View/Open - UHasselt
View/Open - UHasselt
View/Open - UHasselt
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Wouter Schroeyers, Leen Hulshagen, Veerle Pellens, Chris<br />
Vandervelpen, Marc Stals, Tim De Clerck, Jan Yperman, Robert<br />
Carleer, Sonja Schreurs<br />
Federale<br />
Overheidsdienst<br />
FINANCIEN
• NuTeC<br />
• NORM projects<br />
– NuTeC-NORM<br />
– B-NORM<br />
– EUR-NORM<br />
• New research topic:<br />
Outline<br />
– treatment of NORM contaminated waste
• XIOS University College (Diepenbeek, Belgium)<br />
– Industrial Sciences: “Nuclear and environmental Engineering”<br />
(Industrial Engineer)<br />
• Environmental Technology-Radiochemistry<br />
• Medical Nuclear Technology<br />
Nuclear Technological Center
• Environmental and Energy related research<br />
• Development and application of nuclear measurement<br />
aperture
• NuTeC<br />
• NORM projects<br />
– NuTeC-NORM<br />
– B-NORM<br />
– EUR-NORM<br />
• New research topic:<br />
Outline<br />
– treatment of NORM contaminated waste
NORM<br />
‘Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material’<br />
phosphate or<br />
zirconium sand<br />
granite<br />
potassium sulfate<br />
bismuth
NORM ‘Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material’<br />
gypsum<br />
deposition in pipeline<br />
gas industry<br />
thorium containing components<br />
fly ash
• Sponsored by:<br />
“NORM” projects<br />
– Flemish Community (Hermesfonds, 45%),<br />
– European Funds for Regional Development<br />
(EFRO-support, 40%)<br />
– XIOS University College Limburg (15%).
• NuTeC<br />
• NORM projects<br />
– NuTeC-NORM<br />
– B-NORM<br />
– EUR-NORM<br />
• New research topic:<br />
Outline<br />
– treatment of NORM contaminated waste
• Aims:<br />
“NuTeC – NORM” project<br />
– “Knowledge diffusion” regarding Natural Occurring Radioactive<br />
Materials by supporting the Flemish Non- Nuclear industry.<br />
Preparing companies for future (European) directives.<br />
• Duration of the project:<br />
– 15/12/08 – 14/12/10<br />
• Collaboration : Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC)<br />
Federale<br />
Overheidsdienst<br />
FINANCIEN<br />
Administratie der Douane en Accijnzen<br />
3 NORM companies
NuTeC –NORM project<br />
1. Construction of a NORM-database<br />
(Harbor of Antwerp)<br />
Federale<br />
Overheidsdienst<br />
FINANCIEN
NORM Database [23/04/07 – 31/08/10]:<br />
Alarms at detection portals at customs of Antwerp:<br />
(103600 ‘events’): Federale<br />
Refractory materials others<br />
Pesticides<br />
Glass fibre<br />
Chemicals<br />
(not containing 40 K)<br />
Ceramics<br />
Fertilizers<br />
Potassium containing compounds<br />
Tobacco<br />
Food<br />
Building materials<br />
Minerals / Ores<br />
Overheidsdienst<br />
FINANCIEN
NuTeC –NORM project<br />
2. Developing a tool to estimate the activity<br />
concentration of NORM<br />
• For comparison:<br />
– NaI and LaBr experiments are benchmarked against a Laboratory<br />
experiment with Germanium detector after taking of sample
METHODOLOGY – Investigation of shipping containers and<br />
big bags<br />
U-238<br />
• Output = activity concentration radionuclide lies<br />
beneath, around or above the limits given by<br />
European Directives for NORM nuclides
NuTeC –NORM project<br />
3. Case Studies at several NORM Companies<br />
� Supplying information and training for companies in working with NORM<br />
� Making an inventory of the presence and activity of NORM and propose<br />
measures for radiation protection.<br />
GMA garnet<br />
K 2SO 4<br />
Rutile sand<br />
Zirconium sand<br />
Fluorspar
NORM industries (New European Directives)<br />
