language and literature european landmarks of identity

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Istrate G, The Romanian Literary Language. Studies and Articles, Minerva Publishing House, Bucharest, 1985. Rosetti Al., Cazacu B., Onu L., The History of the Romanian Literary Language, vol. I, From its Origins to the Beginning of the 19 th century, 2 nd edition, Minerva Publishing House, Bucharest 1971. Ghetie I, The History of the Romanian Literary Language, ESE, Bucharest 1978. Panaitescu P., Beginnings and Victory of Writing in Romanian, Scientific Publishing House, Bucharest 1965. Bulgar G., Issues of the Literary Language in the Romanian Writers’ Mentality. Didactic and Pedagogic Publishing House, Bucharest 1965.
ASPECTS OF THE VOCABULARY IN DIMITRIE BOLINTINEANU’S WORK 1 Abstract: In the 19th century, the vocabulary of the Romanian language is generally part of the literary norms. The aspects concerning the vocabulary refer to the adaptation of neologisms and the use of archaic, regional and folk terms, but also to their coexistence within the vocabulary. At this stage of the Romanian language evolution, dominated by the French influence, in Bolintineanu’s work, there are to be found also Greek and Turkish words. Keywords: neologism, archaism, regionalism. The vocabulary of old literary Romanian language was poor, the syntax was clumsy and confusing, the morphology contained double or triple forms of the same word, without making a semantic distinction. Old literary Romanian language was intended to serve a less developed culture, primarily governed by theology. The role of religious books printed in the old age of Romanian culture cannot be contested in what the further development of the Romanian language is concerned. The representatives of the Transylvanian School are the ones who brought a new orientation in the Romanian culture, dominated at the time by the Phanariot sovereignty, through their linguistic, grammatical or rhetorical works to enrich the historical Latin background by introducing a large number of Romanic neologisms, which during the years replaced the Turkish and Greek words so used in the 18 th century in the language of the dominant classes in Moldavia and Wallachia. A new terminology, new orthographical and orthoepic rules were required. The initiatives of the Transylvanian School representatives were successfully continued by Ion Heliade Rădulescu and the writers who participated in the revolution of 1848 and who were grouped around the major literary journals and magazines of the time: Curierul rumânesc, Albina românească, Gazeta Teatrului naţional, Curierul de ambe sexe, Alăuta românească, Foaie pentru minte, inimă şi literatură, Propăşirea, Foaie ştiinţifică şi literară, Popolul suveran, gazetă politică şi literară, Revista Carpaţilor etc.. Alongside the development of natural sciences, the reorganization of the state and of the social life, the revolutionary generation of 1848 went further to the modernization of the Romanian language that in the 19 th century receives new meanings related primarily to the differentiation of language styles. The glorious revolutionary generation of 1848 wrote an excellent modern literary language, their style being able to rise to the level of the old traditional literary languages in Europe. Asachi's, Negruzzi's, Alecsandri's Kogalniceanu's, Alexandrescu's, Bolintineanu's, Alecu Russo's works, the various articles printed in Transylvania by Gh. Bariţiu are the testimony of the literary language development, of the collective effort in the field of literature and modern language. (Bulgăr, 1966: 24). The Romanian press had an important role in the spread of the great number of neologisms, which were included in the Romanian language in the period of 1829-1860, and in the changing of the syntax of the literary Romanian language, especially under the influence of French language. 1 Alina-Maria Tisoaică, University of Piteşti, amtv3@yahoo.com.
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MINISTERUL EDUCAŢIEI, CERCETĂRII,
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Alliance Française Ecaterina Stroe
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Syntactic Structures in Old Romania
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BRIEF NOTES ON THE IMAGINARY SPACE
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Eminescu a fost socotit un poet na
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DONC 1 Abstract: This article outli
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déroulement et le fait qu’ils ob
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« contextuel ». Même si les vale
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LEGI Mold., = Carte romînească de
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L1 Acquisition and Negative Evidenc
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significantly better that all other
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After the administration of the pre
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TIMES OF LITERATURE AND POLITICAL I
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communism, about the instauration o
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From this perspective, the curricul
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LA FAMILIA EN EL TIEMPO Y ESPACIO E
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período de abulia 1 . A causa de l
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2.2. La familia nuclear Teóricamen
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Unidos, por medio de diferentes per
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Cueto Pérez, M., Aspectos sistemá
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autour de cette interruption de la
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L’arrêt de l’horloge est un si
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Bibliographie Călinescu, George, I
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MDN (2007) - The Comprehensive Dict
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dicarboxilic < engl. dicarboxylic d
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during their adaptation process. Th
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Le processus du calque est importan
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en roumain comme post- déterminant
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...într-aceĭa jupăneasa Ancaa n-
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The elements of the periphrasis cou
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amŭ fostŭ cugetatŭ (CCînv, 6);
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POURQUOI EST-CE QUE LES MOTS DISPAR
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dans les langues romanes, soit un c
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ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODA
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indicative (due to its phonological
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TEMPORAL ASPECTS IN THE ROMANIAN FA
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It was specified that the imperfect
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estriştii aprig vânt" (19), "Nu s
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în umbră" (38), "apele purtau o m
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SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES IN OLD ROMANIA
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(Crest: 53); Aduşu elu înraintea
