language and literature european landmarks of identity

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Crest – Crestomaţia limbii române vechi, I (1521 – 1639), Bucureşti, Editura Academiei Române, 1994 CS- Codicele sturzan (ed. Gh. Chivu), Bucureşti, Editura Academiei Române, 1993 CV – Codicele voroneţean (ed. M. Costinescu) Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1981 IO – Ivireanu, Antim, Opere, Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1972 ITR – Istoria Ţărâi Româneşti (ed. O.Dragomir) Bucureşti, Editura Academiei Române, 2006 PH – Psaltirea Hurmuzachi, I, (ed. I. Gheţie şi M. Teodorescu), Bucureşti, Editura Academiei Române, 2005 PO – Palia de la Orăştie (ed. V. Pamfil), Bucureşti, 1968 VC – Varlaam, Opere, Cazania (ed. M. Neagu), Chişinău, Hyperion, 1991 VO - Varlaam, Opere, Răspunsul împotriva Catihismului Calvinesc (ed. M. Teodorescu), Bucureşti, Editura Minerva, 1984.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF PROPER NAMES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH TOPONYMS 1 Abstract: The role of proper names is to identify, to individualize. Proper names designate phenomena, objects (in the broad sense of the term) that are unique, individual, while appellatives designate classes of objects, general notions. Proper names confer concreteness, while common nouns generalize. In order to establish the characteristics of proper names one has to proceed from the general to the particular, from the abstract to the concrete, whereas, in detecting common nouns, the procedure follows the reverse direction, from the concrete to the abstract, from the particular to the general. Keywords: proper names, appellatives, toponyms. The totality of the place names in a country or region make up the toponymy of the country or region in question, a term which also designates the related branch of onomastics, which studies the origin, the initial signification and the evolution of the topical names. The object of onomastics is represented by proper names, which designate in particular various individual features, in order to distinguish them from the other objects of the same kind. In the specialized literature published abroad there are opinions expressing the idea that onomastics implies a broader field of research. Thus, O. S. Ahmanova (Ahmanova, 1958: 14-16) maintains that within the scope of onomastics, apart from forenames, surnames, patronymics, and names of animals – which she groups into the class of names proper – and geographic names, one should also integrate mythological names, astronomic names, names of literary characters or illustrious people, names of the various organizations, companies or associations, etc., names of watercraft, as well as the individual and generic names of the various food or industrial products, the titles of literary, musical or generally artistic works. The question to ask then is what one should understand by proper names. In the Grammar of Romanian (Gramatica limbii române) one can come across the following opinion concerning proper names: Some nouns designate only some specific beings, things of phenomena, considered in isolation, in order to distinguish them from the others in the same category or species, which is why they are called proper nouns. They express notions which are formed through abstracting the common features from several specimens (GLR, second edition, 1963: 55). In most grammar textbooks proper names are considered a subclass of the noun, opposed to the common names / nouns. However, lately the exclusive use of the logical-semantic criteria in delimiting the proper names has come in for a great deal of criticism, paralleled by the recommendation to use the grammatical criteria in clarifying the proper – common opposition. One has to mention the fact that the class of the proper names is far from being homegeneous in point of marking the grammatical categories and inflection, in general, and this lack of unity demonstrates the complexity of that nominal subclass. The same aspect is manifest when it comes to the "use of the articles with proper names" (Tomescu, 1998: 47 and foll). It is a well-known fact that, almost without exception, proper names are derived from common nouns. In their evolution towards the status of proper names, the 1 Adriana Geantă, University of Piteşti, adrianageanta@yahoo.com.
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MINISTERUL EDUCAŢIEI, CERCETĂRII,
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Alliance Française Ecaterina Stroe
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Syntactic Structures in Old Romania
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BRIEF NOTES ON THE IMAGINARY SPACE
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Eminescu a fost socotit un poet na
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DONC 1 Abstract: This article outli
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déroulement et le fait qu’ils ob
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« contextuel ». Même si les vale
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LEGI Mold., = Carte romînească de
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L1 Acquisition and Negative Evidenc
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significantly better that all other
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After the administration of the pre
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TIMES OF LITERATURE AND POLITICAL I
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communism, about the instauration o
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From this perspective, the curricul
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LA FAMILIA EN EL TIEMPO Y ESPACIO E
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período de abulia 1 . A causa de l
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2.2. La familia nuclear Teóricamen
Page 37 and 38: Unidos, por medio de diferentes per
Page 39 and 40: Cueto Pérez, M., Aspectos sistemá
Page 41 and 42: autour de cette interruption de la
Page 43 and 44: L’arrêt de l’horloge est un si
Page 45 and 46: Bibliographie Călinescu, George, I
Page 47 and 48: MDN (2007) - The Comprehensive Dict
Page 49 and 50: dicarboxilic < engl. dicarboxylic d
Page 51 and 52: during their adaptation process. Th
Page 53 and 54: Le processus du calque est importan
Page 55 and 56: en roumain comme post- déterminant
Page 57 and 58: ...într-aceĭa jupăneasa Ancaa n-
Page 59 and 60: The elements of the periphrasis cou
Page 61 and 62: amŭ fostŭ cugetatŭ (CCînv, 6);
Page 63 and 64: POURQUOI EST-CE QUE LES MOTS DISPAR
Page 65 and 66: dans les langues romanes, soit un c
Page 67 and 68: ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODA
Page 69 and 70: indicative (due to its phonological
Page 71 and 72: TEMPORAL ASPECTS IN THE ROMANIAN FA
Page 73 and 74: It was specified that the imperfect
Page 75 and 76: estriştii aprig vânt" (19), "Nu s
Page 77 and 78: în umbră" (38), "apele purtau o m
Page 79 and 80: SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES IN OLD ROMANIA
Page 81 and 82: (Crest: 53); Aduşu elu înraintea
Page 83 and 84: 5. Conclusions Although the syntact
Page 85 and 86: The pattern of the examples also in
Page 87: întoarce-se şi mâneca cătră Ze
Page 91 and 92: that underlies the proper one", and
Page 93 and 94: - as a discourse unit, the proper n
Page 95 and 96: In some contexts, the adverb now is
Page 97 and 98: Interjections have inherent deictic
Page 99 and 100: L’une des caractéristiques les p
Page 101 and 102: 2. Éléments verbaux et paraverbau
Page 103 and 104: THE RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE GENERATED B
Page 105 and 106: achieved by using examples from the
