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Studies on double emulsion (W/O/W) of iron aminoacid chelate. Rubén Jiménez Alvarado, Gerardo Valerio Alfaro, José Alberto Monroy Rivera* jamonroy@itver.edu.<strong>mx</strong>. UNIDA, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz Double emulsions are meta-stable dispersions of water/oil/water type (W/O/W) or oil/water/oil type (O/W/O). They are widely used in pharmaceutical applications. In this work, the preparation conditions of a double emulsion W/O/W-type containing water soluble iron aminoacid chelate were studied. The primary emulsion was obtained at 25 000 rpm after 30 min of agitation. Three span 80 concentrations were tested as W/O emulsifying agent (2, 17 and 32%). The secondary emulsion was prepared at 600 rpm during 15 min. The hydroxipropilcellulose (5%) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate –SLS- (0.1, 1 and 10 the Critical Micelle Concentration, CMC) were the emulsifiers for the secondary emulsion O/W. The double emulsion was steady when span 80 concentration in the primary emulsion was 17% and the SLS concentration in secondary emulsion was 10 CMC. The inner droplets mean diameter was in the 0.25-0.47 µm range and the diameter of the external droplet were between 15 and 30 µm. The water concentration was 90% in the W/O primary emulsion and 10% in the secondary emulsion. KEY WORDS. Double emulsion, iron aminoacid chelate, span 80, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate INTRODUCTION Emulsions contain two immiscible fluids like water and oil. The oil in water dispersions are called direct emulsions. The double emulsions can be of type W/O/W or O/W/O 3,5,6,7 . This structure of double compartment has created great interest toward multiple systems since his first description in 1925 12 . At this time, they were considered as a depot of encapsulated substances that could be released under different conditions 8 . A more important number of applications is encountered in human pharmaceutics 2,11,12 . The W/O/W emulsions have been tested as a potential carrier of several hydrophilic drugs (vaccines, vitamins, enzymes, hormones) progressively released 1 . Considering the importance of iron in the biosynthesis of vital molecules (hemoglobin, miohemoglobin, metabolic enzymes, etc.), there is a tendency to fortify foods with iron, in some cases in mixture with microelements and vitamins. Iron is better absorbed as chelate iron than the sulfate form 9 . Besides, the biglicined iron has a high potential as a food fortifier because its absorption isn’t diminished by precipitation, or by its linkage with other molecules, like phytates. However, biglicined iron increases the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids more strongly than other fortifiers and it has an unpleasant flavour. The stability of the biglicined iron is other disadvantage; it is easily oxidized to its ferric form. These
problems can be controlled by double emulsion encapsulation 4,10,13 . The aim of this work was to prepare a W/O/W double emulsion containing biglicined iron in its internal acuose phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS The double emulsion was prepared at 20°C in two steps 11,14 . Primary emulsion: 9 ml of biglicined iron solution were slowly added to a mixture of 1 ml of mineral oil and sorbitan monooleate (SPAN 80 at 2, 17 and 32%) in a Polyscience homogenizer at 25000 rpm during 30 min. Secondary emulsion: The primary emulsion was dispersed in deionized water using a magnetic stirrer at 600 rpm. Hydroxipropil cellulose was added as thickener. Sodium Lauril Sulfate (SLS) was evaluated as emulsifying agent at 0.1, 1 and 10 of the Critic Micelle Concentration (CMC=8 E-03 Mol/l). The primary and secondary emulsions were analyzed using 100X immersion lens in an optical microscopic (National) equipped with digital camera and software for data analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The inverse emulsion (W/O) obtained (fig. 1) was a cuasimonodisperse emulsion of biglicined iron with diameter drops of 0.25-0.47 mm. Figure 2 shows the double emulsion structure obtained with 2% of SPAN 80 in the primary emulsion. The emulsion W/O was highly a) b) c) Fig. 1. Primary W/O Emulsion obtained with: a) 2%; b) 17%; c) 32% Span80 viscous and it was very difficult to disperse. A cluster of the primary emulsion surrounded by water is appreciated in this figure. The aggregate was bigger at lower
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