K Nn mK - Amecamex.org.mx
K Nn mK - Amecamex.org.mx
K Nn mK - Amecamex.org.mx
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FSBI – 2004<br />
Food Science and Biotechnology in Developing Countries<br />
Bleaching of Amaranth Oil (A. hypochondriacus)<br />
Ariza-Ortega J.A. (1) , López-Valdez F. (2) , Montalvo-Paquini C. (3) , Arellano-Huacuja A. (4) , and Luna-<br />
Suárez S. (5) .<br />
(1) CICATA-IPN Puebla. Acatlán 63, La Paz. Puebla, Pue. México 72160.<br />
E-mail: ariza_ortega@yahoo.com.<strong>mx</strong><br />
(2) CICATA-IPN Puebla. Acatlán 63, La Paz. Puebla, Pue. México 72160.<br />
E-mail: flopez2072@yahoo.com<br />
(3) CICATA-IPN Puebla. Acatlán 63, La Paz. Puebla, Pue. México 72160.<br />
E-mail: cpaquini@yahoo.com<br />
(4) CICATA-IPN Puebla. Acatlán 63, La Paz. Puebla, Pue. México 72160.<br />
E-mail: amy@puebla.megared.net.<strong>mx</strong><br />
(5) CICATA-IPN Puebla. Acatlán 63, La Paz. Puebla, Pue. México 72160.<br />
E-mail: silvials2004@yahoo.com.<strong>mx</strong><br />
Tel.: 52 (222) 230 - 4459. Tel/Fax: 249 - 8540.<br />
Abstract<br />
The bleaching was made by two methods, using 2 clays: actisil (A), optimum (O) and activated<br />
charcoal (AC). Method 1: The oil was mixed with 10 % A + O and 0.5 % (w/v) AC at 20º increasing<br />
each 10º up to 120° C. Method 2: The oil was mixed with 2 % A + O and 0.2 % (w/v) AC at 20°, 70º,<br />
100º, 110º and 120º C. The best result in the method 1 was 1.01 units of photometric color (PC) at<br />
120º C. The best result in the method 2 was 3.25 units PC at 70º C and 3.1 units PC at 20º C.<br />
Key words: Oil, bleaching, clays and photometric color.<br />
Introduction<br />
The obtained oils from different sources (mainly seeds) are called crude oils (1). The oil has undesired<br />
compounds that make it undesired to use. To resolve this problem, the oil is refined (2 y 3). Andersen<br />
(1965) proposed the following methods: sedimentation, centrifugation, filtration, degumming,<br />
neutralization, bleaching and deodorization. The bleaching is a method used to diminish pigments<br />
(carotenoid, flavonoides and others) that provide a colour nonwished in crudes oils. The most common<br />
methods for bleaching are; chemical action, hidrogenation, neutralization, heat and adsorption. The<br />
purpose of this work was bleaching the neutralized oil from amaranth seed of A. hypochondriacus with<br />
the adsorption method.<br />
Materials and Methods<br />
Amaranth oil<br />
Neutralized amaranth oil from Hidalgo (Mexico) was used.<br />
Bleaching<br />
Two methods were used: 1) the oil was mixed with clays: 10 % (w/v) each one of actisil (A) + optimum<br />
(O) and 0.5 % (w/v) activated charcoal (AC). Both treatments were working at 20º C increasing 10º up<br />
to 120° C and were stirred for 10, 20 and 30 minutes, each one. Then, were filtered. 2) The oil was<br />
mixed with clays: 2 % (w/v) (each one) of A + O and 0.2 % (w/v) AC. Both treatments were working at<br />
20º, 70º, 100º, 110º and 120° C each one. Then, were stirred for 10, 20 and 30 minutes and filtered.<br />
To diminish the photometric color (PC) in oil, were carry out three steps mixing clays and activated<br />
charcoal each one of anterior treatments. The PC was measured in a Spectronic Genesis 2<br />
spectrophotometer, using the method proposed by Allen (1982).
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