HVS Infrastructure
HVS Pit
HVN Infrastructure
HVN Mine Pit
Drawn : B Edwards
6288400
6288000
6287600
6287200
6286800
6286400
6286000
6285600
6285200
6284800
6284400
6284000
6283600

6288400
6288000
6287600
6287200
6286800
6286400
6286000
6285600
6285200
6284800
6284400
6284000
6283600
13
378400
14
")
")
12
8
")
")
378800
Boundary Rd
9
")
$+
$+
HV1616
11
")
HV03
379200
$+
$+
$+
") ")
7
")
")
6
20
")
")
19
HV11
")
$+
37
23
") $+
HV06
") $+
$+
HV07
22 21
HV01 $+
HV18 ") ")
$+ !(!( 25
HV04
5 4 $+ ")
") ") HV17 HV05 $+
$+ HV12 $+
HV22
$+ $+ HV14
") HV19 M70/900 $+ $+ HV13
$+ HV20
$+
18
HV0217
15
Gavins Rd
HV15
10
379600
$+
")
HV10
M70/899
24
")
HV21
380000
26
")
HV08
380400
!(
36
HV09
")
$+
29
")
$+
28
")
HV40
27
380800
M70/895
$+
$+
HV30HV3135
33 $+ $+ ")
")
$+
34
HV29
HV39
") $+ $+ HV23
M70/901 $+ HV38$+
30 31
") ") $+
HV24 HV25 HV26
$+ $+ $+
HV35 HV34
")
$+
44
")
")")
")
!( !(!(!(
3 2
43")
")
1
HV36
32
381200
$+
M70/479
45
STATE FOREST
")
HV37
381600
!(
HV33
$+
HV32
HV28
382000
378400 378800 379200 379600 380000 380400 380800 381200 381600 382000
Happy Valley Mineral Deposits -
Location of Flora Plots
Legend
HVN Infrastructure
BEC 2005 & D Backshaw 1998 &
HVN Mine Pit
Wildflower Society 2004
HVS Infrastructure
0 115230
460 690 920
Meters
1,150
HVS Pit
") D_Backshaw_plot_locations
$+ BEC plot locations {
1:25,000
!( Wildflower_Society_Plots
Drawn : B Edwards
HV27
42
")
!(
!(
!(
6288400
6288000
6287600
6287200
6286800
6286400
6286000
6285600
6285200
6284800
6284400
6284000
6283600

6288000
6287600
6287200
6286800
6286400
6286000
6285600
6285200
6284800
6284400
378800
378800
!(
379200
!(
379200
379600
!(
!( !(
!(
379600
!(
!(
!( !(
Gavins Rd
M70/899
!(
!(
M70/900
380000
!(
!(
!(
380000
Happy Valley Mineral Deposits -
Location of Declared Rare & Priority Flora
BEC November 2005
0 90 180 360 540
1:20,000
720
Meters
900
M70/895
!(
380400
380400
!(
STATE FOREST
380800
380800
381200
!(
M70/901
!(
381200
M70/479
!(
!(HV_Andersonia_ferricola
!( HV_Boronia_humifusa
Legend
!( HV_Davesia_elongata_elongata
!( HV_Stenanthemum_sublineare_nov
!( HV_Franklandia_triaristata
381600
!(
381600
!(
{
382000
382000
HVN Infrastructure
HVN Mine Pit
HVS Infrastructure
HVS Pit
Drawn : B Edwards
6288000
6287600
6287200
6286800
6286400
6286000
6285600
6285200
6284800
6284400
6284000

6285000
6284000
6283000
6282000
377000
Legend
")
377000
Happy Valley South
State Forest
378000
HV_Davesia elongata 2005
") ")
> 1000 plants > 1000 plants
{ Drawn
0 75150
300 450 600
Meters
750
1:18,854
378000
")
379000
numerous plants
379000
M70/899
Species Daviesia elongata subsp elongata
in relation to the Happy Valley Project Area
(Bennett, 2005)
Happy Valley South
1 individual
")
M70/900
380000
380000
: B Edwards
6285000
6284000
6283000
6282000

6288000
6287600
6287200
6286800
6286400
6286000
6285600
6285200
6284800
6284400
6284000
6283600
Boundary Rd
378800
$+
$+
HV03
HV16
379200
$+
$+
$+
HV15
HV11
HV02
378800 379200
{
$+
379600
Gavins Rd
$+
$+
$+
$+
HV10
HV06
HV01
$+
$+
$+
$+
$+
$+
$+
$+
HV12
HV22
$+ $+ HV14
$+
HV19 M70/900$+
HV13
HV20
379600
0 100200
400 600 800
Meters
1,000
1:22,000
M70/899
HV17
HV21
380000
HV18
M70/895
HV08
HV07
380000
HV05
HV09
380400
HV04
$+
380400
HV35 HV34
$+ HV40
380800
$+
$+
HV39
$+ $+
$+
$+
$+ $+ $+
$+
380800
HV24
HV36
381200
HV30
HV23
M70/901
HV38
$+
M70/479
HV31
$+
381200
Happy Valley Mineral Deposits
Vegetation Units as Mapped from % Cover
BEC November 2005
HV25
HV37
HV29
381600
$+
Legend
$+
HV26
$+
HV33
381600
HV32
HV28
$+
HV27
$+ hv plot locations
VG_1
VG_2
VG_3
VG_4
VG_5
VG_6
HVN Infrastructure
HVN Mine Pit
HVS Infrastructure
HVS Pit
382000
382000
Drawn : B Edwards
6288000
6287600
6287200
6286800
6286400
6286000
6285600
6285200
6284800
6284400
6284000
6283600

Surface Elevation of the Happy Valley and Gwindinup deposits
along the Whicher Scarp

Page 82
APPENDIX D
Vegetation Map Units
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Extracted from Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd (2003)