• List of NORM industries which will require regulatory consideration:<br />
– Extraction of rare earth from monazite<br />
– Production of thorium compounds and thorium containing products<br />
– Processing of niobium/tantalum ore<br />
– Oil and gas production<br />
– Geothermal energy production<br />
– TiO 2 pigment production<br />
– Thermal phosphorus production<br />
– Zircon and zirconia industry<br />
– Production of phosphate fertilisers<br />
– Cement production, maintenance of clinker ovens<br />
– Coal-fired power plants, maintenance of boilers<br />
– Phosphoric acid production<br />
– Primary iron production<br />
– Tin/Lead/Copper smelting<br />
– Ground water filtration facilities<br />
– Mining of ores other than Uranium ore<br />
• including relevant secondary processes<br />
• Member States should add other relevant activities
A new method for characterisation of NORM<br />
*European list NORM-industries for strict regulation:<br />
NORM-nuclides:<br />
238 U<br />
232 Th<br />
226 Ra<br />
40 K<br />
Notification if<br />
> 1 Bq/g<br />
> 10 Bq/g
Results on sands<br />
238 U > 1 Bq/g ?<br />
(Ge)
K-40<br />
Results on fertilizers<br />
40 K > 10 Bq/g ?
NuTeC-NORM � educational support<br />
• Training on the job at NORM companies<br />
• Workshops (at companies)<br />
• NORM Forum (www.nutec.be)<br />
• Publication in technical journal (Prevent Actua)<br />
• Part of XIMER course on ENVIRONMENTAL<br />
RADIOACTIVITY: Confronting students with the<br />
historical contamination of NORM industries<br />
• Master and bachelor thesis for students in<br />
Computer sciences / ICT
NuTeC-NORM � educational support<br />
• Sensitization industry regarding the<br />
new directives and confronting<br />
regulators with the practical situation<br />
in industry<br />
– EAN-NORM network<br />
– Presentation of results at several<br />
workshops/ congresses<br />
• 2x on workshop EAN-NORM network<br />
(Dresden)<br />
• NORM & Natural Radiation Management<br />
(London)<br />
• NORM VI (Marrakech),<br />
• 3 e IRPA Congress (Helsinki),
• NuTeC<br />
• NORM projects<br />
– NuTeC-NORM<br />
– B-NORM<br />
– EUR-NORM<br />
• New research topic:<br />
Outline<br />
– treatment of NORM contaminated waste
• Aims:<br />
“B – NORM” project<br />
– “Knowledge diffusion” regarding Natural Occurring Radioactive<br />
Materials in building materials by supporting the Flemish building<br />
industry. Preparing companies for future (European) directives.<br />
• Duration of the project:<br />
– 15/12/10 – 14/12/12<br />
• Collaboration : Federal Agency for Nuclear Control<br />
Federale<br />
Overheidsdienst<br />
FINANCIEN<br />
Administratie der Douane en Accijnzen<br />
Bouwkunde @XIOS
• Materials including by-products or residues from<br />
NORM industries such as<br />
– fly ash,<br />
– phosphogypsum,<br />
– phosphorous slag,<br />
– tin slag,<br />
– copper slag,<br />
NORM in building materials<br />
(New European Directives)<br />
– red mud (residue from aluminium production),<br />
– residues from steel production
B-NORM: Goals<br />
1. Create an inventory of building materials: Determination of activity index<br />
CRa<br />
226 Bq CTh232<br />
Bq CK<br />
40 Bq<br />
I �<br />
� �<br />
300 kg 200 kg 3000 kg<br />
2. Optimization of software tool for building materials and dosimetric studies<br />
3. Radon measurements in buildings + correlation with the technical<br />
properties of the dwelling
NaI vs. LaBr<br />
NaI<br />
LaBr<br />
Peaks related to La 138:1436 keV+X-rays:<br />
� interference with K 40
B-NORM<br />
• Current status<br />
– Contacting building material<br />
manufacturers and<br />
suppliers<br />
– Measurements on bulk<br />