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5. Conclusions Although the syntact
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The pattern of the examples also in
Page 87 and 88: întoarce-se şi mâneca cătră Ze
Page 89 and 90: CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF PROPER N
Page 91 and 92: that underlies the proper one", and
Page 93 and 94: - as a discourse unit, the proper n
Page 95 and 96: In some contexts, the adverb now is
Page 97 and 98: Interjections have inherent deictic
Page 99 and 100: L’une des caractéristiques les p
Page 101 and 102: 2. Éléments verbaux et paraverbau
Page 103 and 104: THE RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE GENERATED B
Page 105 and 106: achieved by using examples from the
Page 107 and 108: a) exclamatory enunciations, associ
Page 109 and 110: Aş întreba: dacă ar veni cineva
Page 111 and 112: AVATARS OF WRITING AND SPEAKING IN
Page 113 and 114: Bibliography Borţun, D., Semiotic
Page 115 and 116: - clarity - clear, logical, and con
Page 117 and 118: At the lexical level it has specifi
Page 119 and 120: BIO- EN LANGUE ROUMAINE ACTUELLE 1
Page 121 and 122: teoria generală a sistemelor cu co
Page 123 and 124: LEXICAL INTERFERENCES BETWEEN JOURN
Page 125 and 126: An example which illustrates this r
Page 127 and 128: Despite the President’s claims, h
Page 129 and 130: Conclusions Just as the specialists
Page 131 and 132: REMARKS ON PHYSICS TERMINOLOGY IN A
Page 133 and 134: Lexical loan-translations are numer
Page 135 and 136: MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF THE WALLACH
Page 137: de au venit...dînsu de dimineaţă
Page 141 and 142: prefaţiune (it. prefazione), consi
Page 143 and 144: - phraseological calques: ai pietat
Page 145 and 146: find the verb and the participle tr
Page 147 and 148: The Slavic mjesto “place” gener
Page 149 and 150: used only in Moldavia at that time.
Page 151 and 152: Gafton, Alexandru, Evoluţia limbii
Page 153 and 154: wives are curious like some railway
Page 155 and 156: Festival from Mexico, there is Tran
Page 157 and 158: LA POÉSIE VIENT DE L’EST 1 Abstr
Page 159 and 160: détiennent le pouvoir dans la soci
Page 161 and 162: humain facile à deviner même à d
Page 163 and 164: de la réalisation du portrait d’
Page 165 and 166: cultural life, so that students, ca
Page 167 and 168: BOOKS OF CURSES AND NORMATIVE CODES
Page 169 and 170: The legislative initiatives 1 of th
Page 171 and 172: situ investigations aimed to establ
Page 173 and 174: written documents, and some of them
Page 175 and 176: memoranda of the Department of Just
Page 177 and 178: La poésie est un refus (implicite
Page 179 and 180: PERSPECTIVES ON THE IDEA OF MAN UND
Page 181 and 182: fear that my old habit of speaking
Page 183 and 184: was also created in the West, too.
Page 185 and 186: as Don Quixote does, to whom I am m
Page 187 and 188: another, "as a conflagration favore
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Jews as alien elements. If by this
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that sat in King's involvement in m
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MEDIEVAL PATTERNS IN MIRON COSTIN'S
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considerations about the precarity
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TEMPS, HISTOIRE ET SPIRITUALITÉ DA
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Stéphane a percé tous les secrets
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Il y a d’abord Chronos, l’écou
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chercheur éternel de réponses, Vi
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Bibliographie Eliade, M., Fragment
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créative de la biographie dans l
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holbanian vit une scission intérie
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THE OTHER WORLD IN THE ROMANIAN FOL
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Hero’s obsessive quest - extended
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şedeau încremenite şi mute în s
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SPACE AND TIME IN CAMIL PETRESCU’
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them, etc.) and those that do not c
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holidays and death days here. There
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“SCRISOAREA I” BY M. EMINESCU.
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J'étais seul avant la création et
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THE SPACE-TIME DIMENSION IN “THE
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Roderick’s room is described by t
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Roderick tried to listen with ease
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Picture 1. René Magritte, LA CHUTE
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used as a means of access to commun
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extended by the lifelong learning p
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country such as Romania, by its Lat
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of this approach are important in o
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market in Romania (considering the
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mentality in the reception horizon.
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multiples [...], est présenté com
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artistes pauvres dont la perte est
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ASPECTS DU MYTHE DU POUVOIR DANS LE
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oublié ses ancêtres, qu’il soit
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Et bien sûr, on doit réfléchir a
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commercial, the receiver/addressee
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Initial Situation The hero begins a
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important elements that help buildi
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d’analyse » (Munteanu, 1981: 44)
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EMBLÈMES (IN)ACTUELS DE LA CULTURE
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Dans le contexte décrit du moderni
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même esprit du renoncement à l’
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En contrepoint, il y a des écrivai
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THE OIL LANDSCAPE IN GEO BOGZA’S
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despair of soul and hunger of bones
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LE VERSANT SUBJECTIF DES MYTHES ET
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tient bon: « Je n’avale pas mes
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(humains, animaux, formes de relief
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coutume qu’ils peuvent garder pou
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of the fundamental themes of Blaga
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today/free of yesterday" outlines a
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Lucian Blaga, argues: "indefinite i
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ut the evaluative means of interpre
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prose that he started, right in tha
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