Abbreviation For
Map Vegetation
Page 83
Unit
Description
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Ba Low Open Forest of Banskia attenuata over mixed proteaceous and myrtaceous scrub in
sand.
BaApSt Woodland of Banksia attenuata over a Low Shrubland of mixed species over an Open
Herbland of Stirlingia latifolia in sand.
BaBgMt Low Open Forest of Banksia attenuata and Banksia grandis with scattered Eucalyptus
marginata subsp. marginata over Low Open Shrubland of Melaleuca thymoides and a
Very Open Herbland of Stirlingia latifolia in sand.
BaCh Low Open Forest of Banksia attenuata and Corymbia haematoxylon over an Open Low
Heath of Melaleuca thymoides and Hibbertia hypericoides in sand.
BaKg Low Woodland of Banksia attenuata over a Tall Open Scrub of Kunzea glabrescens over a
Low Shrubland of mixed species over an Open Herbland of Stirlingia latifolia in sand.
Cc Woodland of Corymbia calophylla over a Shrubland of Xanthorrhoea preissii in sand.
CcChBgPc Open Forest of Corymbia calophylla and Corymbia haematoxylon over a Woodland of
Banksia grandis over a Low Shrubland of Adenanthos meisneri and Open Herbland of
Phlebocarya ciliata in sandy laterite.
Em Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata with very scattered Corymbia
haematoxylon over an Open Low Heath of Hibbertia hypericoides and Pericalymma
ellipticum in sand.
EmAf Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Allocasuarina fraseriana over
an Open Low Heath of Calytrix fraseri, Melaleuca thymoides and Adenanthos meisneri
and a Very Open Herbland of Stirlingia latifolia in sand.
EmAfAm Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Allocasuarina fraseriana over
an Open Heath dominated by Adenanthos meisneri in sand.
EmBa Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. attenuata and Allocasuarina fraseriana over
a Woodland of Banksia attenuata over a Low Open Shrubland of Melaleuca thymoides in
sand.
EmBaCh Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia haematoxylon over
a Low Woodland of Banksia attenuata over a Low Shrubland dominated by Adenanthos
meisneri and Stirlingia latifolia in sand.
EmBgMtHh Open forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over a Low Open Woodland of
Banksia grandis over Low Shrubland of Hibbertia huypericoides and Melaleuca thymoides
in laterite.
EmCcBa Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. attenuata and Corymbia calophylla over a
Woodland of Banksia attenuata over a Low Open Shrubland of Melaleuca thymoides and
Dryandra lindleyana in sand.
EmChAfHh Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia haematoxylon and
Allocasuarina fraseriana over a Low Shrubland dominated by Hibbertia hypericoides in
laterite.
EmChBg Low Open Forest of Corymbia haematoxylon, Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata,
Banksia grandis and Allocasuarina fraseriana over Open Low Heath of Hibbertia
hypericoides in sand.
EmChBoHh Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia haematoxylon over
a Low Shrubland of Bossiaea ornata and Hibbertia hypericoides in laterite.
EmChCcHh/Mt Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Corymbia haematoxylon and
Corymbia calophylla over an Open Low Heath of Melaleuca thymoides and Hibbertia
hypericoides in sand.
EmChHh Low Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia haematoxylon
over an Open Low Heath of Hibbertia hypericoides in sand.
EmChMt Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata, Allocasuarina fraseriana and
Corymbia haematoxylon over a Low Shrubland of Melaleuca thymoides in sand.
EmCs Open Forest of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over an Open Low Heath of
Calothamnus sanguineus in laterite.
EmPrMy Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over a Low Shrubland of
Proteaceous and Myrtaceous species in lateritic sand.
EmXpCs Woodland of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata over an Open Heath of

Page 84
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS
Xanthorrhoea preissii and Open Low Heath of Calothamnus sanguineus in laterite.
CREEKS
A Trees of Corymbia calophylla over Xanthorrhoea preissii
B Trees of Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata and Corymbia haematoxylon over
Pericalymma ellipticum and Hypocalymma angustifolium in sandy laterite.
D Shrubs of Agonis linearifolia with dense Pericalymma ellipticum on the banks.

Page 85
APPENDIX E
T.E. Griffin & Associates Report
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
HAPPY VALLEY QUADRATS

FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of this report
The current report is to provide an objective framework for the assessment of the different types of
plant communities in the Happy Valley area. The framework is based on numerical classification
techniques of site based species composition observations (quadrats). Reference quadrats are drawn
from two sources. From the preliminary results of a study by Bronwen Keighery are 11 quadrats. The
published data from the Swan Coastal Plain study (SCP) (Gibson et al, 1994) come 509 quadrats. The
latter quadrats have with them the assignment of Floristic Community type (FCT) defined by Gibson et
al (1994).
1.2 Location of Happy Valley Quadrats
The Happy Valley and Bronwen Keighery’s quadrats were straddling the northern end of the Whicher
Scarp, in the Quindinup area, east of Busselton. An open cut mine is proposed in the area.
1.3 Brief background to floristic analysis of vegetation on the Swan Coastal Plain
Floristic analysis (ie., analysis of variation in vegetation based on the species present, rather than
description of structural variation and dominance) as a significant component of the understanding of
the variation present in the native vegetation of the Swan Coastal Plain dates to Gibson et al (1994 – all
references to the SCP survey in the current report refer to this publication), the first publication to
document the floristics of the vegetation of a large part of the Swan Coastal Plain. While the SCP
survey is based on a very significant amount of work, it must be viewed as a “first pass” survey,
limited, in the context of the great variety of vegetation present in the very large area surveyed, by the
relatively limited number (509) of quadrats it is based on. To a limited degree, this limitation has
subsequently been addressed in an “update” to the work of the SCP survey (which describes additional
units). However, there is no detailed publication of the results of this update available and the
additional data used are not readily available in an appropriate form (ie., one that would enable ready
comparison of new data to the overall data set).
The units described by the SCP survey are a series of “floristic community types”, a “unit” whose rank
is defined by the use within a study. The SCP survey surveyed a very large survey area and defined a
relatively small number of floristic community types. Consequently, the floristic community types
they have described are of a very high order (see Trudgen 1999, volume 1, for further discussion of this
point). This is an extremely important point to fully grasp in interpreting the analysis presented by the
SCP survey and in understanding the meaning of analysis of other data sets when they are compared to
the floristic community types of the SCP survey.
The important effects of the limited size data set used by the SCP survey and of the relatively small
number of floristic community types defined by them, can be summarised by the following points:
Page 86
1. the definition of all but two of the Threatened Ecological Communities for vegetation on the
Swan Coastal Plain (English and Blyth 1997) has been based on the floristic community types
of the SCP survey. It therefore follows, that with two exceptions, only vegetation units from
one study that are different at a very high order of floristics are treated as rare by Government.
No account is taken of other important differences, such as differences in structure and
dominance;
2. for the definition of floristic community types to be robust, a sufficient sized database is
needed to give adequate precision in their definition. About half of the floristics community
types (or sub types) of the SCP survey are based on less than 10 quadrats. It is likely that with
a larger data set there would be significant alteration in the classification of those floristic
community types from the SCP survey based on small numbers of quadrats.
3. as noted above, many (if not most) of the floristic community types defined by the SCP survey
are very broad. They contain very significant variation in floristics, structure and dominance.
Some (or in more highly cleared parts of the Swan Coastal Plain much) of this variation may
be rare by any reasonable definition, but it is currently “buried” within larger groups;
4. there is likely to be significant variation not sampled by the SCP survey. This includes some
variation at a high level of floristic difference (see Trudgen 1999, volume 1, for an example of
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd

FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
Page 87
this) and undoubtedly quite significant (large!) amounts of variation at “medium” and “low”
levels.
5. the document, and its use by Government, has focussed attention in the environmental impact
assessment process on the high level of units described, deflecting attention from the layers of
variation beneath these units that also have significant conservation value.
From these points it is obvious that there is a need for a major “upgrade” to the floristic analysis of the
vegetation of the Swan Coastal Plain to provide a more detailed floristic classification that considers
not only more of the variation present, but explicitly recognises more of the variation present in
formally described units.
Obviously, such a reworking would have some effect on what vegetation is considered rare on the
Swan Coastal Plain. It needs to be stressed that it would be very unlikely to find that any of the
vegetation currently considered to be rare on the basis of the SCP survey’s classification was not rare.
On the other hand, it is likely that such a review would very probably consider to be rare some
vegetation which is not currently considered rare.
1.4 Data provided
It is very important in comparing different sets of floristic data that they are comparable in the
application of names, in the intensity of the survey (ie., the effort of searching resulting in similar
proportion of the flora at quadrats being recorded) and in the size of the site recorded. If the data from
different data sets is not comparable in these ways, it reduces the clarity of the results of the analyses
carried out. If the discrepancy in the comparability of the data sets is large, the results may become
meaningless.
The Happy Valley quadrats were observed in Spring 2005 on the occasion of a single visit each.
Bronwen Keighery’s quadrats are also from a single visit. The SCP quadrats are the result of at least
two visits in different seasons. All surveys were from quadrats that were 100 square metres.
1.4 Comparison of Data Quality
A measure of differences between the quality of data sets is the average number of species recorded at
a quadrat in each survey. However, simple averages can be misleading for they will be comparing data
from different ranges of plant communities. It is important, therefore, that only comparable data be
used. This is not often possible as surveys may not contain quadrats comparable communities.
Table 1 suggests that there are differences. While there are quadrats from the same classification group
for the different studies, this only suggests that they are similar but they may not be directly
comparable.
Table 1 Av # species per site in site classification groups
gp100 HV BK SCP
1 76 66
2 65
3 47 73
4 49 73 70
5 50 70
6 47
7 27
14 56 59
AV 48 71 64
Likewise, on the face of the selected plant families listed in Table 2, there is a suggestion that there is
an under representation of some families. While these are mostly families that are at times overlooked
by single observations, their lower numbers do not necessarily indicate lower sampling effort.
Table 2 Av # species per site for selected plant families
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd

FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
FCODE HV
Page 88
1.2 BK
SCP
031 1.2 3.1 2.6
032 1.6 3.2 3.2
054C 2.5 4.3 4.1
054F 1.1 2.5 3.7
066 1.8 3.6 2.9
165 3.5 5.5 5.5
341 0.8 2.4 1.6
2.0 METHODS
1.2.1 2.1 Data Preparation
The data from the Happy Valley (HV) and Bronwen Keighery’s (BK) quadrats were provided in
spreadsheets. These were incorporated into a standard MS Access database designed for this type of
data. One virtue of the database is that the species recorded at each site are stored against standard
codes (numbers, those used by the Western Australian Herbarium) for each species. This facilitates
ready comparison of data from different surveys stored in the same system.
After the data were incorporated into the database, a process of reconciliation of flora species names
with those used in the other surveys was undertaken. This was done separately for HV with the BK
data and both with SCP data. That for the latter was more difficult because of the greater time between
the surveys.
This step was necessary at least because of changes in nomenclature over the last ten years and the
potential of survey specific variations in the application of names. The reconciliation involved:
� reducing some infra-specific names to the relevant species name, and
� combining some taxa where confusion is known to have occurred in field observations and
identifications.
The reconciliation process was relatively straight forward as most of the names had already been
standardised. Most reconciliation was to conform with the methods that the SCP survey used to
manage confusing taxa plus some nomenclatural changes.
These data plus interpretations are provided in Happy Valley.mdb and HVoutput.xls files (Appendix
3).
2.2 Comparability of datasets
It was concluded that the quadrat datasets were probably reasonably compatible in nomenclature. The
reconciliations employed are provided in Appendix 1 and 2. The potential of differences due to effort
mentioned above is not clear.
2.3 Comparisons made
Two separate datasets were compiled and analysed separately. The first was Happy valley with the
Bronwen Keighery data (to be referred to here as HVBK) and the second was these plus the SCP data
(to be referred to here as HVBKSP). Thus in the former there were 51 quadrats (40 plus 11) and in the
latter 560 quadrats (40 plus 11 plus 509).
The main purpose of the former was to gain an understanding of the variations in the plant
communities in the Happy Valley area as both data sets were from the same area and had current
nomenclature.
The latter was intended to assist in determining the possible FCT of the new quadrats and if possible
some perspective into broader regional distribution patterns.
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd

FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
1.2.2 2.4 Analyses carried out
All species were used in the analyses. The approach was the use of numerical classification techniques
(PATN) based on the similarity of the floristic composition of the quadrats (as presence/absence) in the
data sets. Likewise, with the transposed data matrices, the techniques were based on the similarity of
species distribution patterns.
The analyses performed were largely the same for all four sets (two of quadrats and two of species).
2.4.1 PATN
Several modules of the numerical classification package PATN (Belbin 1987) were used for the
analyses. The parameter values were the same as used by the SCP survey to ensure consistency of
analysis with that study. These are largely the default values of the respective modules.
The PATN modules used were ASO (calculation of similarity matrix), FUSE (classification based on
the results of ASO), DEND (representation of classification), GDEF (group definition), SSH (semistrong
hybrid scaling ordination) and NNB (determination of quadrats most similar to each other
quadrat, ie nearest neighbours).
The group definitions chosen for each data set was to a degree arbitrary and should be used as an
indication of the relationships of floristic groups. No attempt has been made to refine the classification
to define “real” communities or to create a rank of groups equivalent to Gibson et al (1994) FCTs.
The results of the analyses were imported into a database (Happy Valley.mdb) so that quadrat
characteristics and previous classifications (eg., Gibson et al, 1994 FCTs) could be associated and
various analyses and summaries based on these data could be performed.
2.4.2 Determination of possible FCTs
The assignment of FCTs to the Happy Valley and Bronwen Keighery’s quadrats was made by
summarising the results of two different methods:
� the classification, and
� the nearest neighbours.
Experience demonstrates that the results of these alternate methods are likely to vary, but that from
nearest neighbours is likely to make more sense for it is not directly influenced by the number of
quadrats in a group. On the other hand the nearest neighbour analysis often is ambiguous as it provides
several options.
To the classification dendrogram of the HVBKSP dataset, the FCT assigned by the SCP survey was
associated with the SCP survey quadrats. The apparent FCTs were assigned to the new quadrats by
interpreting the position of these quadrats in the dendrogram (particularly by the way they joined to the
SCP quadrats).
The quadrats in the HVBKSP data set that were most similar to each of HV quadrats were obtained
from the nearest neighbour method (NNB). By associating those nearest neighbours from the SCP
survey, the most likely FCTs from this method for each of the new quadrats were determined. This
does not mean that they would belong to that FCT, for they might better be determined to be a new
FCT if they are not very similar to the SCP quadrats.
It is common for there to appear to be inconsistencies in the affinities indicated by these methods.
Classification can be strongly influenced by the membership of groups which can “draw” a site “away”
from another that it appears similar to. An attempt was then made to reconcile these different
assignments of a Floristic Community Type. The relevant portion of the site by species matrix was
examined to seek clarity in some cases.
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Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd

FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
2.4.3 Data Summaries
The principle outputs were tabulations of the classification with some of the interpretation, eg FCTs to
enable an examination of the likely veracity of putative quadrat clusters. This can only be confirmed
by the addition of field knowledge. These summaries are provided in the database and the spreadsheet.
Some scatter plots of classification of the quadrats were generated using the geographic location as X
and Y axes. This provided an indication of the geographic distribution of classification groups.
3.0 LIMITATIONS
It has been found in earlier projects that the addition of new quadrats to the SCP survey data set to
produce a combined classification disrupts the original classification. The more data added, the higher
the level of the disruption. This problem can make it difficult to assign Floristic Community Types to
new quadrats using this method.
Secondly, it is common for new data to group with their cohorts. The more quadrats in the added
batch, the tighter they draw together. These results can be a product of local nodes of similar species
composition. However, in some cases this has proven to result from common deficiencies in the data,
ie. whole groups of species missing. This absence tends to draw the new quadrats together.
The analyses were conducted without personal knowledge of the quadrats.
4.0 RESULTS
A number of analyses and interpretations were generated. Only some of these are provided in this
report. The remainder of these is provided in the Happy Valley.mdb and Happy Valley.xls files. These
include ones that are important to the report but are of a size that is difficult to present in any printed
format or particularly in a Word document. The classification dendrograms and the cross tabulation of
the species and quadrat data ordered by the classification order are especially large. In this report
reference will occasionally be made to a query in the .mdb file or a sheet in the .xls file.
4.1 Comparison between quadrat classification of data sets
There is a possibility that the slightly different reconciliations applied to the two data sets may have
influenced the relative relationships of quadrats to each other. However, the relative order that the
quadrats appeared in the respective dendrograms was very consistent. Table 3 is an attempt to present
this in terms of numbers of quadrats in the different classification groups. While this shows that the
group 10 and group 100 (from the HVBK and HVBKSP data sets respectively) are not quite the same
rank, it does show that there is very little reallocation between groups.
Thus the slightly different reconciliations made were not significant.
Table 3 Number of quadrats in Classification groups form different data sets
Group 100 from HVBKSP data set
gp10* 1 3 4 5 6 7 14
1 11
2 1 6
3 10
4 1
5 2
6 4
7 2
8 6 1
9 6
10 1
gp10* – classification group 10 from HVBK data set.
Page 90
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd

FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
4.2 Determination of most likely floristic community types
The classification superficially suggests that most of the HV and BK quadrats are not very similar to
the SCP quadrats. This need not be the case for such clustering can (and probably is) the result of
having a significant number of quadrats from one geographic area. Were there fewer quadrats, they
potentially would have been more integrated with the SCP quadrats.
Thus, from the classification, it is only really possible to reflect, that the new quadrats are related to
FCTs 1a and 1b and a few to 21b.
The nearest neighbour analysis demonstrated the same broad relationship to these FCTs but as many
quadrats were NOT very similar to any of the SCP quadrats, some ambiguity became evident. Some
quadrats had near equal similarities to SCP quadrats from different FCTs. This could indicate
transitional composition, but especially where the similarity is low (dissimilarity scores >0.6) it could
mean that a new FCT might warrant recognition. Thus for many of the HV and BK quadrats, a
moderate to high uncertainty must be associated with the FCTs assigned.
The results of these determinations are provided in Figure 1, which is an extract from the quadrat
dendrogram of the HVBKSP data set.
It is notable that there is a relative tight cluster of HV quadrats group with the FCT 1a and 1b quadrats,
but individually these are more similar to the SCP FCT 21b quadrats. While this may be an artefact of
the different sampling, it could equally be a caused by the SCP 21b quadrats being drawn towards the
large pool of FCT 21a, 21c and 20 quadrats. The obvious conclusion for this HV cluster is that it is
probably intermediate between the 21b and 1b FCTs.
Figure 1. Relevant portions of HVBKSP quadrat Dendrogram with possible FCTs assigned.
Quadrat FC FCT
data
T nnb
0.2050 0.3711 0.5372 0.7033 0.8694 1.0356
| | | | | |
ACTON-
1
1a ______________________
smith02 1a _____________________|____
smith03 1a ________________________ |
wonn01 1a _______________________|_|___
wicher01 1a ____________________________|_
kemp01 1a _____________________________|_______
GAV01 ?21b/1a ______________________________ |
will02 1a _____________________________|___ |
gibson02 1a ________________________________|___|____
CAPEL-5 1b ____________________________ |
wonn02 1b ___________________________|_________ |
will04 1a ____________________________________|___|_
AMBR-1 1b _____________ |
AMBRA
L-1
1b ____________|_________ |
AMBR-4 1b _____________________|_____ |
AMBR-6 1b ___________________ | |
AMBR-9 1b __________________|_______|________ |
CARB-1 1b _____________________ | |
CARB-4 1b __________________ | | |
YALLIN- 1b
1
_________________|__|____________ | |
CARB-2 1b ________________________ | | |
YOON-1 1b _______________________|________|_|______|____
DAVE03 1a/1b _____________________________ |
DAVE06 1a ____________________________|_____ |
GAV03 1b _______________ | |
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
Quadrat FC
T
Page 92
FCT
nnb
0.2050 0.3711 0.5372 0.7033 0.8694 1.0356
| | | | | |
GAV04 1b ______________|____________ | |
HV28 ?1a ____________________ | | |
HV36 ?1a ___________________|______|______|____ |
HV27 ?1b _______________________________ | |
HV35 ?1a ______________________________|______|_______|_________
boyan 02 1a ________________ |
kelly01 1a _______________|____________ |
dard01 1a ____________________ | |
dard03 1a ___________________|_______|_________ |
DAVE04 1a _________ | |
DAVE05 1a ________|______________ | |
HV09 ?1a ______________________|__ | |
HV13 1a __________________ | | |
HV14 1a _________________|_____ | | |
HV29 1a ________________ | | | |
HV33 1a _______________|______|_|___ | |
GAV02 1a _______________________ | | |
HV32 ?1a ______________________|___ | | |
HV37 ?1a _________________________|_|______ | |
HV21 ??1a _________________________________|__|_______ |
DAVE01 1a/20b ___________ | |
DAVE02 1a __________|__________ | |
HV01 1a/20b __________ | | |
HV24 ?1a _________|_____ | | |
HV39 1a ______________|___ | | |
HV08 ?20b _______________ | | | |
HV12 ?1a ___________ | | | | |
HV17 ?1a __________|___|__| | | |
HV18 ?1a ________________||__|_____ | |
HV30 ?1a __________ | | |
HV31 ?1a _________|_______________|______ | |
HV05 1a ____________________ | | |
HV19 1a __________________ | | | |
HV26 ?1a _________________|_|_________ | | |
HV06 ?1a ___________________________ | | | |
HV15 ?1a __________________ | | | | |
HV23 21b _________________|________|_|__|___________|__________|___________
HV02 21b _________________ |
HV07 21b ________________|____ |
HV34 21b/21a ____________________|______ |
HV20 ?21b _______________________ | |
HV22 x21b ______________________|___|____ |
HV10 21b ______________________________|______ |
HV03 21b _______________ | |
HV16 21b ______________|_________ | |
HV40 21a/21b _______________________|___ | |
HV04 21b/21a _____________________ | | |
HV11 21b ____________________|_____|_____ | |
HV38 21b _______________________________|____|_______________ |
HV25 x1a ___________________________________________________|____________
_|_
data
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
Quadrat FC
T
Page 93
FCT
nnb
data
0.2050 0.3711 0.5372 0.7033 0.8694 1.0356
| | | | | |
boyan 01 21b _______________ | |
gibson01 21b ______________|___ | |
kelly02 21b _________________|___ | |
buffer01 21b ____________________|___ | |
OATES-1 21b _______________________|___ | |
CAPEL-2 21b _________________ | | |
RUAB-1 21b _______________ | | | |
RUAB-2 21b ______________|_|________ | | |
dard02 21b __________________ | | | |
GAV05 21b _________________|___ | | | |
MANEA-
3
21b ____________________|___|_|____ | |
CAPEL-1 21b ____________________ | | |
CARB-3 21b ___________________|_______ | | |
MANEA-
2
21a __________________________|___|________ | |
BULLER
-3
21c __________________________ | | |
KEME-3 21c _________________________|____________|_______|_____________ |
4.3 Distribution of FCTs
The Happy Valley area is located on the eastern portion of the Whitcher Scarp. In Figure 2 a red circle
indicates its location. The other symbols are the SCP quadrats with the relevant FCTs indicated with
different symbols.
This figure shows quite clearly that the Happy Valley area is straddled by FCTs 1a and 21b. FCT 1b is
not far to the west. Thus the determination that the quadrats from the Happy Valley are most likely
related to these FCTs is plausible in geographic terms.
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
Figure 2 Representation of geographic distribution of FCTs in the southern portion of the Swan Coastal
Plain
-32.85
-33.05
-33.25
-33.45
-33.65
-33.85
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115.10 115.20 115.30 115.40 115.50 115.60 115.70 115.80
4.4 HVBK classification
An attempt to represent the different plant communities present in the Happy Valley area is made using
the HVBK data set. This showed a small amount of clustering apparently influenced by the different
surveys, however, it is clear that there are different range of communities in these surveys (Figure 3).
For example, only one BK quadrat was related to the FCT 21b.
There are clearly a number of distinct communities present. The appropriate level of recognition is
beyond capacity of the present report to determine. It will take more specific knowledge of the sites
and the study area to determine this. For the purpose of this report, the 10 group level is presented.
The geographic distribution of the classification groups of quadrat is largely consistent with there being
a geographic gradient down the scarp face. This is represented by the groups being portrayed as more
or less parallel to the scarp (Figure 4). This apparent gradient is consistent with what be expected to be
a soil and or moisture gradient.
Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd
s
1a
1b
21a
21b
21c
10a
10b
HV

FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
Figure 4 Geographical representation of the quadrats in these 10 groups of HVBK data set.
6289000
6288000
6287000
6286000
6285000
6284000
6283000
378500 379000 379500 380000 380500 381000 381500 382000 382500
The pale blue and yellow “+” behind each indicates the HV and BK quadrats respectively. The colours
of symbols indicates affinity at 5 group level.
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HV
BK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
Figure 3 Dendrogram of Classification of HV and BK sites
site fct 10 20 Dendrogram Vegetation Surface soil
03/15/06 05:43:23.81 dend EB Happy Valley with BK sites March 2006
0.3140 0.3980 0.4820 0.5660 0.6500 0.7340 0.8180 0.9020 0.9860 1.07
| | | | | | | | | |
DAVE 1a/20b 1 1 ______ Brown sand
01
DAVE 1a 1 1 _____|__________________ Yellow brown sandy
02
loam
HV01 1a/20b 1 1 ___ | Jarrah & C. haematoxylon / X. occidentale, B. grandis & Persoonia longifolia / Grey sand
Ricinocarpos cyanescens / Hibbertia hypericoides
HV24 ?1a 1 1 __|___________ | Jarrah / C. haematoxylon, X. occidentale, B. grandis & Persoonia longifolia / Yellow sand
Stirlingia latifolia, Isopogon sphaerocephalus & Gompholobium scabrum /
Hibbertia hypericoides
HV39 1a 1 1 _____________|______ | A. fraseriana, C. haematoxylon, B. grandis & Jarrah / Low X. preissii & Melaleuca Grey sand
thymoides / mixed species / Phlebocarya ciliata
HV08 ?20b 1 1 ______________ | | Jarrah / C. haematoxylon & B. grandis / Dasypogon hookeri & Daviesia nudiflora Grey sand
subsp. nudiflora / Hibbertia hypericoides & Stirlingia latifolia / Mesomelaena
tetragona
HV12 ?1a 1 1 _____ | | | Jarrah & A. fraseriana / C. haematoxylon / B. grandis, Persoonia longifolia & X. Yellow sand
occidentale / Stirlingia latifolia, Isopogon sphaerocephalus & Podocarpus
drouynianus / Hibbertia hypericoides
HV17 ?1a 1 1 ____|________|__ | | Jarrah / C. haematoxylon, B. grandis & B. attenuata / Daviesia nudiflora subsp. Yellow sand
nudiflora, Ricinocarpos cyanescens & Stirlingia latifolia / Hibbertia hypericoides,
Synaphea whicherensis & Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana
HV18 ?1a 1 1 _______________|___|___|___________ Jarrah / C. haematoxylon, X. occidentale & B. grandis / X. preissii, Daviesia Yellow/orange sand
nudiflora subsp. nudiflora & Stirlingia latifolia / Hibbertia hypericoides &
Phlebocarya ciliatum
HV30 ?1a 1 1 ___ | Jarrah & Marri / X. occidentale & Eucalyptus regrowth / Low X. preissii, Hakea Yellow sand
amplexicaulis & Dasypogon hookeri / Hibbertia hypericoides & Dryandra
lindleyana subsp. lindleyana
HV31 ?1a 1 1 __|_______________________________|______________ Jarrah, A. fraseriana & Marri / X. occidentale, Persoonia longifolia & Eucalyptus Grey sand
regrowth / Gastrolobium scabrum, Leucopogon propinquus & Stirlingia latifolia /
Hibbertia hypericoides & Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana
GAV0 ?21b/1 2 2 ____________________________________________ | Grey brown sand
1 a
HV05 1a 2 3 _______________________ | | Jarrah / C. haematoxylon, B. grandis & X. occidentale / Leucopogon propinquus / Pale grey sand
Hibbertia hypericoides
HV19 1a 2 3 __________________ | | | Jarrah & A. fraseriana / C. haematoxylon / X. preissii, X. occidentale & B. grandis / Grey sand
Melaleuca thymoides & Leucopogon pulchellus 'southern form' / Hibbertia
hypericoides & Patersonia umbrosa
HV26 ?1a 2 3 _________________|____|__________________ | | Jarrah & Marri / C. haematoxylon, X. occidentale, B. grandis & Persoonia Grey sandy clay
longifolia / Dasypogon hookeriana, Melaleuca thymoides, Hakea amplexicaulis &
Acacia pulchella var. pulchella / Hibbertia hypericoides & Dryandra lindleyana
subsp. lindleyana
HV06 ?1a 2 4 _____________________________________ | | | Jarrah / Marri / Hibbertia hypericoides Dark grey sandy
loam/ laterite
HV15 ?1a 2 4 __________________ | | | | Jarrah & A. fraseriana / C. haematoxylon / Melaleuca thymoides / Hibbertia Grey sand
hypericoides
HV23 21b 2 4 _________________|__________________|___|__|____|________________ Jarrah & A. fraseriana / B. attenuata, Dasypogon hookeri & Kunzea recurva / Grey sand
Melaleuca thymoides, Synaphea latifolia & X. occidentale / Hibbertia hypericoides
& Phlebocarya ciliata / Lindsaea linearis
DAVE 1a 3 5 _ | Laterite
04
DAVE 1a 3 5 |__________________________ | Grey sand/lateritic
05
pebbles
HV09 ?1a 3 5 __________________________|______ | Jarrah / C. haematoxylon, X. occidentale & B. grandis / Dasypogon hookeri / Yellow sand
Hibbertia hypericoides
HV13 1a 3 5 __________________ | | Jarrah / C. haematoxylon / X. preissii, Kingia australis, X. occidentale & Persoonia Dark brown sandy
longifolia / Isopogon sphaerocephalus & Hakea lissocarpha / Hibbertia
loam/ laterite
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
hypericoides & Dryandra lindleyana var. lindleyana
HV14 1a 3 5 _________________|__________ | | Jarrah / C. haematoxylon / B. grandis, Kingia australis & X. preissii / Acacia Brown sandy
latericola & Isopogon sphaerocephalus / Hibbertia hypericoides, Dryandra loam/laterite
lindleyana var. lindleyana & Thomasia gr&iflora
HV29 1a 3 5 _________________ | | | Jarrah / C. haematoxylon / X. preissii / mixed taxa / Hibbertia hypericoides, Yellow grey sandy
Dryandra lindleyana & Calothamnus sanguineus
loma
HV33 1a 3 5 ________________|__________|____|_______ | Jarrah / C. haematoxylon & X. occidentale / X. sp. nov / mixed species / Hibbertia Grey sandy loam
hypericoides
GAV0 1a 3 6 ____________________________ | | Brown lateritic gravel
2
loam
HV32 ?1a 3 6 ___________________________|_______ | | Jarrah & Marri / B. grandis, Persoonia longifolia, X. sp. nov / X. preissii / Low Brown sandy loam
mixed species / mixed species / Patersonia umbrosa subsp. umbrosa
HV37 ?1a 3 6 __________________________________|____|_________ | Marri & Jarrah / C. haematoxylon, B. grandis & Persoonia elliptica / X. preissii & Sandy loam/laterite
