K Nn mK - Amecamex.org.mx
K Nn mK - Amecamex.org.mx
K Nn mK - Amecamex.org.mx
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FSB1 – 2004<br />
Food Science and Biotechnology in Developing Countries<br />
Turning Waste into Profit:<br />
Vegetable Residues as a Valuable Processing Stream<br />
Guenther Laufenberg<br />
Department of Food Technology, University Bonn, Roemerstr.164, 53117 Bonn, Germany<br />
g.laufenberg@uni-bonn.de<br />
Abstract:<br />
Waste can contain many reusable substances of high value. Based on a holistic concept of food<br />
production a need statement is visualized for the vegetable industry; recording occurrence, quantity<br />
and utilization of the residual products. The synchronization of all material streams in food processing<br />
enables the industry to produce new products with own net product value. Hence value is added to the<br />
residues and a reduction of investment and raw material costs is achieved.<br />
Keywords:<br />
Upgrading, sustainability concept, bioadsorbents, food flavors, multifunctional food ingredients<br />
A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community.<br />
It is wrong when it tends to do otherwise.<br />
(Aldo Leopold)<br />
Food and Agricultural industry produce large amounts of solid and liquid <strong>org</strong>anic residues, most of<br />
which is currently disposed or used on a low technological and economical level. The scale of the<br />
problem is illustrated by looking at the total amounts of waste materials produced by different<br />
countries. Table 1 is a list of waste quantities mentioned in the literature.<br />
Table 1: Waste quantities in different countries (selection)<br />
Country/state Quantity and waste type<br />
Germany (1997) [1]<br />
Belgium (1992) [3]<br />
380,000 t/a <strong>org</strong>anic waste only from potato, vegetable and fruit processing<br />
1,954,000 t/a spent malt and hobs (breweries)<br />
1,800,000 t/a grape pomace (viniculture)<br />
3,000,000 t/a crude fiber residues (sugar production)<br />
Spain (1997) [4] >250,000 t/a olive pomace<br />
100,000 t of wet apple pomace (≅ 25,000 t dry apple pomace) remain if 400,000<br />
t of apples are processed into apple juice [2]<br />
105,000 t/a biowaste (vegetable, garden and fruit waste)<br />
280,000 t/a estimations due to legislation of separate household collection<br />
EEC (1996) [5] 14,000,000 t/a sugar beet pulp (dry matter!)<br />
Thailand (1993) [6]<br />
palm oil production<br />
386,930 t/a empty fruit bunches<br />
165,830 t/a palm press fiber<br />
110,550 t/a palm kernel shells<br />
1,000,000 t/a cassava pulp (1994, [7])