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FSBI – 2004
Food Science and Biotechnology in Developing Countries
Characteristics of the clays and the activated charcoal
Clays: actisil 220 FF (pH: 2.5, retained in 230 mesh, particle size: 23) and optimum 320 FF (pH: 2.5,
retained in 230 mesh, particle size: 25, obtained from Sûd Chemie). Activated charcoal (pH: 6.0 - 8.5,
90 % size particle, minimum passes 200 mesh, obtained from Polifos).
Statistical analysis
The experimental data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance, for statistical significance
(α= 0.05) using LSD test. (Statistical Analysis System, SAS).
Results and Discussion
Bleaching
The results for bleaching with method 1 are shown in figure 1.
PHOTOMETRIC COLOR
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Control 20º C 30º C 40º C
50º C 60º C 70º C 80º C
90º C 100º C 110º C 120º C
TREATMENTS
Figure 1.Treatments at different temperatures with mixtures of clays and AC at 20 minutes.
The treatments at different temperatures (20º to 70º C) did not have significant effect (α=0.05). In
comparison, the treatments at 100º to 120º C decreased the PC. In other hand, the agitation time (10
and 20 minutes) had significant effect (α=0.05) on PC, meanwhile 20 and 30 minutes did not had
(results not presented). The temperature and acidity of clays are factors that help to the adsorption of
the complexes of proteins, lipids and carotenoids, because there are high concentration of ions
aluminum in the clays, and the activated charcoal adsorbs also odor and flavor from oil (1 y 4). The
best treatment was at 120º C resulting 1.01 units PC (figure 1). Badui (1998) reported 2.86 PC units to
corn oil. We obtained 1.01 PC units to amaranth oil, but the yield obtained for us was less than 50 %,
because the three steps to bleach with the clays diminished it for adsorption of the amaranth oil.
The results of the oil yields obtained are shown in the figure 2.