Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap 2005-2030 - Federation of ...
Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap 2005-2030 - Federation of ...
Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap 2005-2030 - Federation of ...
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UAS ROADMAP <strong>2005</strong><br />
APPENDIX A: MISSIONS<br />
OVERVIEW<br />
This appendix will review the use <strong>of</strong> <strong>Unmanned</strong> <strong>Aircraft</strong> (UA) platforms across many mission areas.<br />
Each mission area review has a summary that includes objectives and guidance for critical technology<br />
research and development. The reader should also perceive the following themes:<br />
� UA have matured to the point where one no longer needs to “look for niche missions.” United States<br />
aerospace and s<strong>of</strong>tware industries are world leaders. The U.S. can develop a UA to accomplish<br />
almost any mission imaginable. Instead <strong>of</strong> asking, “Can we find a mission for this UA?” one will ask<br />
“Why are we still doing this mission with a human?” The correct course <strong>of</strong> action will be determined<br />
by the analysis <strong>of</strong> the available capabilities to achieve the desired effect and best value for each<br />
mission.<br />
� Look for commercial answers to achieve the best value and satisfy Strategic Planning Guidance<br />
(SPG). A 50 percent solution tomorrow is <strong>of</strong>ten better than a 70-80 percent solution in three years<br />
and better than a 95 percent solution in 10 years. Commercial solutions avoid using defense<br />
development dollars, which provides the opportunity for other developments, and <strong>of</strong>fers the concept<br />
<strong>of</strong> “consumable logistics.” The theory being “Why pay for any significant sustainment when you can<br />
buy a new and improved item three years from now (e.g., desktop computer, VCR, toaster, vacuum<br />
cleaner, DVD player)?”<br />
� <strong>Systems</strong> engineering principles must be applied to any government developed solution. Designs and<br />
trades start with understanding the desired effect. Ensure the development <strong>of</strong> any UA platform starts<br />
first with a thorough understanding <strong>of</strong> the mission it will accomplish. Do NOT make a UA, and then<br />
find a mission for it. Do NOT design a low-observable aircraft, and then try to figure out how to<br />
make it do a strike or suppression <strong>of</strong> enemy air defense (SEAD) mission.<br />
� Continued miniaturization is resulting in a migration <strong>of</strong> capability from larger to smaller platforms.<br />
For instance, the sensor capabilities first demonstrated on the RQ-1A Predator in 1994 are now<br />
available on the RQ-7 Shadow. Moore’s Law “like” evolution will continue to push more capability<br />
to smaller and smaller platforms as progress is made through the next two decades.<br />
� Small UA have the potential to solve a wide-variety <strong>of</strong> difficult problems that may be unaffordable by<br />
trying to find solutions with traditionally larger platforms.<br />
The UA platform is the most apparent component <strong>of</strong> a modern UA system and in most cases can be<br />
considered the “truck” for the payload. Platforms can vary in size and shape from the Micro Air Vehicle<br />
(MAV) with a wingspan <strong>of</strong> inches, to behemoths with wingspans greater than 100 feet. Platforms<br />
accommodate the payload requirements, e.g. size, weight, and power; and platforms are designed with the<br />
capabilities required for the environment in which it will operate. Speed, endurance, signature,<br />
survivability and affordability are factored together to provide integrated solutions to meet mission<br />
requirements.<br />
While the platform is the most visible component <strong>of</strong> a UA system, in the broad perspective, the platform<br />
needs to become less <strong>of</strong> a long-term sustainable resource. Replacement or modification <strong>of</strong> platforms are<br />
expected to increase as more emphasis is placed on spiral acquisition and integrated capabilities. It is<br />
unlikely that sustaining UA airframes for more than a few decades will be cost effective. Where<br />
appropriate, the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense (DoD) will encourage the treatment <strong>of</strong> UA systems as<br />
consumables. This could avoid the establishment <strong>of</strong> large sustainment structures. If users can adapt<br />
tactics and doctrine to accommodate a commercially available item, then this can provide DoD with<br />
affordable alternatives to the legacy cycle <strong>of</strong> develop-produce-sustain.<br />
Legacy and contemporary use <strong>of</strong> UA platforms have established two intrinsic advantages DoD will<br />
continue to capitalize on when solving mission area problems. First, the UA can provide a level <strong>of</strong><br />
persistence that far exceeds the human capacity to endure. Second, removing the human from the aircraft<br />
APPENDIX A – MISSIONS<br />
Page A-1