Hakea amplexicaulis / mixed species
HV21 ??1a 4 7 ________________________________________________|_______________|__________ Jarrah / C. haematoxylon, B. grandis & Persoonia longifolia / Lambertia multiflora Heavy grey
subsp. occidentalis & X. preissii / Hibbertia glomerata subsp. glomerata & loam/laterite
Platytheca "broad leaf"
DAVE 1a/1b 5 8 _________________________________________ | Grey sand
03
DAVE 1a 5 9 ________________________________________|_________ | Grey brown sandy
06
loam
GAV0 1b 6 10 _____________ | | Yellow brown sandy
3
loam
GAV0 1b 6 10 ____________|_________________________ | | Brown sandy loam
4
HV28 ?1a 6 11 _______________________ | | | Jarrah & Marri / X. preissii & Calothamnus sanguineus & Hibbertia hypericoides Yellow grey sand
HV36 ?1a 6 11 ______________________|______________|___________|_________ | Marri & Jarrah / Dasypogon bromeliifolius / Pericalymma ellipticum / Hibbertia Yellow sand
hypericoides
HV27 ?1b 7 12 _____________________________________________ | | Jarrah / Marri & A. fraseriana / Dryandra sessilis subsp. sessilis / Pericalymma Brown loam
ellipticum / Hibbertia hypericoides & Bossiaea ornata
HV35 1a? 7 13 ____________________________________________|_____________|_______________|__________________________________ Jarrah & Marri / A. fraseriana & C. haematoxylon / Dasypogon hookeriana & B. Brown sandy loam
grandis / Hakea amplexicaulis & X. gracilis / Hibbertia hypericoides / Patersonia
umbrosa
GAV0 21b 8 14 ____________________________________________ | Grey sand
5
HV03 21b 8 15 _____________ | | Jarrah / B. attenuata / Melaleuca thymoides / Stirlingia latifolia & Hibbertia Grey sand
hypericoides
HV16 21b 8 15 ____________|_________________ | | B. attenuata & B. ilicifolia / Melaleuca thymoides & Kunzea recurva / Eremaea Grey sand
pauciflora / Hibbertia hypericoides & Stirlingia latifolia
HV40 21a/21 8 15 _____________________________|______ | | B. ilicifolia, B. attenuata & A. fraseriana / Melaleuca thymoides, X. preissii & Grey sand
b
Kunzea recurva / Stirlingia latifolia & Adenanthos meisneri / Phlebocarya ciliata
HV04 21b/21 8 15 _________________________ | | | C. haematoxylon / Melaleuca trichophylla / Phlebocarya ciliata Grey sand
a
HV11 21b 8 15 ________________________|__________|_______|__ | Jarrah & Marri / C. haematoxylon & B. attenuata / Melaleuca thymoides, Kunzea Grey sand
recurva & Daviesia incrassata / Hibbertia hypericoides & Eremaea pauciflora /
Phlebocarya ciliata
HV38 21b 8 16 _____________________________________________|____________ | Jarrah / C. haematoxylon / Kunzea recurva & Melaleuca thymoides / Stirlingia Grey sand
latifolia / Phlebocarya ciliata
HV02 21b 9 17 ____________________ | | C. haematoxylon / B. grandis & B. attenuata / Melaleuca thymoides / Hibbertia Grey sand
hypericoides / Phlebocarya ciliata
HV07 21b 9 17 ___________________|_____ | | B. grandis & X. occidentale / X. preissii & Melaleuca thymoides / X. gracilis / Grey sand/laterite
Phlebocarya ciliata
HV34 21b/21 9 17 ________________________|____________ | | Jarrah / B. attenuata, A. fraseriana, C. haematoxylon, Persoonia longifolia & B. Grey sand
a
grandis / Pericalymma ellipticum, Melaleuca thymoides, Dasypogon hookeri /
Stirlingia latifolia & Hibbertia hypericoides / Dasypogon bromeliifolius
HV20 ?21b 9 18 ____________________________ | | | Jarrah & A. fraseriana / C. haematoxylon / X. occidentale / Pericalymma ellipticum Grey sand
/ Hibbertia hypericoides & Dryandra lindleyana subsp. lindleyana
HV22 x21b 9 18 ___________________________|________|________ | | C. haematoxylon, B. grandis & X. occidentale / Eremaea pauciflora & Melaleuca Grey sand
thymoides / Phlebocarya ciliata & Platytheca 'broad leaf"
HV10 21b 9 19 ____________________________________________|____________|________________________________ | Jarrah & Marri / C. haematoxylon / Kingia australis & X. occidentale / Melaleuca Brown sandy loam
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
Grey sandy loam
thymoides, Pericalymma ellipticum, X. gracilis & Kunzea recurva / Hibbertia
hypericoides & Stirlingia latifolia / Mesomelaena tetragona
Jarrah / C. haematoxylon & Kingia australis / Dasypogon hookeri & X. preissii /
Anarthria laevis
HV25 x1a 10 20 _________________________________________________________________________________________|__________________
|
| | | | | | | | | |
0.3140 0.3980 0.4820 0.5660 0.6500 0.7340 0.8180 0.9020 0.9860 1.07
Fct – putitive FCT from nearest neighbour analysis with HVBKSP data set
10 – 10 group level
20 – 20 group level
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
5.0 REFERENCES
Belbin, L. (1987) PATN Reference Manual (313p), Users Guide (79p), Command Manual (47p), and
Example Manual (108p). CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology, Lynham, ACT.
English, V., and Blyth, J. (1997) Identifying and conserving threatened ecological communities (TECs)
in the South West Botanical Province. ANCA National Reserves System Cooperative Program:
Project Number N702, Australian National Conservation Agency, Canberra
Gibson, N.G., Keighery, B.J., Keighery, G.J., Burbidge, A.H. and Lyons, M (1994). A Floristic Survey
of the Southern Swan Coastal Plain. Unpublished report by the Department of Conservation and Land
Management and the Conservation Council of Western Australia to the Australian Heritage
Commission.
Trudgen, M.E. (1999). A flora and vegetation survey of Lots 46 and 47 Maralla Road and Lexia
Avenue, Ellenbrook. Volumes 1-4. Unpublished report prepared for the Crown Solicitors Office,
Government of Western Australia. December 1999.
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
APPENDIX 1
Names combined for reconciliation of Happy Valley and Bronwen Keighery’s data
FCOD name lu_name
031 Amphipogon ?laguroides Amphipogon amphipogonoides
031 Amphipogon laguroides Amphipogon amphipogonoides
031 Amphipogon sp. omitted
031 Austrostipa sp. omitted
031 Austrostipa trichophylla Austrostipa campylachne