samples<br />
– Creating database with<br />
radiological properties of<br />
several building materials
B-NORM � educational support<br />
• Sensitization industry regarding the new directives and<br />
confronting regulators with the practical situation in the<br />
building sector<br />
• Part of XIMER activity (measuring building materials in<br />
Hasselt)<br />
• Master thesis topics for students in ‘Nuclear Technology’<br />
and from ‘Building Engineering’<br />
– Master student Nuclear Technology (2011-2012)<br />
• Possibilities for PhD?<br />
– XIOS/Uhasselt is trying to acquire new instrument:<br />
Ultra low background germanium detector<br />
– Collaboration with SCK - CEN
• NuTeC<br />
• NORM projects<br />
– NuTeC-NORM<br />
– B-NORM<br />
– EUR-NORM<br />
• New research topic:<br />
Outline<br />
– treatment of NORM contaminated waste
EUR-NORM<br />
Duration of the project: 15 December 2010 – 14 December 2011<br />
Networking to exchange expertise regarding NORM in Europe and to<br />
further spread knowledge regarding NORM related problems<br />
&<br />
To verify in which way the practical implementation of the new European<br />
directives regarding NORM can occur
EUR-NORM: 4th EAN-NORM workshop<br />
• Duo presentations<br />
• Exhibition<br />
• http://www.ean-norm.net/<br />
• Call for abstracts<br />
Contacts:<br />
•Sonja Schreurs: sonja.schreurs@xios.be<br />
•Astrid Schellenberger: schellenberger@iaf-dresden.de
B-NORM � educational support<br />
• Sensitization industry regarding the<br />
new directives and confronting<br />
regulators with the practical situation<br />
in the industry<br />
• Expand European network to<br />
increase the international<br />
possibilities for students<br />
• Visit institutes to explore NORM<br />
related research (master, PhD,<br />
projects,…) collaboration<br />
possibilities.
• NuTeC<br />
• NORM projects<br />
– NuTeC-NORM<br />
– B-NORM<br />
– EUR-NORM<br />
• New research topic:<br />
Outline<br />
– treatment of NORM contaminated waste
NuTeC - Environmental and Energy related research<br />
Characterisation of various types of biomass<br />
(eg. waist products of several industries)<br />
Pyrolyse - Calorimetry
Pyrolysis<br />
� Input: Biomass / waste:<br />
� rapeseed cake<br />
� Metal contaminated willow<br />
� Domestic waste<br />
� Slib from water treatment<br />
� …<br />
� NORM contaminated biomass<br />
or waste?
Pyrolysis<br />
� Output � validation<br />
� Pyrolysis liquid<br />
� Pyrolysis gas<br />
� Char<br />
� Validation (Activated) char carbon:<br />
Adsorbens for metals, radionuclides?
New research topic: a ‘in situ’ strategy for treatment<br />
soil and related waste water<br />
1. Bio- and/or phytoremediation for the<br />
treatment of the radiological contaminated<br />
soils.<br />
2. Contaminated biomass can be converted to<br />
char, liquid and gasses by means of pyrolysis.<br />
3. The (activated) char carbon can be studied for<br />
the treatment of the waste water at the<br />
contaminated site.<br />
Collaboration: XIOS – <strong>UHasselt</strong> – SCK-CEN<br />
Bio-/Phytoremediation<br />
Biodegradability<br />
Pyrolysis<br />
Water treatment /<br />
purification
New research topic<br />
• Educational and research collaboration<br />
possibilities<br />
– PhD / exchange of master thesis students /<br />
projects / …<br />
• Selection of NORM contaminated sites (in<br />
Europe) for study and treatment
NuTeC – www.nutec.be<br />
PHONE: 0032(0)11370794<br />
GSM: 0032(0)472361469<br />
Idea’s for new projects???<br />
Collaboration?<br />
Sonja.schreurs@xios.be<br />
Wouter.schroeyers@xios.be
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