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FP06-2004 Food Science and Biotechnology in Developing Countries Diet Effect upon chemical composition of Pelibuey and Polipay - Rambouillet. Esaúl Jaramillo López (1), Gwendolyne Peraza Mercado (2) y Saraí Chávez del Hierro (3). (1) Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32300, A.P.1595-D, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, Tel y Fax. 6881894. Email: ejaramil@uacj.mx (2) Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32300, A.P.1595-D, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, Tel y Fax. 6881894. Email: gperaza@uacj.mx (3) Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, C.P. 32300, A.P.1595-D, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, Tel y Fax. 6881894. Email: al48917@uacj.mx Abstract The main objetive of the present project was to evaluate the effect of the type of gain (corn and sorghum) upon the chemical composition of Pelibuey or Tabasco (P) and Polipay - Rambouillet (PR) lamb meat. Longissimus dorsi samples from the right side carcass of lambs (8 from each breed) were analysed. Key words: Maize, sorghum, lamb, Pelibuey, Polipay - Rambouillet. Introduction One of the foremost activities that maintain great importance in the socioeconomic context is the cattle; it provides manifold satisfactions to the humanity. The production of wool, skin, milk and meat are some of the elements operated by man; mainly the meat production is the most productive activity scattered in rural means, since it is still made in all the ecological regions of the country and in adverse conditions that do not allow the practice of other productive activities. 1,2 The development of the country has implied in addition to the accelerated growth, and the concentration of the population in medium and great urban centers has had a strong impact in the demand and the habits of consumption of this type of meat, due to its attractive prices, requiring production systems that can generate sufficient volumes of animal origin products to supply to great cities. 2,3 The meat of this type of animals is very spread in our country and the import levels are of 334.000 heads reported for 1999, with a total production in our country of only 2%, numbers that have stayed constant until recent years; and the increase perspective of the consumption of this type of meat is of 5,4% for year 2000. 2 According to the ovine races, the Pelibuey is the most in the lamb zones near City Mexico, mainly in the states of the coast of the gulf, in the Yucatan Peninsula and the states of the coast of the Pacific; observing a fast increase of this race in the mentioned regions. The flocks are operated in rudimentary form, without established programs of handling, genetic improvement or preventive cares causing a low gain of weight and its consequent long period of growth, due to the lack food that causes this cattle to grow up under excessive pasturing. 1,3,4 The cross of ovines contributes to a uniform animal obtaining as far as the production and adaptation of the atmosphere where they are developed, besides they transmit their desirable characteristics with greater force. 1 In the crossing and cattle production some changes like rasher carcass greater speed of growth and a better yield when sacrificed have taken place. 5 The Rambouillet race descends from the Spanish Merino and it is in the classification of fine wool races. From the beginning, this race was selected and developed so that it had a greater average size than the Spanish Merino and which provided one double aptitude, being able to produce as much wool as meat. They are great ovine, rustic and of fast growth; their skin are almost free of wrinkles, its conformation is acceptable for meat, although nonequal to the one of the races with that aptitude. The polipay lamb is of great interest because it develops a great productivity in the industry, and it is characterized to have an early puberty and short gestation. 6 The main foods for cattle are grouped in two great categories: foraging and concentrated foods. The concentrated ones include the energetic foods, which are made up of cereals, which are from the qualitative point of view the most important group of the energetic concentrated. 7
FP06-2004 Food Science and Biotechnology in Developing Countries Sorghum and Maize are the most used cereals but, these reported from 1990 to 1999 the 95% of the supply needed for cattle intake. The preference for the consumption of this cereal is based on the levels of supplies and price as well as the quality of energy that they provide The demand of carcass, more young and light, indicate that the lambs are the most important product 5 since they are being fed by nursing and concentrated, presenting muscles of clear or pinkish color with little amount of fat (smaller than 3mm of thickness in the back), due to these characteristics the carcass are considered of high quality. The systems of classification based on the weight and age criteria imply an economic hierarchy of the carcass since influence in other characters exist like greasing degree, consistency of the fat, flavor and aroma. 3,5,8 Numerous animals tissues are used as food since its structure is excessively complex, 3 consisting of a colloidal tissue, that contains from 55 to 78% of moisture, from 15 to 22% of proteins, 1 to 15% lipids, 1 to 2% of glucid and 1% of mineral salts. 9 The proteins are compounds that have become at the moment the main center of attention in the world due to their importance, 10 that depends fundamentally on the content of essential amino acids (necesary for life) and of their biological value. 11 The consumer demands meat with less fat, 12 that is to say meat with less saturated fat, since when consuming foods with higher energetic content and low in fat have beneficial effects. 1,13 Fats are a concentrated source of energy, they provide something more then twice of calories by gram then proteins and carbohydrates [9 over 4 Kcal/gr]. 4 Due to the demand that exists in this type of meat, the present study focused in the evaluation of the quality of the meat of ovines Pelibuey and Rambouillet - Polipay, two species that have great diffusion in the national field. Material and methods The present work was carried out in the Food Chemistry Laboratory (V203) of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, with the collaboration of the Cattle Department, both of the Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez. Sample obtention from Longissimus dorsi For the accomplishment of this work 16 lambs were used: 8 Pelibuey (P) and 8 Rambouillet- Polipay (RP), that were distributed in individual corrals, as viewed in the figures 1 and 2. Figure 1. Lamb Pelibuey Figure 2. Lamb Polipay-Rambouillet The lambs were weaned after sixty days after birth, with a period of adaptation of fifteen days. The food consumed was weighed twice a day every twelve hours. The food supplied increased when the rejection was higher then 5% of the offered portion. Portion one was composed of: rolado maize, alfalfa hay, harinolina, ammonium sulphate and a premixture of minerals. Portion two replaced maize by sorghum. When the lambs reached an age of six months, they were sacrificed, previously uninformed for twelve hours. The sacrifice was by decollation, with previous sensibilizacion. After the sacrifice, the full digestive system, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, trachea, skin, legs and head were weighed. Once the eviceration was concluded, the carcass was weighed, later cooled off to 4ºC during twenty-four hours. The cold carcass was divided in longitudinal form in two equal parts, in one of the parts the most important cuts were valued like: leg, thorax, arm-shoulder, abdomen and neck. One the right
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Water and calcium absorption during
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D (m2/s) 1.00E-09 9.00E-10 8.00E-10
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Tejate Drying Study Mendoza-Santiag
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CONCLUSION A tejate formulation was
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problems can be controlled by doubl
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The primary emulsion was still visc
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Evaluation of microbial, physicoche
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Table 1. Microbiological results of
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BIBLIOGRAPHY g of H 2O/g of dry mat
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. Texture attributes of sabila cube
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