031 Lolium multiflorum Lolium rigidum
031 Neurachne sp. Neurachne alopecuroidea
031 Poaceae omitted
031 Vulpia myuros Vulpia bromoides
032 Lepidosperma leptostachyum Lepidosperma scabrum
032 Lepidosperma sp. omitted
032 Schoenus ?subflavus Schoenus subflavus
032 Schoenus sp. omitted
039 Sedge omitted
040 Aphelia brizula Aphelia cyperoides
054C Lomandra sp. omitted
054C Lomandra sp. nov. Lomandra sp. Dardanup
054D Xanthorrhoea acanthostachya Xanthorrhoea sp. nov.
054F Agrostocrinum sp. Agrostocrinum hirsutum
054F Laxmannia sessiliflora Laxmannia sessiliflora subsp. australis
054F Thysanotus ?multiflorus Thysanotus multiflorus
055 Conostylis ?setigera Conostylis setigera subsp. setigera
055 Conostylis setigera Conostylis setigera subsp. setigera
055 Haemodorum sp. omitted
060 Patersonia umbrosa var. umbrosa Patersonia umbrosa
060 Patersonia umbrosa var. xanthina Patersonia umbrosa
066 Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris Caladenia flava
066 Caladenia sp. omitted
066 Cyrtostylis huegelii Cyrtostylis sp.
066 Microtis sp. Microtis media
066 Orchidaceae omitted
066 Prasophyllum sp. omitted
066 Pterostylis sp. omitted
066 Thelymitra sp. omitted
090 Conospermum capitatum subsp. capitatum Conospermum capitatum
090 Dryandra lindleyana Dryandra lindleyana var. lindleyana
090 Synaphea petiolaris Synaphea petiolaris subsp. petiolaris
090 Synaphea sp. omitted
131 Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa Cassytha racemosa
131 Cassytha sp. omitted
143 Drosera marchantii subsp. marchantii Drosera marchantii
143 Drosera sp. omitted
149 Crassula colorata var. colorata Crassula colorata
152 Billardiera sp. Billardiera variifolia
152 Marianthus sp. Marianthus tenuis
152 Pronaya sp. Pronaya fraseri
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
FCOD name lu_name
163 Acacia pulchella var. glaberrima Acacia pulchella
163 Acacia pulchella var. pulchella Acacia pulchella
163 Acacia sp. omitted
165 Bossiaea sp. omitted
165 Daviesia incrassata Daviesia physodes
165 Daviesia nudiflora subsp. nudiflora Daviesia nudiflora
165 Daviesia preissii Daviesia angulata
165 Daviesia sp. omitted
165 Hovea trisperma var. grandiflora Hovea trisperma
165 Lotus angustissimus Lotus sp.
165 Lotus subbiflorus Lotus sp.
165 Sphaerolobium ?medium Sphaerolobium medium
165 Sphaerolobium sp. omitted
175 Boronia ?fastigiata Boronia fastigiata
175 Boronia sp. omitted
175 Boronia tenuis Boronia defoliata
183 Comesperma volubile Comesperma ciliatum
226 Hibbertia omitted
226 Hibbertia glomerata subsp. glomerata Hibbertia glomerata
226 Hibbertia sp. omitted
273 Eucalyptus calophylla Corymbia calophylla
273 Eucalyptus haematoxylon Corymbia haematoxylon
273 Eucalyptus marginata Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata
273 Kunzea recurva Kunzea rostrata
281 Xanthosia sp. omitted
288 Andersonia sp. omitted
288 Leucopogon sp. omitted
302 Logania connii Logania sp. Whicher
302 Logania sp. omitted
343 Stylidium ?spathulatum Stylidium spathulatum
343 Stylidium junceum Stylidium junceum subsp. brevius
343 Stylidium sp. omitted
345 Millotia tenuifolia Millotia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia
345 Siloxerus filifolius Siloxerus humifusus
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
APPENDIX 2
Names combined for reconciliation of Happy Valley, Bronwen Keighery’s and SCP data
FCOD name lu_name
031 Aira caryophyllea Aira praecox
031 Amphipogon ?laguroides Amphipogon amphipogonoides
031 Amphipogon laguroides Amphipogon amphipogonoides
031 Amphipogon sp. omitted
031 Austrostipa campylachne Austrostipa semibarbata/campylachne
031 Austrostipa sp. omitted
031 Austrostipa trichophylla Austrostipa semibarbata/campylachne
031 Lolium multiflorum Lolium rigidum
031 Lolium perenne Lolium rigidum
031 Neurachne sp. Neurachne alopecuroidea
031 Poaceae omitted
032 Lepidosperma leptostachyum Lepidosperma scabrum
032 Lepidosperma sp. omitted
032 Schoenus ?subflavus Schoenus subflavus
032 Schoenus sp. omitted
039 Lyginia imberbis Lyginia barbata
039 Sedge omitted
040 Aphelia brizula Aphelia cyperoides
054C Lomandra sp. omitted
054C Lomandra sp. nov. Lomandra sp. Dardanup
054D Xanthorrhoea brunonis subsp. brunonis Xanthorrhoea brunonis
054D Xanthorrhoea sp. nov. Xanthorrhoea acanthostachya
054F Agrostocrinum hirsutum Agrostocrinum scabrum
054F Agrostocrinum sp. Agrostocrinum scabrum
054F Chamaescilla corymbosa Chamaescilla spiralis/corymbosa
054F Laxmannia jamesii Laxmannia squarrosa
054F Laxmannia sessiliflora subsp. australis Laxmannia sessiliflora
054F Thysanotus ?multiflorus Thysanotus multiflorus
054F Thysanotus patersonii Thysanotus patersonii/manglesianus
054J Burchardia congesta Burchardia umbellata/congesta
055 Conostylis ?setigera Conostylis setigera subsp. setigera
055 Conostylis aculeata subsp. aculeata Conostylis aculeata
055 Conostylis setigera Conostylis setigera subsp. setigera
055 Haemodorum sp. omitted
060 Patersonia umbrosa var. umbrosa Patersonia umbrosa
060 Patersonia umbrosa var. xanthina Patersonia umbrosa
066 Caladenia flava subsp. sylvestris Caladenia flava
066 Caladenia longicauda subsp. longicauda Caladenia longicauda
066 Caladenia sp. omitted
066 Cyrtostylis sp. omitted
066 Microtis sp. omitted
066 Orchidaceae omitted
066 Prasophyllum sp. omitted
066 Pterostylis aff. nana Pterostylis aff nana
066 Pterostylis sp. omitted
066 Pterostylis sp. Slender Snail Orchid (G.J. Keigher omitted
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
FCOD name lu_name
066 Pyrorchis forrestii Pyrorchis nigricans
066 Thelymitra cornicina Thelymitra crinita
066 Thelymitra sp. omitted
090 Conospermum capitatum subsp. capitatum Conospermum capitatum
090 Dryandra lindleyana Dryandra nivea
090 Dryandra lindleyana var. lindleyana Dryandra nivea
090 Dryandra sessilis var. sessilis Dryandra sessilis
090 Synaphea petiolaris subsp. petiolaris Synaphea petiolaris
090 Synaphea sp. omitted
090 Synaphea sp. (Whicher Range BJK & NG 036) Synaphea whicherensis