Page 107 and 108: a) exclamatory enunciations, associ
Page 109 and 110: Aş întreba: dacă ar veni cineva
Page 111 and 112: AVATARS OF WRITING AND SPEAKING IN
Page 113 and 114: Bibliography Borţun, D., Semiotic
Page 115 and 116: - clarity - clear, logical, and con
Page 117 and 118: At the lexical level it has specifi
Page 119 and 120: BIO- EN LANGUE ROUMAINE ACTUELLE 1
Page 121 and 122: teoria generală a sistemelor cu co
Page 123 and 124: LEXICAL INTERFERENCES BETWEEN JOURN
Page 125 and 126: An example which illustrates this r
Page 127 and 128: Despite the President’s claims, h
Page 129 and 130: Conclusions Just as the specialists
Page 131 and 132: REMARKS ON PHYSICS TERMINOLOGY IN A
Page 133 and 134: Lexical loan-translations are numer
Page 135 and 136: MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE WALLACH
Page 137 and 138: de au venit...dînsu de dimineaţă
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ASPECTS OF THE VOCABULARY IN DIMITR
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prefaţiune (it. prefazione), consi
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- phraseological calques: ai pietat
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find the verb and the participle tr
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The Slavic mjesto “place” gener
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used only in Moldavia at that time.
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Gafton, Alexandru, Evoluţia limbii
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wives are curious like some railway
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Festival from Mexico, there is Tran
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LA POÉSIE VIENT DE L’EST 1 Abstr
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détiennent le pouvoir dans la soci
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humain facile à deviner même à d
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de la réalisation du portrait d’
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cultural life, so that students, ca
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BOOKS OF CURSES AND NORMATIVE CODES
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The legislative initiatives 1 of th
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situ investigations aimed to establ
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written documents, and some of them
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memoranda of the Department of Just
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La poésie est un refus (implicite
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PERSPECTIVES ON THE IDEA OF MAN UND
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fear that my old habit of speaking
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was also created in the West, too.
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as Don Quixote does, to whom I am m
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another, "as a conflagration favore
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Jews as alien elements. If by this
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that sat in King's involvement in m
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MEDIEVAL PATTERNS IN MIRON COSTIN'S
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considerations about the precarity
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TEMPS, HISTOIRE ET SPIRITUALITÉ DA
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Stéphane a percé tous les secrets
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Il y a d’abord Chronos, l’écou
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chercheur éternel de réponses, Vi
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Bibliographie Eliade, M., Fragment
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créative de la biographie dans l
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holbanian vit une scission intérie
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THE OTHER WORLD IN THE ROMANIAN FOL
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Hero’s obsessive quest - extended
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şedeau încremenite şi mute în s
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SPACE AND TIME IN CAMIL PETRESCU’
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them, etc.) and those that do not c
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holidays and death days here. There
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“SCRISOAREA I” BY M. EMINESCU.
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J'étais seul avant la création et
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THE SPACE-TIME DIMENSION IN “THE
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Roderick’s room is described by t
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Roderick tried to listen with ease
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Picture 1. René Magritte, LA CHUTE
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used as a means of access to commun
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extended by the lifelong learning p
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country such as Romania, by its Lat
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of this approach are important in o
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market in Romania (considering the
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mentality in the reception horizon.
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multiples [...], est présenté com
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artistes pauvres dont la perte est
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ASPECTS DU MYTHE DU POUVOIR DANS LE
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oublié ses ancêtres, qu’il soit
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Et bien sûr, on doit réfléchir a
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commercial, the receiver/addressee
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Initial Situation The hero begins a
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important elements that help buildi
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d’analyse » (Munteanu, 1981: 44)
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EMBLÈMES (IN)ACTUELS DE LA CULTURE
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Dans le contexte décrit du moderni
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même esprit du renoncement à l’
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En contrepoint, il y a des écrivai
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THE OIL LANDSCAPE IN GEO BOGZA’S
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despair of soul and hunger of bones
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LE VERSANT SUBJECTIF DES MYTHES ET
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tient bon: « Je n’avale pas mes
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(humains, animaux, formes de relief
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coutume qu’ils peuvent garder pou
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of the fundamental themes of Blaga
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today/free of yesterday" outlines a
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Lucian Blaga, argues: "indefinite i
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ut the evaluative means of interpre
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prose that he started, right in tha
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