092 Leptomeria ellytes Leptomeria lehmannii
131 Cassytha racemosa forma racemosa Cassytha racemosa
131 Cassytha sp. omitted
143 Drosera marchantii Drosera marchantii subsp. marchantii
143 Drosera menziesii Drosera menziesii subsp. penicillaris
143 Drosera preissii Drosera marchantii subsp. marchantii
143 Drosera sp. omitted
143 Drosera stelliflora Drosera platystigma
143 Drosera stolonifera subsp. stolonifera Drosera stolonifera
149 Crassula colorata var. colorata Crassula colorata
152 Billardiera sp. Billardiera variifolia
152 Marianthus sp. Marianthus tenuis
152 Pronaya sp. Pronaya fraseri
163 Acacia pulchella var. glaberrima Acacia pulchella
163 Acacia pulchella var. pulchella Acacia pulchella
163 Acacia sp. omitted
165 Bossiaea sp. omitted
165 Daviesia nudiflora subsp. nudiflora Daviesia nudiflora
165 Daviesia sp. omitted
165 Hovea trisperma Hovea trisperma var. grandiflora
165 Jacksonia sparsa Jacksonia sp.Busselton(G.J.Keighery 4482)
165 Lotus angustissimus Lotus sp.
165 Lotus suaveolens Lotus sp.
165 Lotus subbiflorus Lotus sp.
165 Sphaerolobium ?medium Sphaerolobium medium
165 Sphaerolobium aff. macranthum Sphaerolobium macranthum
165 Sphaerolobium drummondii Sphaerolobium macranthum
165 Sphaerolobium sp. omitted
175 Boronia ?fastigiata Boronia fastigiata
175 Boronia sp. omitted
182 Platytheca 'blunt leaves' Platytheca galioides
183 Comesperma ciliatum Comesperma volubile
185 Amperea simulans Amperea ericoides
226 Hibbertia omitted
226 Hibbertia diamesogenos Hibbertia rhadinopoda
226 Hibbertia glomerata subsp. glomerata Hibbertia glomerata
226 Hibbertia sp. omitted
273 Agonis grandiflora Paragonis grandiflora
273 Eucalyptus calophylla Corymbia calophylla
273 Eucalyptus haematoxylon Corymbia haematoxylon
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
FCOD name lu_name
273 Eucalyptus marginata subsp. marginata Eucalyptus marginata
273 Kunzea rostrata Kunzea recurva
273 Verticordia densiflora var. cespitosa Verticordia densiflora
281 Xanthosia sp. omitted
288 Andersonia sp. omitted
288 Andersonia sp.Ironstone(B.J.Keighery & N.Gibson Andersonia ferricola
288 Leucopogon ?whicherensis omitted
288 Leucopogon sp. omitted
302 Logania sp. omitted
302 Logania sp. Whicher Logania connii
313 Hemiandra pungens Hemiandra pungens/linearis
331 Opercularia apiciflora Opercularia apiciflora
341 Dampiera ?alata Dampiera alata
343 Stylidium ?spathulatum Stylidium spathulatum
343 Stylidium junceum subsp. brevius Stylidium junceum
343 Stylidium sp. omitted
345 Millotia tenuifolia Millotia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
APPENDIX 3
Contents of Hvoutput.xls file
sheet:hvbk_twy
HV with BK data alone, species and sites classified and presented to show differences in the species
composition of the classified groups.
(the FCT is that inferred from the analysis with the SCP sites, as per the methods I used in other
reports.)
sheet:hvbk_chart
chart of 10 group level sites HV with BK data alone, with datasets also indicated.
Shows
modest grouping across surveys and
modest geographic grouping ~ parallel to scarp
sheet:hvbk_co-ords
co-ords for part of hvbk_chart
sheet:hvbksp_twy
HV with BK and SCP data, species and sites classified and presented to show differences in the species
composition of the classified groups.
(The FCT_NNB is that inferred from the analysis with the SCP sites)
gp100 and gp150 from HV with BK and SCP data
gp10 and gp20 from HV with BK data
shows:
good accord of classification of sites between datasets.
coloured species names are those indicated from sheet:species as having some apparant differences
between datasets worth further enquiry. (See Sheet species for more info.)
sheet:hvbksp_gp100
This is an attempt to demonstrate fidelity of species groups for site groups. In this case gp50 from
species classification and gp100 from site classification. Values are %. The higher, the greater the
fidelity.
sheet:hvbksp_charts
two sets of charts at 2 scales
1. groups 1-7 and 14 from 100 group level, and
2. FCTs of SCP sites
shows
modest geographic consistency between SCP and other sites, eg
FCT 1b not really in HV area and does not group with them (gp100#1)
FCT 1a covers HV area and some sites group with HV sites (gp100#4)
FCT 21b in area, groups with one BK site but not with others (gp100#14)
Appears that there are several distinct groups in HV area. It is probably true for there are distinct
geographic patterns ~ parallel to scarp. However, the separation from SCP appears in part an artefact. I
suggest that gp100#6 is probably related to FCT21b and gp100#3-5 are related to FCT1a.
sheet:hvbksp_alpha
Part of an attempt to understand where there might be systematic differences in the species
nomenclature which might be influencing the classifications. Not easy to make sense of this alone.
sheet:hvbksp_species
This is 3 sets of summaries by species (separated by green columns)
All are number of sites in each column in which species present.
First set is summarised by study
Second is study by gp100
Third is gp100
Three sets of colouring of cells in study columns
orange - species that Ted should have amalgamated
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FCT Analysis Happy Valley Quadrats E.A. Griffin & Associates April 2006
pale blue - apparant fidelity for study but probably due to gp100 grouping
yellow - species which suggest a difference between studies, especially HV vs SCP(+/-BK) These are
generally widely spread across the gp100 groups and are not likely to be habitat specific as the pale
blue ones probably are.
(These colourings have been transferred to the sheet:hvbksp_twy)
sheet:hvbksp_families
A tabulation of the av number of species per site from each family summarised by gp100 and studies
separately.
sheet:site richness
shows that the species richness at the HV sites is lower than those in either of the other surveys.
This should be viewed in the context of the apparently low number of species in some semi-annual
families (Orchids, lillies).
106